counter cyclical

After subprime crisis, dynamically counter-cyclical policy seems to be one of important measures to reduce credit proeyclicality.

"That's how you can look at a counter-cyclical stock, it is not going to work as well in a strong economy, " Chang said.

Nations with sound structural positions should be prepared "to apply counter-cyclical policies if conditions warrant" .

Finance is not the only area in which Beijing's ability to launch a counter-cyclical economic stimulus has ebbed.

And the plan seems to favour counter-cyclical capital requirements too, which would brake lending growth in credit booms.

To retain counter-cyclical fiscal policy as an option in the next recession, the debt ratio will have to fall.

Counter-cyclical policy of that sort should complement regulation of companies and broader macroeconomic policy.

Its off-budget funds may give it scope to run a counter-cyclical fiscal policy for a while.

But both these methods disregard the fact that increased ad spending or counter-cyclical advertising can increase current sales.

Few governments have room for manoeuvre through an old-fashioned counter- cyclical fiscal stimulus.

Future taxpayers will, inevitably, still bear most of the cost of counter-cyclical government spending.

This smooths banks' profits over the cycle, making their capital positions "counter-cyclical" .

As Willem Buiter of the London School of Economics puts it, only fiscal conservatives can use counter-cyclical fiscal policy well.

Also, domestic demand in the region was relatively resilient, having been cushioned by counter-cyclical macroeconomic policies.

And governments used fiscal policy in a counter-cyclical, discretionary manner.

It is the first time to put forward the Counter Cyclical Strategy theory focusing on the researches of the shipping company.

Regulation should also be counter- cyclical.

The challenge then is to make bank capital requirements "counter-cyclical" in the jargon.

Mr Rogoff, after all, had a point: counter-cyclical policies are tricky.

In fact, deans and admissions directors commonly say that demand for MBA courses is counter-cyclical.

Periphery governments will also need long-term financing to enable them to engage in counter-cyclical fiscal policies.

"They tend to be counter-cyclical, " says Mr Ratha.

"Excess reserves" , US dollars and even gold are now seen as extremely useful, counter-cyclical tools for future crises.

Germany's finance minister has ruled out new counter-cyclical measures.

Certain counter-cyclical spending is vital on social grounds.

And it would have a valuable counter-cyclical effect: Homeowners repurchasing mortgages help moderate upward pressure on interest rates.

on counter-cyclical monetary responses that reinforce the negative relationship between

A Latin American country softens recession with counter-cyclical policies