This enzyme normally breaks down a lipid called GM2 ganglioside.

HEX-A正常情况下能降解一种叫做GM2神经节苷脂的脂质。

And they're " naked" because the capsid isn't covered by a lipid membrane.

它们之所以是“裸露的”，因为衣壳没有被脂质膜覆盖。

To anything on a molecular scale water becomes a kind of heavy-duty gel, and a lipid is like iron.

在分子的层面上，对于任何东西而言，水成了重型凝胶，而脂质简直就像钢铁一样。

West Nile virus is also an " enveloped virus" because the capsid is covered by a lipid membrane.

该病毒还是有包囊的病毒，因为衣壳外有一层脂质层。

Now, west nile virus enters host cells using a lipid membrane protein called E2 in a process called clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

西尼罗河病毒利用脂质双分子层上的包膜蛋白（E）通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入宿主细胞。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，它有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

Varicella zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA virus, protected by a protein coat called capsid, which is enveloped in a lipid membrane.

水痘带状疱疹病毒是双链DNA病毒，被一种叫衣壳的蛋白质包膜保护，而它又被脂质层包裹。

Third, there's a lipid called an ionizable lipid.

第三，有一种叫做可电离脂质的脂质。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未必。很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，它有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

So when you throw a bunch of phospholipids together in water, they form this beautiful structure called a lipid bilayer.

所以当你把一堆磷脂放在水中时，它们会形成这种美丽的结构，称为脂质双层。

This transition likely involved the formation of a lipid membrane—perhaps spontaneously forming around RNA and other molecules—creating the first protocells.

这种转变可能涉及脂质膜的形成（可能在 RNA 和其他分子周围自发形成），从而产生了第一个原始细胞。

The capsid is covered by a protein layer called the tegument, and finally enclosed in an envelope, which is a lipid membrane that contains viral glycoproteins and is acquired from the nuclear membrane of host cells.

衣壳上覆盖有一层叫“间层”的蛋白，最外面由一层囊膜包裹；囊膜是一层包含病毒糖蛋白的磷脂膜，来自于宿主细胞的核膜。