currency

One of them is how much impact virtual economies and currencies will have on real world ones.

The dollar started to gain against almost all currencies last summer when China decided to peg its currency to the US currency once more.

Mr Medvedev said the "existing set of reserve currencies had failed to perform their functions" .

Fundamental analysis alone is often insufficient to use when dealing with currencies, commodities and other "margined" products.

Thus, there is, at least in a transition period, scope for the extension of monetary control to offshore deposits in these currencies.

Mr Fan said the real problem the world faced today was an overvalued dollar, not only against the renminbi but against all major currencies.

The date of conversion of the sum awarded into national currencies shall be governed by the law of the Court seized of the case.

Since the New Zealand dollar is one of the strongest currencies it should be closely observed for signs the uptrend will be extended.

China may have been 'referencing' a basket of currencies, but it didn't seem to be acting on it.

Currencies and government bonds, among the main asset classes, have always been traded without the aid of an exchange.

The MoF data did not specify which currencies were bought and sold, nor the date on which the action took place.

Iceland found, to its peril, that its access to the leading currencies was not as sure as it had hoped.

As an absolute system, the general ledger accounts for currencies was merged into the system.

Funds are trying to distinguish themselves by focusing on countries (Japan and China) or instruments (emerging-market currencies).

Does this mean central banks in emerging markets are finally trying to reverse the sharp plunge in their currencies over the past month?

The dollar, which like the yen has recently been gaining against rival currencies, climbed against the euro and the British pound.

With risk currencies falling, analysts said the euphoria fueled by China's pledge of a flexible yuan over the weekend has clearly faded.

The meeting in Europe was held by members of the old cabal who were trying to somehow keep their fiat currencies from imploding.

The question is how much of the loan books turn sour as economies slow and currencies fall.

We'll continue to watch the EURO, as all the other currencies seem to be following its lead at the moment.

Mr. Guo said the IMF should 'immediately' include the yuan as a component of its Special Drawing Rights basket of currencies.

The U. S. dollar has fallen 9% so far this year compared with a basket of major currencies, through Tuesday, boosting the silver trade.

In a clear shot toward China, he said currencies must be market-driven, 'so no nation has an unfair advantage. '

Setting out his ideas for a future world economy, Putin called for strong currencies and global regulations founded on international law.

When Thailand's central bank ran out of foreign exchange and had to let the baht plunge, other currencies fell as investors lost confidence.

'We will have to deal with four big and important currencies when looking at the next 10 years, ' he said.

Before 1914, Eichengreen says, the British pound, the French franc, and the German mark were all international currencies.

Purchasing foreign currency This man is purchasing foreign currencies with a pile of money in his hands.

Conversely, if peripheral Europe had not been tethered to the euro, its currencies would have fallen over the same period.

But the key to the dollar's weakness isn't just the yuan but the impact changes in its value seem to have on other currencies.

Likening strong fluctuations in global currencies to a rollercoaster ride, Mr Wen said China was not to blame for that volatility.

Mr. Erdogan said the two countries have also agreed to carry out their trade in their national currencies.

One of the main reasons for the strength of the European currencies this year is anticipation of a tightening of monetary policy by the ECB.

Until recently, the dollar was one of the most robust currencies around, surging against everything except the Japanese yen.

There is no doubt that the renminbi is not a free floating currency, but there is no international obligation to let all currencies float.

On Monday, federal regulators backed off a plan to place stricter limits on how much individual investors who trade currencies can borrow.

An important threshold consideration was whether reserve requirements would be applied to one currency or to all currencies.

I believe that over the next 10 years, we're going to see a profound shift toward a world in which several currencies compete for dominance.

But he said he would support a G7 joint statement on currencies to take the momentum out of the yen's recent rally.

If people can use foreign currencies officially, the FEC may become a useless paper, " said the bank manager. "

And that argues for parking at least a modest portion of your savings in foreign currencies with more solid fundamentals.

Just as dotcom stocks were driven to ridiculously high levels, currencies can get out of line with economic fundamentals.

Currencies are considered part of a country's monetary sovereignty, to be dealt with, if at all, by the International Monetary Fund.

As you know, China needs a growing amount of foreign currencies for its modernization program.

We expect currencies to be in a range and that the move over the past few months has shifted the USD to the lower end of our expected range.

The slumping dollar means that even as the yuan has strengthened against the greenback, it has continued to weaken against other currencies.

If Commerce made such a determination, it could assess levies on goods imported from China or other countries with undervalued currencies.

This, in turn, was one of the factors that contributed to the appreciation of the dollar relative to other major currencies.

In a euro-less Europe, its trading partners could have erased some of that advantage by devaluing their currencies.

