denominate

Should it opt to leave, it would have an incentive not to convert its stock of euro-denominated debts to claims in a new, stronger currency.

China has recently opened up to private equity firms, as foreign firms have finally been allowed to raise yuan-denominated funds.

SAFE has been trying to diversify its reserves to be less reliant on dollar-denominated assets.

China has about $2. 4 trillion in foreign reserves overall, though it doesn't reveal how much of that is in euro-denominated assets.

Frankel said he would have expected to see a shift towards euro-denominated assets.

The value of bonds issued in euros since the beginning of 2006 exceeds that of bonds denominated in dollars.

If the euro were to disappear altogether, the question of how to handle euro-denominated contracts would be a legal morass.

The gold-denominated versions of these funds, which had been up for most of the year, now are down about 20%.

However, if it were to sell dollar-denominated treasuries, several bad things would happen.

The question of what happens to euro-denominated contracts if the euro dissolves is a thorny one.

China now holds huge amounts of U. S. bonds and dollar- denominated assets, has been a great danger now is not wise to continue to bet.

Another lure was that pension-fund clients preferred investments in the currency their liabilities were denominated in, the euro.

Think about it, do you know of any wealthy acquaintance that has yen-denominated cash deposits?

Devaluation would, at a stroke, produce a wave of defaults in euro-denominated contracts.

The registered capital of a foreign-funded company shall be denominated in RMB, or in a freely convertible foreign currency.

TPG is one of a handful of firms to announce a yuan-denominated fund, which will raise funds from local investors.

One of his core goals is for HKEx to win approval from Beijing to start offering renminbi-denominated products.

Beijing has said it will buy up to $50 billion worth of SDR-denominated bonds to be issued by the IMF.

However, as you've stated that you've Citibank in shenzhen, china, you can draw a check from this bank denominated only in US dollars.

Once investors start to look over this precipice, the resulting stampede out of euro-denominated assets could become self-fulfilling.

What followed was a spiralling proliferation of increasingly spurious credit instruments denominated in a debased currency.

August was the first month with no euro-denominated, investment grade corporate bond sales since the currency was introduced in 1999.

The group recently disclosed that 81 of its members had signed up to use a new platform to trade renminbi-denominated stocks.

Whilst precise numbers are hard to come by, the ECFR says it estimates up to 25 percent of China's reserves may now be euro denominated.

Many financial transactions in London are denominated in dollars.

As the chart shows, risky assets appear to have staged quite a recovery when denominated in dollars.

Huge uncertainty about the value of any outstanding euro-denominated contracts could paralyse commerce within Europe and beyond.

Mr. Paulson's own money largely is in gold, and in gold-denominated share classes offered by his firm.

State-controlled Bank of China Ltd. now allows customers at its branches in the U. S. to open yuan-denominated accounts.

Second, by pushing down the dollar, Fed looseness is pushing up the price of dollar-denominated commodities.

Islamic bonds, known as sukuk, and renminbi-denominated bonds are in high demand among investors due to their relatively small supply.

The helicopter buzzing back and forth across the skyline represents the financial centre's more yuan-denominated future.

Top of their wish list is permission to distribute yuan-denominated mutual funds, which are increasingly popular among the rich.

Two years to both large public buildings completed and implemented by transformation of heat measurement using heat-denominated charges.

Several banks have issued offshore bonds denominated in yuan, also known as the renminbi, and other companies have begun following suit.

in those two months, Mrs Linton encountered and conquered the worst shock of what was denominated a brain fever.

Also, Malaysia's central bank may have to wait before it is in a position to start investing in yuan-denominated assets.

The legal meaning and validity of all euro-denominated contracts and instruments would be up for grabs.

Available data reveal the currency in which debt is denominated, not the nationality of the debt holder.

Meanwhile, the Fed also clearly risks a global flight from dollar- denominated liabilities and a resurgence in inflation.

Holding euro-denominated assets also incurs the long-term risk that the single currency may one day break up.

Banks have done a brisk business in yuan-denominated trade finance, which helps companies fund purchases of merchandise abroad.

Bulldog Bond A sterling denominated bond that is issued in London by a company that is not British .

The change to the program, which allows designated foreign investors to trade yuan-denominated A-shares, had been expected.

That private equity funds denominated in yuan will one day dominate China's market is no longer a question.

Contracts in the ancient world were sometimes denominated in salt, because it had a stable price.

Suppose you were an institutional investor with liabilities denominated in euros.

And the central bank has deployed billions of dollars of reserves to help local banks provide dollar-denominated credit lines.

