chromosome

In mammals, females are XX while males are XY so a woman should never be able to provide the necessary Y chromosome genes to produce a son.

and male carp in Asia and Central centromere is only a reaction with C along the chromosome, the male goldfish as well.

When the DNA was methylated the chromosome was able to be successfully transplanted into a wild type species of M. capricolum.

Known as the centromere, the middle space between the two arms of the Y chromosome is key to its health.

The reason why the early abortion is often lacking, the performance corpus luteum thyroid performance beneath, chromosome special, etc.

We did not know the correct human chromosome number in 1955, let alone were we able to detect a chromosomal abnormality.

The cell prepares for meiosis just as it does for mitosis. But as the DNA condenses, each chromosome finds its homologous counterpart.

This syndrome is the result of an unbalanced translocation resulting in a deletion of the distal end of the short arm of the X chromosome.

The rapid decline of the Y chromosome seems to have ground to a halt at least tens of millions of years ago.

One of the factors affected the result of chromosome automatic analysis system is the abnormal chromosome detection and processing.

Down's syndrome mice have had a whole human chromosome added to their genome to help researchers learn more about the illness.

Gloria Steinem, the founder of Ms magazine, says that "Palin shares nothing but a chromosome with Clinton" .

The standard practice is to call the entire structure a chromosome and each of its strands a sister chromatid.

pertaining to the dense specialized portion of a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis.

The present paper also found that the pollen size of these species might have certain correlationship with their chromosome numbers.

But for a son, he can only get the X chromosome from his mother.

Such a clearing mechanism that operates along mitotic chromosomes might require proteins that are implicated in chromosome segregation.

It is suggested that this chromosome region can be a candidate for fine mapping of QTLs related to root and grain yield traits.

One of these anticancer barriers is the telomere, a specialized nucleoprotein complex that caps the ends of eukaryotic chromosome.

Human artificial chromosome(HAC) will solve some critical problems of gene therapy if it was used as the vector for gene therapy.

Depending on whether an embryo has a Y sex chromosome or two X's, during week seven it starts developing into a boy or a girl.

Previous research had suggested that the differences in the DNA of each strain were concentrated on only parts of the insect's chromosome s.

The majority of the regenerated plants, are normal diploids , only a few have chromosome number or structure variations.

Chromosome numbers which deviate from the normal number of chromosomes for a species are said to be heteroploid.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens contains a plasmid, a circular piece of DNA separate from the bacterial chromosome, known as the Ti plasmid.

A chromosome , by the way , is just a piece of inert chemical material .

Here mainly to explain the mechanism of premature senility, decided life of cells as a key material -- chromosome ends of the telomere.

He had experienced a particularly dramatic mutation, in which a piece of chromosome 5 had been swapped with a piece of chromosome 7.

X chromosome mosaicism is not the only genetic difference between males and females.

The sperm with the Y chromosome were leaner and faster and could swim down to the bottom of the tube more efficiently.

Chromosome material with exhibits of such behaviour is called heterochromatin.

Mutation involves flipping a single bit of a chromosome.

Chromosome image analysis is one of the essential tasks in cytogenetics, especially in genetic syndrome diagnosis.

Diploid - Having two copies of every chromosome, one from each parent.

The chromosome unsatisfied constraint condition is called lethal chromosome.

Researchers say that those extra copies change the chromosome's structure, shutting off the whole region so it cannot be used.

If so, there could be a familial genetic disorder called fragile X, in which a certain portion of the X chromosome is abnormal.

The bacteriophage's genome (entire collection of genes) enters the chromosome of the host bacterium and replicates together with it.

Conclusions Sex chromosome abnormality is one of the main factors of primary amenorrhea.

Chromosome walking techniques are commonly used for cloning the known flanking sequence.

Conclusion FISH technique could be used for detecting the HBV integration on the hepatocellular chromosome.

Chromosome --- One of the threadlike structures in the cell nucleus; consists of chromatin and carries genetic information (DNA).

It was concluded that the gene relating to producing sauce flavor might be lie on chromosome instead of plasmids.

Euploidy The normal state in which an organism's chromosome number is an exact multiple of the haploid number characteristic of the species.

Gray code was adopted to encode chromosome. A method to determine the length of chromosome is present.

The works mainly comprise the body cells, cell fusion, nuclear transplantation, cell uptake and the reorganization of chromosome segment.

An aneuploid state in which a third homologous chromosome is present in addition to the normal autosomal pair is called trisomy.

The reason why women are more robust appears to be microRNAs - short strands of RNA encoded on the chromosome, scientists believe.

The distances are additive along the length of the chromosome .

Conclusion: Most individuals with chromosome karyotype 45, XO can differentiate to female, but a few can differentiate to male.

Conclusion Chromosome abnormality is one of the causes of spontaneous abortions.

The interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes of the species were found to be of the complex chromosome type and interstitial type.

This process reached its peak within the first approximately 90 million years of sex chromosome evolution and then leveled off.

Because these genes are carried on the X-chromosome, they are subject to a process known as X-chromosome inactivation.