Treasury Department may apply that label in a twice-a-year report on global currencies which is expected to be released on Friday.

If anything, the current 'currencies war' as Brazil's finance minister put it last week, is all making matters much, much worse.

Still, analysts said the risk factor driving currencies is likely to remain intact until the end of the year.

He said it would be wise to support the creation of strong regional currencies and use them as the basis, possibly also using gold.

It has run up to billions of U. S. dollars and billions in other currencies due to losses that incurred to global participants in the U.

The HKMA is certainly ready to respond if there appears to be market demand for similar clearing systems for other major currencies.

Apart from the bank tax, the general discussion of the world economy will focus on resolving global imbalances, and on currencies.

While this had no impact on currencies, it was the sole notable event of a very quiet session.

Currencies and governments are likely to go under, along with parts of the financial system we believed had been made safe.

There is currency risk, as it is not easy to convert renminbi to other currencies due to limitations set by the Chinese government.

The Asians learned their lesson and began stockpiling foreign currencies to protect themselves from a run on the bank.

It said that only Indonesia, South Korea and India had currencies that appeared to be slightly over-valued against the dollar.

The subjects covered are traditional: consumption, tax, currencies, inflation, that sort of thing.

Barclays Capital said in a report this week that it expects the yuan to appreciate 5% against a basket of currencies over the next year.

However, other countries are very reluctant to see their currencies appreciate and are resisting the fall of the US dollar.

Noda's comments came after a senior finance ministry official said Japan is ready to act decisively on currencies when needed.

The greenback has fallen to its lowest level in almost a year against a basket of currencies.

Asia also benefits from strong offshore inflows due to the undervalued nature of the region's currencies .

In terms of the enterprise, the cost of business is established for the benefit of the cost of access to the resources of currencies.

Finally, at least one oil exporter decided to invest reserve funds in other currencies.

Officials at the G20 summit, which concludes today, were trying to reconcile clashing views on currencies and current accounts.

Economies that issue reserve currencies are managing international liquidity without a sense of the collective good.

The cash flows that the counterparties make are generally tied to the value of debt instruments or to the value of foreign currencies.

Restoring the old currencies also would have been ruinously expensive at a time of already chronic deficits.

Investors reacted by retreating from riskier assets, punishing currencies like the euro and the British pound.

If the dollar's dominance is to end, two or more currencies are likely to share the crown.

In countries with floating currencies, looser monetary policy often (though not always) results in a weaker exchange rate.

But it is not stable to combine low yields, high deficits and governments that are happy to see their currencies depreciate.

A first step towards flexibility might be for China to peg the yuan to a basket of currencies rather than to the dollar.

Of course, once the recession hit, China's exports slowed, but not as much as those of countries that had not let their currencies rise.

NZD and AUD were the only major currencies to end the day higher against the USD, though both have given back some of their gains.

The question investors are asking now is, "How gold can be rallying when the U. S. dollar is so strong relative to other major currencies? "

Exchange rate as the relative price between the currencies in two countries, it affects the relative prices of the commodities inevitably.

An increased supply of yen relative to that of other currencies pushed down its price.

Currencies have been correlated to commodities, so when gold gave up its gains on Monday, so did the euro, he said.

Tired of trying to keep different currencies and currency conversion rates straight?

However, policy makers, at least since the 1960s, realised that the use of national currencies to manage the global economy is problematic.

The race to the bottom in fiat currencies has begun and hard assets, particularly gold and silver, should be the primary beneficiaries.

Do not attempt to modify the currency quotation methods for currencies linked to the euro.

A US company doing business around the world may appear to be a dollar exposure, but many costs and revenues may arise in other currencies.

Get a current All-In-One passbook or a debit card of the Bank and deposit certain amount of foreign currencies.

PPP measures show where currencies should end up in the long run.

It would pursue its move "with the utmost determination" and was prepared to buy foreign currencies in "unlimited quantities" .

If the company is connected to more than one consolidation structure, you must enter historical rates for these currencies as well.

Fiat currencies, backed by nothing more than the monetary authority, do not have an esteemed place in history for holding their value.

The debt impasse is merely providing investors with an excuse to add more exposure to nondollar currencies to their portfolios, he said.

But it has yet to make quite such a mess of their bonds, even those priced in their own currencies.

Meanwhile, Mr. Dai said, the yuan and other currencies of emerging economies will eventually become international currencies.

The Yugoslav dinar disappeared in a puff of hyperinflation, but the currencies that succeeded it did pretty well almost from the word go.

To boost yield, many funds do not hedge exchange-rate risk but exploit it by buying high-yielding currencies like the real.