The great majority of the assets and liabilities of the banks operating in the City of London are not denominated in sterling.

But analysts are looking at companies with a lot of cash, large foreign operations or foreign-denominated debt for potential hits.

When they choose to invest money in financial assets denominated in foreign currencies, they incur exchange risk as well.

Banks would collapse and capital flee, and many of Greece's companies, unable to pay their euro-denominated bills, would go bankrupt.

Morgan Stanley said it would unveil details of its renminbi-denominated China private equity fund next week.

'Lots of our local sources are denominated in the U. S. dollar, ' said a Hon Hai spokesman.

Commodity prices are denominated in dollars: as the US currency weakens against the euro, raw material prices move higher.

In April, HSBC helped arrange the first, and so far only, initial public offering outside mainland China to be denominated in renminbi.

This would be equivalent to official holdings by the US government of $ 6000bn, all denominated in the currencies of other countries.

It consists of a promise to pay, usually denominated in currency, and there are both long-term and short-term debt instruments.

The supply of new CNY denominated bonds is largely determined by the authorities issuing quotas, rather than by the market demand.

But with dollar-denominated funding rates still rising, global central banks' tactics don't appear to be working.

One of the things the firm is doing differently is launching a yuan-denominated fund in Beijing.

In my school, you were denominated by which cricketer or Bollywood star you worshiped, not which prophet.

Both Greece and Ireland are carrying heavy public liabilities denominated in a currency (the euro) that they cannot print.

Against this landscape, the US economy and dollar-denominated financial assets will look increasingly attractive on a relative value basis.

China has recently eased some currency controls as it tries to increase yuan-denominated transactions.

The weakness of the US dollar, in which most food commodities are denominated, has also contributed to higher prices.

China is the United States' largest foreign creditor, with more than $1 trillion worth of dollar-denominated holdings.

That peg forced China to take in huge quantities of dollars and then invest them in dollar-denominated securities, principally Treasuries.

valuable securities denominated in foreign currencies, including government bonds, corporate bonds, and stocks.

Currently, China is providing stability as the largest holder of US government debt and US dollar-denominated reserves.

It is a simple relationship: As Europe's woes fuel the dollar's rise against the euro, dollar-denominated commodity prices fall.

"The fund is dollar-denominated; it is not possible to hedge these currencies, and I don't even think it is advisable, " he says.

The continued strength of the Brazilian real undermines ARA "s exports and increases its real-denominated production costs. "

But some expected future cash flows denominated in home currency terms may also be exposed.

Tax revenue is rising quickly, the state has considerable assets, and almost all of its debt is denominated in domestic currency.

payment instruments denominated in foreign currency, including bills, bank certificate of deposit and certificate of postal deposit etc.

China holds a large stash of dollar-denominated foreign assets, as well as significant amounts of renminbi-denominated liabilities.

Given the dearth of renminbi-denominated financial assets available offshore, most investors have few options besides low-yielding deposits.

Mr Zhou also proposes an SDR-denominated fund, managed by the IMF, into which dollar reserves could be exchanged for SDRs.

He suggests that we're poised for a collapse in the dollar and in dollar-denominated assets, including Treasuries.

Eurobank A financial institution that readily accepts foreign currency denominated deposits and makes foreign currency loans.

Indeed , there is no real need for certain financial transactions of such a nature to be denominated in Hong Kong dollars at all .

5. Current liabilities denominated in multi-currencies shall be individually accounted for in their originating currencies.

First, central banks are likely to keep holding most of their reserves in dollars as global trade remains denominated in dollars.

Investors can enjoy the bull market in gold, the yuan's appreciation and hedge gold denominated in other currencies against the yuan.

Border currency (unit): In a project, values measured in foreign exchange But denominated in the local currency.

Mr Zhang said the renminbi-denominated ODI and FDI should support the development of Chinese entities.

It normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies.

Eurobond: A Eurobond is a bond denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which it is issued.

Even as other asset classes suffered, renminbi-denominated bonds remained in strong demand from international investors.

Eurobond: A Eurobond is a bond denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which it is issued.

Even as other asset classes suffered, renminbi-denominated bonds remained in strong demand from international investors.

Larger institutional investors head to local currency sovereign debt, while medium-sized ones stay with dollar denominated debt, he says.

Stone & McCarthy estimate that 75 per cent of the rise in reserve requirements may have been dollar denominated.

So far, the products are mainly renminbi-denominated bonds.

Foreign banks and pension funds holding weak economies' euro-denominated government bonds would suffer an effective default.

