culm

And one morning he found a small chunk of bamboo culm that had three short branches sticking out of it.

Culm length and its CRI were affected by a few major genes, and these traits had high narrow-sense heritability.

However, the increasing rate of the culm biomass in reproductive period was 1. 13 times of that in vegetative period.

The straight culms, interesting culm sheath auricles, and pendulous foliage make this species suitable as an ornamental.

Leaves usually large relative to culm, in palmate arrangement, transverse veins distinct, margins with substantial necrosis in winter.

Panicle branches in whorls of up to 8, with branchlets almost to base; lower culm internodes and sheaths villous.

Mid-culm bud broadly ovoid, bud scale thick, initially closed at front, branch sheathing reduced, several branch initials becoming visible.

sheath scar with a densely fulvous tomentose ring and persistent culm sheath base.

Culm sheaths thickly leathery, brown, smooth, glossy, with dark brown hairs; culm internodes glaucous, white hispid.

sheath scars usually with a ring of pubescence or persistent base of culm sheath.

Lower internodes of culms with longitudinally arranged, stiff hairs; culm sheath apically broadly arched; auricles dissimilar, not reflexed.

blade readily deciduous, reflexed, rarely erect, linear-lanceolate, articulate with apex of culm sheath.

Culm sheath apically broadly convex, without protuberance on each shoulder; auricles well developed, ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate.

Branches many, central dominant, approaching size of culm, others short and subequal.

Culm sheaths with obscure transverse veins; basal culm internodes cylindrical.

blade reflexed, green or purple-brown, narrowly linear-lanceolate, strongly crinkled or flat in upper culm.

Culm sheath auricles subequal; culm internodes with purple stripes initially.

Plant taller, with thinner culms. Culm sheath ligule much shorter, not fimbriate; leaves smaller.

blade broad, amplexicaul, base truncated rounded to cordate, about as wide as apex of culm, apex acuminate.

Culm sheath blade linear-lanceolate; ligule extremely short, nearly absent.

Culm sheath blade nearly rounded, not amplexicaul; leaf blade abaxially pale green, glabrous; culm not white powdery, glabrous.

Culm sheath auricles inconspicuous; sheath apex truncate.

Culm sheaths without auricles and oral setae, uniformly thickly white powdery.

Culm sheaths densely hairy, margins ciliate; root thorns short, robust, dense.

sheath scar conspicuous, yellow-brown hispid, with persistent base of culm sheath.

Generally levels of hormones were highest in culm, followed by sheaths and leaves the lowest .

2 (1) Culm sheaths densely strigose, apex strongly concave with a triangular projection on both flanks.

blade reflexed at culm base, linear, slightly hairy, margins serrulate.

Basal internodes of culm not swollen into globose corms; nodes usually glabrous.

blade erect, triangular to linear-triangular, width nearly equal to apex of culm sheath.

Culm sheath auricles partly covered by blade base, the larger oblong with rounded ends.

24 (23) Culm sheaths with a triangular protuberance on higher shoulder, blade not narrowed at base.

Culms subscandent, nodal sheath scars often with corky collar; spikelets pendulous; culm sheaths adaxially distally glabrous.

Culm sheaths glabrous, or apex sparsely setose on both sides; ligule arcuate.

Culms self-supporting, nodal sheath scars without corky collar; spikelets not pendulous; culm sheath adaxially distally scabrid.

Culm sheaths thin; glumes and lemma densely glaucous, sparsely puberulous or nearly glabrous.

Branches many, dominant branch often replacing main culm.

Larger culm sheath auricle not slanted downward, not tapering.

Lower culm internodes without colored stripes.

Culm sheath auricles without oral setae; blade glabrous.

Branches several, dominant central branch very well developed, especially on older pendulous culms where branches can approach size of culm.

Culm sheaths shortly tomentose with stiff, dull brown hairs.

Culm sheath white pubescent and sparsely light brown setose.

Pedicels pilose; nodes, culm apex and leaf blades densely hairy.

Branches many from basal nodes, main ones slightly dominant at mid-culm.

Culms white hairy initially; culm sheath oral setae scarce.