China and Japan in particular have continued to purchase U. S. government debt, lest their currencies appreciate.

"Investors are beginning to acknowledge sterling's biggest depreciation against other European currencies since 1992, " Mr Bowers said.

The rules of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) generally do not recognise undervalued currencies as an illegal subsidy.

Can we continue to be competitive with the rest of Asia where currencies have depreciated so much.

It would be better to have a period of co-dominance between currencies, allowing for a smooth transition to a multi-currency regime.

And on Thursday , China added the Malaysian ringgit to a small group of currencies it allows to be traded directly against the yuan .

Capital flew out of them, forcing up the cost of raising debt and pushing down their currencies.

The value of the dollar compared to other leading world currencies has been a critical factor in U. S. manufacturing competitiveness.

A revaluation has costs. The huge stock of dollar assets held in the GCC would be worth less in terms of the home currencies.

The Bank of China is the only bank in Qufu to exchange foreign currencies.

A basket of the world's biggest currencies would seem to offer a more solid store of value than just one.

One idea, Zhou said, was to replace the dollar with a basket of currencies supervised by the International Monetary Fund.

Even so, Qu believes China's recent moves will raise the yuan to be among the top three currencies in global trade.

"I would respond flexibly to a joint statement on currencies, " he said.

But so far, policymakers have been reluctant to let currencies rise too fast.

Evaluate results for multiple countries, currencies and legal entities, each with its own accounting policies intact.

Investors continued to pile into gold as a safe haven from the tumult in paper currencies.

The paper also added that it was unclear that currencies "should await full convertibility to be allowed into the basket. "

The US dollar has been the king of currencies since the first world war, when it began to dethrone the pound sterling.

But countries with strong currencies regard devaluation by others as cheating, since it hurts the exports on which they depend so much.

Most major currencies started falling against the Dollar at the beginning of the Asian Session.

A year ago, most analysts agreed: the dollar could only go down against the euro and the other main currencies.

The biggest part of our activity contains of trading stocks and currencies in different markets with the money of our clients.

Metals in London also rose after the dollar dropped, reducing the purchasing cost for holders of other currencies.

He might have thrown in countries with even less significant currencies than Australia's, such as Costa Rica.

This was significantly the result of the weakness of major currencies against the US dollar.

"It is simply impossible to talk about taxes and the financial crisis without talking about currencies and the way they interact, " he said.

One worry was that although it makes sense for traders to buy currencies with fat yields, it may be dangerous past a certain point.

Indeed both currencies have edged off the bottom as the dust has cleared.

The dollar fell against other major currencies, while gold prices continued to hover near record highs.

ONCE upon a time, nations took pride in their strong currencies, seeing them as symbols of economic and political power.

Given sluggish domestic demand, most countries in the developed world would like to see their currencies depreciate.

At present, foreign funded banks and foreign funded financial companies are only allowed to do financial business in foreign currencies .

You may open an account in one of 5 base currencies, allowing you to avoid exposure to exchange risk when depositing and withdrawing funds.

But getting agreement on currencies, or any other issue that impinges on sovereignty, is tougher now the global financial crisis has ebbed.

They decided to protect themselves against the vagaries of global finance by accumulating vast claims on the issuers of reserve currencies.

And a collective effect of attempts to weaken currencies is to diminish confidence in fiat currencies as a whole.

To hedge against the possibility of a falling greenback, consider putting about 5% or so of your savings into foreign currencies.

We note that banking concerns extend the price move, as they have done for other currencies around the world.

In Asian currencies, the trend seems to be ever upwards.

Absolutely. Today we have our global head of fixed income, currencies and commodities in London.

While other nations' currencies devalued against the dollar inthe 2008 financial crisis, someeconomists note, the renminbi did not.

With the fading of the small centres that had specialised in bilateral trading between the former currencies, London dominated euro trading.

Zhou Xiaochuan, China's central bank governor, told the IMF meeting the focus on currencies was one-sided.

Emerging-markets currencies like the Brazilian real and Russian ruble are hobbled by concerns about inflation and political stability.

No doubt, this helped countries without reserve currencies cushion the impact.

With currencies playing an increasing role in the portfolios of the wealthy, banks are jostling for a piece of the yuan investment pie.

So why is the euro rising faster than other freely floating currencies such as the yen or, to a lesser extent, the pound?

Instead of all the futile bleating, what was needed was a co-ordinated appreciation of the the currencies of the emerging economies.

In this system, the central bank must be able to convert all the currencies issued into gold.

The PBOC hinted then that it was moving to a new currency regime that would focus more on guiding the yuan against a basket of currencies.