That will sharply reduce the pace of foreign-exchange accumulation and cut into China's open-ended demand for dollar-denominated assets.

The popularity of renminbi-denominated bond issues reflects confidence over renminbi appreciation.

The author asked the U. S. government to insure the dollar-denominated assets held by China to prevent further loss.

Following the exit, contracts and financial instruments written under foreign law would likely remain euro-denominated.

Following the exit, contracts and financial instruments written under foreign law would likely remain euro-denominated.

Fearful they would lose access to hard currency, investors bought Argentina's dollar-denominated bonds and dumped their peso equivalents.

About 7% of China's foreign trade in the first quarter was done in transactions denominated in yuan, up from 0. 5% a year earlier.

Carlyle last month inked plans to establish a renminbi-denominated fund in co-operation with the Beijing municipal government.

Any net increase in foreign purchases of euro-denominated local government bonds has an impact far beyond short-term funding.

This savings diversion allowed the Chinese to plow huge amounts of capital into the U. S. and dollar-denominated assets.

And these debts are an especially heavy burden because most of the loans were denominated in other countries' currencies.

Italy used a yen-denominated swap to give its finances a one-time puff and avoid the ignominy of failing to qualify for the euro.

It makes less sense keeping savings-denominated yuan locked out of China's markets.

It says selling bonds denominated in renminbi will allow it to match its Chinese assets with local liabilities.

It says selling bonds denominated in renminbi will allow it to match its Chinese assets with local liabilities.

Capital controls on the mainland mandate that these private loans are denominated in foreign currency and reside offshore.

Traders also fear that as these economies weaken, the dollar's new strength will push down prices of commodities denominated in dollars.

Container rates are denominated in dollars, while only a portion of costs-like port charges and some staff costs-are in yuan.

However, interest-bearing debt denominated in euros is a different matter, and bond markets quickly started to sort the Xs from the Ys.

Plus, holding stocks denominated in other currencies could help safeguard you against a future decline in the value of the dollar.

He says that even though yields on peso-denominated bonds are at record lows, the trade 'is not that crowded yet. '

Big foreign banks are betting on rapid growth in the market for yuan-denominated financial products both in mainland China and offshore.

In practise, dealing with two classes of shares, one of which is denominated in a non-convertible currency, is tricky.

Asian bonds, as measured by JPMorgan's total return index of dollar-denominated debt, are back to pre-Lehman levels.

Hungary's central bank has proposed stricter limits on loan-to-value ratios for mortgages denominated in foreign currencies.

It is the first 5-year renminbi-denominated bond offered by an offshore multinational.

When those dollars were reinvested in dollar-denominated assets, it was America's turn to bubble.

The bet is that holding yuan-denominated assets is an important feature of a diversified national reserve.

It is part of a broad initiative to grow yuan- and yen-denominated bonds globally.

The first is the large-scale creation of financial assets, like bonds, denominated in a new reserve currency.

However, it is a whole lot worse for countries like Hungary where many household mortgages are denominated in Swiss francs.

Europe is the borrower in the bond markets outside the country issued to a third country currency denominated international bonds.

Dollar-denominated gold appears more expensive to investors using foreign currencies when the dollar strengthens.

But why would capital flow into real estate denominated in dollars that are still expected to plunge?

That made it much more expensive to pay back yen-denominated debt.

Mr Wang, however, defended the rationale behind dollar-denominated investments.

While observers don't expect them to sell dollar-denominated assets outright, they do foresee more diversification ahead.

Beijing will immediately allow foreign-invested banks to offer their own brand of renminbi-denominated credit and debit cards.

In Hungary, almost every mortgage is a foreign currency mortgage, mostly denominated in Swiss francs.

As the world's largest buyer of dollar-denominated commodities, China would benefit from a stronger yuan.

Since then, the territory's renminbi-denominated financial markets have blossomed.

The key to Paulson's outsized gains is that he amplified these returns by creating gold-denominated versions of his five funds.

That could begin to force euro-denominated transactions into the euro zone, say Paris or Frankfurt.

The first product will be a dollar-denominated fuel oil contract for physical delivery in southern China.

But this spring has seen a proliferation of new iron or pricing indexes denominated in renminbi.

A stronger yen hurts Japanese exporters by eroding the value of dollar-denominated profits and making exports more expensive.

Last week, gaming company Galaxy Entertainment Group sold the first high-yield yuan-denominated bonds offshore.

Another factor that might push up yields: alternative options for investing in yuan-denominated debt.

The offshore market for renminbi-denominated bonds has proved much more lucrative.

