Deflection of arch axial line is more common among the construction process.

其中,拱轴线的偏移在施工中更为常见.

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The basis axial line formula is derived.

同时建立了基准轴线的公式.

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After the crack initiating, it propagates along the vertical direction of the tensile stress axial line.

裂纹萌生后主要沿着与拉应力轴垂直的方向扩展.

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