The long-term story for gold, however, is as a remonetisation play as investors lose faith in fiat currencies.

To the extent governments have traditionally held investment assets, it was to protect domestic currencies and banks from crisis.

It seems that all countries would like to see their currencies decline bar the Chinese who will only let the renminbi strengthen gradually.

As the innocent users of the currencies are paying for the bailouts, it is difficult not to be a liquidationist.

The overall direction of risk assets (including currencies) is unclear, but our analysis argues that Tuesday could be an important peak.

This leaves policymakers with little scope to deal with a sudden appreciation of their currencies against the dollar.

For these reasons, emerging economies must often raise interest rates in the teeth of a slowdown in an effort to defend their currencies.

Shanghai used to be a financial centre where different currencies were freely exchanged, and it should become so again.

said Utkan, who trades currencies two or three times a day for his personal account.

A number of governments, such as Japan's, are actively trying to push down their currencies, to make their exports more affordable.

One of those currencies may be the euro. Less heralded than the yen's fall against the dollar, has been its impact on euro strength.

The president also urged nations to let markets, not government edicts, determine the value of their currencies.

Visa fees are set centrally by the British Government in Pounds Sterling, and are converted into local currencies by British Posts overseas.

Economists agree that the euro is weaker against other major currencies than the German deutsche mark would be.

The dollar continued to rise against other currencies despite gloomy news from wall-street and the FED.

When countries on the gold standard suffered a shock they had to let the real economy, rather than their currencies, take the strain.

The consequence of this will be a hyperinflationary depression in many countries due to many currencies becoming worthless .

During the last crisis the Aussie and Kiwi were among the six weakest currencies, losing approximately 35%.

As borrowing rates in other countries began to rise last week, world stock markets slid and the euro lost value against other currencies.

'Now, it's in the debt of a variety of countries, on the assumption that some of their currencies may well gain versus the dollar.

Both the point card and the Q-coin have now become proxy currencies which have stable exchange rates to the RMB in online games.

Similarly, the SDR can merely provide a convenient way of holding a basket of currencies, and will not be an alternative reserve currency.

Countries with free-falling currencies, burst housing bubbles and a heavy reliance on finance and trade will also suffer.

The share count data add up to 200%, to reflect the fact that there are two currencies in each transaction.

It has bumped up the earnings of U. S. multinationals, because profits earned overseas in other currencies buy more dollars.

Many emerging markets, especially those in Asia and Latin America, have much to lose if the crisis over currencies is not solved quickly.

That collapse is not the result of countries imposing tariffs or devaluing currencies, as happened in the 1930s.

If I don't feel good about the dollar or other currencies, I'm putting my money in precious metals.

In response, many governments have been pushing back against the tide of money boosting their currencies.

The weak yen continued to exert downward pressure on regional currencies.

And with the global recovery so weak, nearly all countries have been complaining that their currencies are too strong.

In major currencies, the notion that reserve requirements might be placed on offshore deposits sounds strange to modern ears.

U. S. officials say conditions aren't ripe for a global accord on currencies like the 1985 Plaza accord to push the dollar down.

We view any strength seen in the European currencies during the next week as an opportunity to sell.

The USD, JPY and CHF will remain on the front foot whilst risk currencies will remain under pressure.

China talked at the time of using a basket of currencies, rather than the dollar, and letting its currency appreciate against the basket.

You can select the 48 currencies out of a list of more than 100, and display them in the order you want, on several pages.

A 'mutual exchange of information' among the countries would help protect local currencies, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said Tuesday.

When big currencies fluctuate, it is vulnerable to speculative transactions that take little account of economic fundamentals.

Most luxury companies find themselves with the majority of their costs in euros but up to 80 per cent of their revenues in other currencies.

Within days, Russia called for the yuan to be included in the basket of currencies that the IMF uses to determine the value of SDRs.

But over the next 10 years, the U. S. currency will be supplemented by the yen, the euro and the Chinese yuan as the key currencies.

Other currencies to watch out for include the Malaysian ringgit, Indonesian rupiah and Korean won, all at elevated levels themselves.

In the long run, however, the real risk of a dollar crisis is against the managed currencies of Asia and the Middle East.

Over the last three decades there have been five bouts of co-ordinated intervention in the major currencies.

Well, currencies float. They are bound to be sometimes overvalued and sometimes undervalued.

We have seen how there has been a rotation of the primary 'risk off' currencies this year.

The dollar has dropped against the Japanese yen, Australian dollar and most Asian currencies since the stock market bottom in March.

This non-linearity applies to currencies' values, too: the likelihood of a crash escalates as a currency becomes ever dearer.