Atypical dysplasia cervical cells transforms to the cervical cancer almost all associated with the long arm of chromosome 3 amplification.

The X chromosome is shown here in a condensed state, as it would appear in a cell that's going through mitosis.

Conclusion Chromosome examinations are of great significance for disease diagnosis and differentiation, guiding cli. . .

It has three main types, one of which is the chromosome disorder. The paper analyses the cause and effect of the chromosome disorder.

Next, during anaphase, the two sister chromatids of each chromosome split, and one from each pair is drawn toward each pole of the cell.

Chris Hammond , at King's College, London, found one section of DNA on chromosome 15 was more common in people with myopia .

Objective: To investigate the relationships between the recrudescence abortion and chromosome aberration.

Conclusion: WTTK6 cell was more sensitive to the chromosome damage induce . . .

The DNA analyses also show that only a small part of a chromosome was transferred.

A core set of Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci have been selected for use in human identification applications.

were obtained due to the chromosome elimination of pollen parent quickly and completely during the heterozygote development.

It is now clear that the Y chromosome is by far the most rapidly evolving part of the human and chimp genomes.

The Y chromosome has long been thought of as a stagnant part of the genome, where genes are slowly decaying in males of all species.

Over millions of years of evolution the Y chromosome, the biological keeper of all things male, has withered and shrunk.

Objective Investigate the relation between severe oligospermia and chromosome translocation, chromosome polymorphism.

Conclusion: The abnormality of chromosome is one of reasons of self-generating abortion, thus, usual chromosome examinati. . .

The location of a gene (e. g. a developmental gene which has been mutated) on a chromosome can be identified using the technique of mapping.

Abnormal chromosome-related malformations mainly included multi-malformation, heart malformation, fetal edema and digestive malformation.

There is already a precedent for this in nature, in the form of a Japanese spiny rat which has survived the loss of its Y chromosome.

Brilliant chromosome images have been presented, where each chromosome homolog is depicted in a different color.

Under the general term genetic system we include the mode of reproduction of the species, its chromosome cycle.

Having a chromosome number that is not a whole-number multiple of the haploid chromosome number for that species.

Graham Moore of the John Innes Centre in Norwich is targeting part of a chromosome called Ph1 which ensures wheat genes pair up correctly.

This report mainly describe the SNPs and Y-chromosome SNPs characteristics and its potential applications to the forensic medicine.

Bone marrow tests (aspiration and biopsy) are often done to confirm the diagnosis and to look for chromosome abnormalities.

Methods: The chromosome aberrations and the rate of micronuclei in peripheral lymphocytes were examined.

Transfer of a segment of DNA to a new position on the same or another chromosome , plasmid, or cell .

For some reason, something can trigger the "restore" button and the chromosome is restored with an archival version of the gene.

The paper explored the origin and differentiation of the mulberry silkworm ( Bombyx mori) from the chromosome variation point of view.

DeWoody said that this is an unusual finding, since species within a single genus often have the same chromosome number.

Absence of a Y chromosome would probably mean the fetus is female, but could mean that fetal DNA was not found in that sample.

and crossovers on the X chromosome often did not occur.

Methods: Gathers the patient peripheral blood to carry on cultivating, to make chromosome G-banding and karyotype analysis.

The presence of one or more markers, however, may increase the chance for a chromosome disorder or other genetic syndrome.

Objective To investigate the main clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of rare chromosome aberration in peripheral blood.

Chromosome regions where the two groups differ in their haplotype frequencies might contain genes affecting the disease.

Chromosome regions where the two groups differ in their haplotype frequencies might contain genes affecting the disease.

Appropriate breeding of the positive mice will yield a mouse in which both copies (one on each chromosome) of the gene are inactivated .

Telomeres, the DNA-protein complexes located at the end of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, are essential for chromosome stability.

However, a direct link between CSR and chromosome translocations has not been established.

Sometimes there may be abnormalities in the X chromosome in only some cells in the body.

The genetic behavior of an agropyron intermedium chromosome conferring BYDV resistance in wheat background.

However, for the ultimate demise of the Y chromosome of the time the scientific community there are still enormous controversy.

cereale, dividual chromosome cannot be distinguished by common morphological methods.

Because meiosis, so that each type of organism from generation to generation are able to maintain the diploid chromosome number.

Single primer PCR was a method of chromosome walking to isolate sequences flanking a known DNA sequence with only one primer.

A fuzzy neural networks consisting of two nets was applied to chromosome recognition in this paper.

This technique is simple and convenient to prepare the chromosome of other fishes or other animals for FISH.

The creation of human chromosome maps for DNA markers that would allow the location of genes to be found.

During the clinical and scientific research of cell genetics, the analysis of chromosome is an important task.

The male-specific Y chromosome is a prime genetic suspect in AAA development, possibly acting as an independent risk factor.

The mn-PCE and mn-NCE are more sensitive indexes for revealing biological effects of radiation as compared with the chromosome aberration.

Cytological studies were conducted on pollen mother cells(PMCs)meiosis of autotetraploid broccoli using chromosome preparation technique.