Culms taller. Culm sheaths basally glabrous. Leaf blade completely green.

Culm sheath apically leathery, drying and splitting on culm, blade tiny, drying when young.

Culm sheaths auricles long, falcate; leaf blade abaxially hairy along both sides of midrib.

Culm sheath base and margins with sparse, stiff, dull brown hairs.

Branches many at mid-culm, central 3 dominant, swollen at base, branchlets of lower branches sometimes shortened into weak thorns.

Culms initially hispid; culm sheaths with small, reflexed auricles; stigma 1.

Branchlets of lower branches normal, leafy; culm sheath blade deciduous.

Basal internodes of culm swollen into globose corms.

Culms glabrous; culm sheaths oral setae absent.

14 (13) Culm sheaths with light green or white stripes, yellow-brown, later becoming fulvous, veinlets distinct, purple.

Culm sheath apically papery, drying but not split on culm, blade broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, leaflike.

Culm sheaths auricles shorter, subfalcate; leaf blade abaxially hairy along only one side of midrib.

Culm sheaths initially hirsute, base densely brown crinite, leaf ligules ca. 1 mm.

Culms solid; culm sheath auricles elliptic; culm sheath oral setae radiate, ca. 5 mm.

culm solid or nearly so, cavity with lamellate pith.

11 (10) Larger culm sheath auricle slanted downward along sheath margin, gradually tapering.

Rhizome, culm, and culm sheath unknown.

Culm sheath ligule entire at apex. Leaf blade abaxially glabrous.

Branches usually absent toward culm base, usually 3 co-dominant.

Culm sheath auricles subequal, not covered by base of blade; sheath apically subtruncate.

Dendrocalamus parishii (species no. 16) could not be included in the following key because its culm sheaths are not known.

Branches arising from basal 3rd or 4th node up; larger auricle of culm sheath oblong, not tapering.

34 (33) Mid-culm internodes terete or rarely slightly sulcate above single branches.

7 (6) Culms initially glabrous but pruinose, culm sheaths glabrous or with sparse setae.

Culm sheaths with dense, stiff, brown hairs, ligule ca. 2 mm.

7 (6) Culm sheaths with deciduous, red-brown, stiff hairs, ligule fimbriate.

Apex of culm sheath ligule sharply toothed or 2-toothed.

Culm sheath ligule arcuate, ca. 10 mm, auricles oval to elliptical, oral setae ca. 10 mm.

Spikelets 3-awned (from upper glume and both lemmas); lower glume scabrid, apex 2-cleft; nodes of culm pubescent.

Mid-culm branches 4 or 5; subequal, without secondary branching.

2 (1) Culm sheaths nearly symmetrical, apex arched-convex.

18 (17) Culm sheath apically slightly asymmetrically arched-convex, usually glabrous or with stiff, dark brown hairs near base.

According to legend, namely 600 years ago in yuan and Ming, zhu jie culm and up against the world.

5 (4) Culm sheaths brown-red, with darker spots, oily-glossy.

Culm sheath blades erect; leaves 1 or 2 per ultimate branch.

2 (1) Ligules of culm sheath and leaf sheath long ciliate.

23 (22) Mid-culm branches 2, unequal, with secondary branching.

Improved culm diameter dramatically is worth practicing and continuing to study of lodging-resistant breeding.

15 (14) Mid-culm branches 1 per node, about as thick as culm.

8 (7) Nodes of culm pubescent.

22 rice cultivars was used to study the relationship between culm traits and lodging resistance and yield factor.

"Brittle culm" mutants found in Gramineae crops are suitable materials to study the mechanism of secondary cell wall formation.

Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, hispid, base of outer margin usually with an arrow like expansion below point of attachment;

Culm sheaths yellow-brown, tinged with red, base with a corky ring, densely strigose or with imprints left by fallen hairs;

Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, ribbed-striate when dry, glabrous, margins densely ciliate, apex slightly asymmetrical, broadly arched;

Culm sheaths persistent, irregularly brown spotted, triangular, leathery, white powdery, densely brown hairy, margins long ciliate;

Culm sheaths deciduous, shorter than internodes, papery, veins prominent, transverse veinlets purple-brown, margins ciliate;

Culm sheaths yellow-brown when dry, rectangular, leathery, glabrous, distal margins densely yellow ciliolate, apex asymmetrical;

Culm sheath persistent, triangularly narrowly rounded, leathery, base sparsely purple-brown setose, margins purple setose;

Culm sheaths persistent, brown or gray spotted, longer than internodes, papery, initially sparsely brown or yellow setose, margins ciliate;

Culm sheaths initially green, light brown when dried, unspotted, striate, narrowly elongated, setose, margins ciliate;

Culm sheaths deciduous, asymmetrical, leathery, initially with brown tuberculate hairs, apex concave;

Culm sheath persistent, narrowly rounded, glabrous or sparsely yellow-brown setose, longitudinal ribs prominent;

Culm sheaths narrowly triangular, longer than internodes, brown setose, densely so at base, margins ciliate, auricles and oral setae absent;

Relationships among basal culm width of rice seedlings and growth and development as well as yield of single- cropping

Culm sheaths gradually deciduous, green, about as long as internodes or slightly longer, leathery, sparsely setose, margins withered;

Culm sheaths green, brown spotted or not, base subglabrous, margins brown ciliate, apex broad and concave;

Culm sheaths yellow-green, glabrous, white powdery and densely brown strigose, especially densely so at base, margins ciliate in lower culm;

Culm sheaths deciduous, apex slightly asymmetrical, broadly arched, stiffly dark brown strigose near central base;

Genetic and Molecular Analysis of the Brittle-culm Mutant Rice Plant Formed Through Insertion of T-DNA Carrying Ds Element

Culm sheaths deciduous, thinly leathery, initially white powdery, silky hairy, apex later glabrous, concave;

Culm sheaths readily deciduous, green or yellow when dry, unspotted, shorter than internodes, glabrous or sparsely setose;

Culm sheaths brown scabrous, distally purple-brown spotted, lower portion very tough, upper papery and thin, margins glabrous;

Culm sheaths yellow-brown, densely purple spotted, leathery, base setose, margins yellow-white, shortly ciliate;

The Dynamic Changes of Acid Phosphatase during the Fiber Development in Phyllostachys edulis Culm

Culm sheaths brown to gray-green, with dense, variably sized spots forming a cloud on distal portion, thinly white powdery, brown strigose;

Culm sheaths persistent, shorter than internode, base very tough, apex papery, with stiff, dark brown or black, appressed hairs;

Culm sheaths variable in color, densely glaucous, sparsely setose, nearly glabrous on small culms or at culm apex, margins ciliate;

Culm sheaths deciduous, trapezoid, initially thinly white powdery, glabrous, asymmetrically arched, apex slanted along outer side;

Culm sheaths persistent, base very tough, thinly white tomentose, brown hirsute centrally and on distal margins;

Culm sheaths deciduous, broadly flabellate, thickly leathery, apex narrow, brown setose;

Culm sheaths somewhat persistent, ribbed-striate when dry, mostly glabrous, pubescent only below blade, apex asymmetrically triangular;

Culm sheaths persistent, light yellow-brown, narrowly rounded, leathery, glabrous;

Culm sheaths brown-green or dark brown, with scattered, variably sized spots and purple stripes, white powdery, glabrous;

Culm sheaths glossy, mainly glabrous but distally sparsely white hairy and white powdery, margins long brown ciliate;

Culm sheaths deciduous, initially with patches or stripes of dark brown hairs, margins ciliate, apex slightly arched;

Culm sheaths light yellow-green, proximally sparsely brown setose and slightly powdery, margin ciliate;

Culm sheaths fulvous, shorter than internodes, prominently ridged with purple veinlets;

A Study on the Law of Variation in Fiber Morphology of Chimonobambusa quadrangulavis Culm- wood

Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, leathery, densely stiffly dark brown hairy toward base, apex truncate;

Culm sheaths deciduous, thickly leathery, densely hispid, apex slightly concave;

Culm sheaths drying entire on culms, initially yellow-green, leathery, densely brown or dark brown hairy, apex papery;

Culm sheaths purple-green, shorter than internode, leathery, white tomentose and dark brown hairy, base corky;