A stronger yen erodes the value of dollar-denominated earnings and makes Japanese exports less competitive overseas.

That year, the Shanghai composite index of renminbi- denominated "A" shares almost doubled.

But the compression of yields on dollar-denominated issues is pushing more investors to dip into local currencies.

Moreover, most external assets held by emerging economies are dollar-denominated.

Roughly two-thirds of the country's reserves are believed to be in dollars and dollar-denominated assets such as gold.

In comments to reporters Tuesday, HKEx Chief Executive Charles Li expressed optimism that a yuan-denominated stock could be issued soon.

First, its allure reflects the singular depth of markets in dollar-denominated debt securities.

A majority of Hungarian mortgages are denominated in Swiss francs (see chart), most of them taken out when the forint was relatively strong.

More than a third of production costs are dollar denominated, but the US and Europe account for four-fifths of sales.

In this paper, H steel partially encased concrete composite columns are denominated for PEC columns.

Will we see more international financial and trading transactions denominated in RMB soon?

B shares are denominated in yuan but payable in foreign currency and are designated for foreign investors.

It will invest as a limited partner in Rmb-denominated funds that focus on the domestic market, according to CDB Capital executives.

Eventually these changes will likely see more foreign firms raising funds denominated in yuan.

Another is the absence of a large market for yuan-denominated bonds.

Asian central banks are set to keep buying gold to absorb euro- or dollar-denominated export revenues, Grubb said.

Around two thirds of the reserves are invested in US dollar-denominated assets, according to analysts and people who work closely with Safe.

Euro-denominated notes and coins in circulation exceed those denominated in dollars.

When times were really good, junk-rated issuers pumped out tens of billions of dollar-denominated deals.

TPG recently announced plans to raise two Chinese currency-denominated funds, each sized at more than $700 million.

Moreover, funds denominated in yuan have a broader range of local investment opportunities than their foreign-currency counterparts.

Lots of European banks make dollar denominated loans, in part because U. S. interest rates are so low.

The ECB deposits euros (or euro-denominated assets) with the Fed and receives dollars in return.

Commissions are charged in the currency in which the instrument is denominated .

The weak greenback has boosted many dollar-denominated commodities in recent weeks.

The pattern repeats with euro-denominated bonds and various other investments.

Second, renminbi-denominated funds are also favoured by investors.

A person involved in the offering said other yuan-denominated stocks aren't likely to come to market soon.

The latter in particular would have a healthy appetite for yuan-denominated security, anticipating a currency revaluation soon.

S. and dollar-denominated assets. Cheap Chinese labor kept American inflation low.

HECF is a Euro-denominated, Luxembourg-regulated Fonds de Commun de Placement (FCP), with an indefinite life.

But, in the short run, the fall in wages and prices worsens the overhang of euro-denominated indebtedness.

The moves underscore rising interest in renminbi-denominated funds.

Beijing is taking bids this week for its second offshore sovereign bond issue denominated in yuan.

A whopping 95 percent of foreign exposure to U. S. assets is denominated in dollars, which poses a difficult dilemma for foreign investors.

A stronger euro makes dollar-denominated coal cheaper for European consumers.

There is also the question of whether to buy debt denominated in local currencies, which is less liquid but carries a higher yield.

But big hurdles remain before the offshore market for yuan-denominated loans can broaden, banking executives say.

This month, the American hamburger chain became the first non-financial foreign company to issue debt denominated in the Chinese currency.

But economists believe about 70 percent is denominated in dollars and most of the rest in euros.

The number of bonds denominated in Asia-Pacific currencies issued by non-residents ranges from 79, 220 in Japanese yen to four in renminbi.

China has $3, 045bn in foreign exchange reserves, about two-thirds of which are estimated to be held in dollar-denominated assets.

The debt problem would still remain. It would just be re-denominated.

First, Beijing could sell U. S. Treasury bonds and buy other dollar-denominated assets.

China has the largest foreign reserves in the world, with an estimated two-thirds of the $3, 197bn total denominated in US dollars.

Attention has focused on the slide in Russia's dollar-denominated benchmark RTS index.

Shanghai has launched a Chinese-only gold contract denominated in the renminbi.

"My view is that China can and will buy a little more euro-denominated bonds as a token gesture, " Mr Tao says.

For investors who want exposure to bonds denominated in euros there are not enough other places to go.

Those bearing the brunt are, inevitably, exporters to the US and other dollar-denominated markets.

to repeat , what the banks are trading are demand deposits denominated in different currencies.