Backing paper currencies with gold at a fixed rate, as its countries had done before the war, seemed to offer Europe a return to prosperity.

But multiple reserve currencies or greater use of gold are not the only long-term ideas for reform of the international system.

The report urged Beijing to let its currency rise both against the dollar and currencies of other major trading partners.

A system in which currencies have no fixed parities and exchange rates. Prices are determined by supply and demand in the free market.

The currencies of countries with full war chests did not depreciate; some rose.

We like owning commodity currencies as they should continue to be supported by rising commodity prices in anticipation of QE.

The authors first examine returns to a simple carry trade for a set of ten rich-country currencies between 1986 and 2008.

For the rest, however, bloated reserves now look more like a liability, especially if local currencies appreciate.

It is little comfort that the dollar is still the least worst of the major fiat currencies.

Governments respond when these funds distort, or seem to, the value of currencies.

Policymakers also fear that this flood of capital could lead to asset-price bubbles and overvalued currencies.

Interest-rate increases in Brazil or India or Australia or wherever will strengthen those currencies against the U. S. dollar.

"Currencies do not instantaneously adjust. You don't get big step appreciation, central banks would restrict it, " he says.

As the dollar has fallen, investors lately have flocked to the metal, which has traditionally served as an alternative to paper currencies.

Others may be tempted to argue, like the Swiss, that they have technical reasons to weaken their currencies.

'We have multiple fora' for dealing with currencies issues, she said. 'I wouldn't fuss about a new setting.

The currency or currencies in which payments shall be made to the Supplier under this Contract shall be specified in the SCC.

Will our grandchildren inherit a world with a huge number of national currencies, or a very small number of multi-country currencies?

But as Asian currencies appreciate, against the euro as well as the dollar, and European economies slow, that will change.

So far, there has been too little movement of the dollar against the major currencies to really test the operation of China's new regime.

After 1971, currencies began to float against one another.

The bill would require the U. S. to impose tariffs and other penalties on countries that failed to address misaligned currencies.

So , in the meantime , residents demand for foreign currencies is likely to be higher than would otherwise be the case .

"But it's totally undesirable for a country to intervene consistently to keep currencies at a certain level. "

The wall of money is causing policy headaches, pushing up currencies and hurting exporters.

Nowadays however. national currencies are considered to be as strong as the national economies which support them.

Curiously the crunch has not shaken faith in two currencies favoured by yield-hungry investors: the Brazilian real and Turkish lira.

SDRs are based on a basket of the major tradable currencies and can be used for transactions between governments.

Yet the renminbi is still widely regarded as undervalued against the currencies of its trading partners.

Prudent emerging economies have taken advantage of a growing acceptance of their currencies.

The layouts of the guest bill can be customized, and the program can be set up for any currencies, taxes, and gratuities .

Officials from both Switzerland and Japan have ratcheted up the intervention rhetoric as their respective currencies continue to ascend.

Soaring Asian currencies and economies are among the fastest expanding in the world explain some of the deal frenzy.

Diversification into European currencies would be a mistake from both a Chinese and systemic standpoint.

They take advantage of trends across a wide range of asset classes, including equities and currencies as well as raw materials.

But the issues that divide them have led officials to quash expectations of a breakthrough on the top issues of currencies and trade.

They must also deal with a variety of demanding regulators and cope with volatile currencies and commodities.

Through 1993, however, the rouble area imploded: new currencies came into play from Armenia to Azerbaijan and from Belarus to Georgia.

But emerging economies like China insist on keeping their own currencies cheap against the dollar, to help their exports.

Where the turnover of the taxpayer is settled in currencies other than Renminbi, it shall be converted into Renminbi for computation.

Analysts argue that currencies could be moving into a new trading pattern, with the euro set to underperform when risk is on.

But he added that swings in currencies were a problem for most international manufacturers, and that they had to cope as best they could.

And remember, these other economies have had their currencies devalued substantially.

Critics have long argued that China should let the value of its money rise freely against the value of the dollar and other currencies.

Since the start of this year, gold prices have risen 5% as the dollar's value against a basket of major currencies has increased 8%.

SAP system allows the user to several currencies as a functional one of accounting and calculating in the meantime.

Gold is seen as a lasting store of value, which doesn't erode like that of currencies.

The dollar's value in terms of other major currencies is about the same now as it was three years ago.

The dollar fell against other currencies after the Fed minutes came out as traders anticipated another reduction in U. S. interest rates.

Foreign exchange reserves -- central bank holdings of foreign currencies -- have risen sharply since the crisis.

Away from commodity-linked currencies, the potential effects on other major currencies seem less than certain.