Studies on Developmental Genetics of the Culm-sheath Dry Matter Weight in Three-line Indica Hybrid Rice

Bamboo Culm Rust Control Trial and Its Popularizing Application

Culm sheaths deciduous, thickly leathery, rigid, glossy, glabrous, apex slightly asymmetrically arched;

Culm sheaths deciduous, sparsely stiffly brown hairy, margins ciliate, apex truncate;

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Dominant Long-culm Mutant in Rice

Genetic analysis of the number of spikelet per panicle and culm traits in three-lineindica hybrid rice

Culm sheaths deciduous, stiffly dark brown hairy, apex asymmetrical, broadly arched;

Culm sheaths orange-yellow, glaucous, with scattered clumps of readily deciduous, brown setae;

Culm sheaths light green, slightly lustrous, base light brown setose, otherwise glabrous;

Effects of Waterlogging on Accumulation and Redistribution of Water Soluble Carbohydrate Metabolism in Culm of Wheat

Culm sheaths deciduous, thickly papery, nearly glabrous or sparsely yellow-brown setose;

Reason of getting quickly worse of sheath and culm blight of rice in Tangshan City and measures of prevention and control

Culm sheaths deciduous, initially yellow-green striped, glabrous or with stiff, brown hairs near inner margin and base, apex subtruncate;

Culm sheaths deciduous, glabrous, apex obliquely truncate;

Culm sheaths purple-green, about as long as internodes, glabrous or puberulent at base, margins ciliate;

Culm sheaths slightly persistent, ribbed-striate when dry, abaxially glabrous, apex obliquely truncate and arched;

Annuals or perennials. Culm bases infrequently swollen, or with bulbous sheath bases;

Preliminary Report on Artificial Formative Technology for Bamboo Culm

Culm sheaths deciduous, densely stiffly brown hairy, margins ciliate, apex asymmetrically convex;

Study on Dominant Morphological Properties and Lodging Resistance of Culm in Hybrid Rice

Culm sheaths purple-green, densely speckled, deciduously strigose, margins glabrous;

Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery, initially with dark brown, spiny hairs;

Relationship between culm traits and lodging resistance of rice cultivars

Culm sheaths yellow-green with purple-green base, brown strigose, margins ciliate;

Effects of Planting Density on Characters of Culm and Culm Lodging Resistant Index in Winter Wheat

The variation tendency of chemical composition contents in Dendrocalamus latiflorus culm-wood

Space between the nodes of a culm

Culm sheaths brown, leathery, papery and split at apex, densely brown or dark brown hairy;

Culm sheaths green, purple striped, margins yellow-brown, deciduously strigose;

The Selection on Excellent Culm and Shoot-producing Bamboo Species in Sichuan

Culm sheath pale green, slightly glaucous, deciduously tomentellate at base and margins;

Studies on Phenotype Hereditary Genetics of Thick Culm Wall of Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloen

Leaf sheaths dense at culm base, terminal sheath reaching panicle;

Culm sheaths deciduous, glabrous, apex subtruncate, with a triangular protuberance on one shoulder;

Culm sheaths straw-colored when dry, deciduously densely hispid, margins ciliate;

Development of Bamboo Shoot and Culm Processing in North Fujian Province and the Countermeasures

Culm sheaths deciduous, glabrous, apically asymmetrically arched, one side slanted, other side arched;

Culm Angle Analysis and Standard Record of Rice Varieties

Anatomical Studies on the Culm and Variation of Dendrocalamus sinicus

Culm sheaths light green, glabrous except at base;

The Culm Lodging Resistance of Heavy Panicle Type of Rice

Culm sheaths green or yellow-brown, basally suboblong, leathery, sparsely setose, apex broad;

Leaves crowded at base of culm, overlapping;

Research Advances in Brittle Culm Mutant of Rice

Study on the Structure of Culm Form of Bambusa wenchouensis

branching from base. Branches solitary at basal ca. 3 nodes, 3 on mid-culm, many on upper culms with primary dominant;

The Effect of Weather Factors on the Culm Growth of Moso Bamboo

Sheath and culm blight of rice