Mr Zhou's proposal came after Wen Jiabao, premier, called on the US to guarantee the safety of dollar-denominated Chinese assets.

The most exposed of all is Latvia, where more than 80% of all household borrowing is denominated in foreign currencies, mainly euros.

Outstanding euro-denominated debt accounts for 45 per cent of the global market, compared with 37 per cent for the dollar.

Short-term Rouble-denominated Russian Treasury bill.

In the early 1970s, some banks took deposits denominated in SDRs and some companies even issued bonds in the currency.

But Bank X is also cutting traditional banking activities denominated in dollars.

Shares of Chinese airline companies have benefited recently because they tend to have dollar-denominated debt but earn in yuan.

There are still relatively few renminbi-denominated investment products.

Other assets denominated in foreign currency.

Reports said Chinese regulators had given it and Bank of East Asia approval to sell renminbi- denominated bonds in the territory.

The program will be open to foreign banks to the extent they are involved in settling yuan-denominated trade.

In some emerging markets, a weaker dollar is a relief for companies that must pay debts denominated in dollars.

But they also see development for China's yuan-denominated bond market.

With services such as e-gold and other commodity-denominated accounts, individuals no longer need to suffer inflation at all.

This paves the way for fund managers to introduce renminbi-denominated funds.

In order to prevent devaluation of their dollars, they have no option but to keep buying yet more dollar-denominated securities.

securities that are denominated in dollars or yen.

They have $3 trillion of $ denominated assets. That's the quick narrative of the recent past.

That has created a market for yuan-denominated securities.

The People's Republic has, however, over-exposed itself to the US, piling up dollar-denominated securities.

The move has opened the doors to wider issuance of yuan-denominated bonds and other investments.

The LME plans to maintain its benchmark denominated in US dollars.

For the last few years, funds denominated in yuan, also called the renminbi, have become all the rage in China's private-equity scene.

Banks need dollars to fund dollar-denominated loans and other obligations.

Investors, traders and speculators fleeing a sinking euro have bought dollars and dollar-denominated instruments such as Treasury bonds.

The IMF reckons that Polish households took on mortgages denominated in Swiss francs that were worth about 12% of GDP in 2008.

Its billions of dollars of Euro-denominated foreign debts became unpayable.

In Thailand, foreigners cut back holdings of baht denominated bonds by 24 per cent in that same period.

Dollar-denominated pulp costs are up because Brazil's currency, the real, is down at record lows.

Yet the market for such dollar-denominated debt-like instruments has grown in the past decade.

For perspective, the value of all traded securities (bonds and stocks) denominated in US dollars is $50 trillion.

A stronger yuan would effectively lower the price of foreign currency-denominated imported products such as oil, cars, and wheat.

SMC3 leads SMG's growth capital private equity investments in China from its Shanghai headquarters with both USD and RMB-denominated funds.

It is also encouraging companies to issue yuan-denominated - or "dim sum" - bonds.

However the sharp fall in the leu's euro exchange-rate from September 2008 to March 2009 has distorted the leu-denominated figures.

About one-fourth of East Asia's long-term debt is denominated in yen.

a. a large amount of short-term debt denominated in dollars.

There is much money to be made, like earning an annual return of 10% on guaranteed paper denominated in euros.

Events do occur in our time zone that move financial markets denominated in the US dollar and the euro.

The country cannot continue borrowing at today's rates: PDVSA's latest dollar-denominated bonds pay a 12. 75% coupon.

China doesn't fundanything they're simply exchanging their goods for dollar denominated assets.

In Europe, yields on euro-denominated non-financial bonds at 3. 02% are at their lowest on record, according to BNP Paribas.

Why not invest in assets not denominated in the US dollar?

First, fixed income products such as renminbi- denominated bonds are easily accepted by the market.

The gift is denominated in stock, not dollars.

By 2008 some 85 per cent of emerging market international bond issues were denominated in local currency.

Second, the People's Bank could sell U. S. Treasury bonds and buy assets denominated in euros or yen.

More generally, Harman employs a natural hedge in China by balancing its yuan-denominated payables and receivables.

CIC's mandate says it can be spent on anything but renminbi-denominated assets.

This is because domestic pension funds want assets denominated in their own currencies.

Gross domestic product is denominated in international dollars, which is based on Purchasing Power Parity.

That would increase returns on dollar-denominated assets and make them more attractive again to investors.

Dollar-denominated Nikkei futures fell 4. 9 percent and are down more than 10 percent for the year.

Soft dollar typically makes dollar-denominated metals cheaper to buy for non-U. S. investors.