These translocation lines were generated from homologous chromosome pairing, or mis-division and reconstruction of univalent chromosomes.

Recent studies have revealed mechanistic parallels between imprinted X-chromosome inactivation and autosomal imprinting.

Crossover involves splitting two chromosomes and then combining one-half of each chromosome with the other pair.

The gene of the choice is proposed to be in the W chromosome determining sex in birds.

We start with these fragments, and then we have a homologous recombination system that reassembles those into a chromosome.

The absence of the Y chromosome in the developing female fetus deposits the cells in a similar location and voila - the G-spot.

In a few cases, women may have two distinct green cones on either X chromosome.

So far, more than 20 babies have been born using the screening programme, which checks for chromosome abnormalities.

Telomerase adds TTAGGG repeats onto mammalian chromosome ends, replenishing the terminal sequence loss incurred during DNA replication.

Meiosis, which usually precedes spore or, sometimes, gamete formation, halves the chromosome number to produce haploid gametes .

"Jinguihuishengyi" and "Jinguijihuodang" do not cause mouse testis germ cell chromosome abnormal change.

I got the rest of the labs back. They did a chromosome analysis of the tissue. You won't believe this.

The result of micronucleus and testis chromosome assay were negative.

Recent genome analyses reveal a heterogeneous picture of the sex-chromosome-to-autosome diversity ratio in different organisms.

Many of the words they used were unfamiliar to me, and I figured I'd have to have a Y chromosome to really understand the excitement.

Objective: To investigate the presence of Y chromosome in hydatidiform mole (HM) and its genetic significance.

These aberrations include both gains and losses of chromosomes (or chromosome regions) as well as translocations.

The second compartment (ovarian amenorrhea) commonly include chromosome anomaly, resistance ovarian syndrome and premature ovarian failure.

Including cell fusion technology, cell transplantation, chromosome engineering and tissue culture.

The formation of unreduced gametes leads to spontaneous chromosome doubling, which has a great significance in the origin of common wheat.

Alien chromosome haboringing resistance genes can be introduced into wheat by addition, substitution and translocation.

Again, the existence of actin in chromosomes (chromosome scaffolds) was also studied in situ by immuno-electron microscopy.

BACKGROUND & AIM: To investigate the relationship between chromosome aberration of human spermatozoa and genital tract infection.

But many primates , including humans, hae a third photopigment, encoded by a second gene on the X chromosome.

Jin Nakatani, Kota Tamada, and their colleagues duplicated the corresponding fragment of a mouse chromosome.

Objective: To investigate the roles of the chromosome aberrations and fragile sites in the nasopharyngeal cancer( NPC) family.

In relation, a marker is any location on a chromosome where inheritance can be identified and tracked.

No correlation was found between G C content and gene density along the chromosome, and their variations are random.

At anaphase I and telophase I, chromosome nondisjunction and degenerated spindle formation resulted in multiple uneven spore production.

Methods Chromosome preparations were made from peripheral blood of the healthy volunteers in the conventional manner.

Haploid refers to the gametophyte chromosome number an individual has, but does not equate to monoploid.

Methods: Chromosome preparations were made from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Karyotypes were analyzed by G-banding technique.

ve: To investigate the relationship between recurrent abortion and chromosome structural abnormalities.

To establish the rate of mutation, the team examined an area of the Y chromosome.

A chromosome is made up of genetic material (one long piece of DNA) wrapped around structural support proteins (histones).

But as a result of a mistake in cell division, some people have 3 copies of the 21st chromosome. There are supposed to be just 2.

Y chromosome analysis can also benefit missing persons investigations as it extends the range of potential reference samples.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between maternal age and oocyte chromosome aneuploidy abnormality.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between gonad dysplasia and abnormal chromosome karyotypes.

Conclusion In GIST there was heteroploid of chromosome 8 with more polyploidy than monoploid correlated with recurrence and metastasis.

The Y chromosome , the piece of DNA that makes men men, traces a purely paternal line of descent .

Bacterial cells contain genetic material in a single chromosome, and ribosomes for synthesizing proteins.

"It turns out these centromeres play a critical role in passing out one copy of each chromosome to each daughter cell, " said Page.

We aim to investigate the relationship between chromosome abnormality and reproductive, growth abnormality.

The chromosome complements (karyotypes) of animals display a great diversity in number and morphology.

We have used Y-specific cosmid clones in a random fingerprinting approach to build contigs on the human Y chromosome.

We adopt modified genetic algorithm to solve the model, and set an effective coding mode to decrease the memory space of the chromosome.

Reach the poles, n the number of sub-chromosome, and each sub-chromosome composition of only one chromatid.

Were the same to happen in humans, the genes for maleness would have to hitch a ride on another chromosome.

This disease results from an abnormal gene on chromosome 4 which codes for a protein containing increased trinucleotide repeat sequences.

Study on the chromosome stability in maternal and umbilical blood of PIH and its clinical significance.

Thus, it has almost been taken for granted that any animals would have a single mitochondrial chromosome with all mitochondrial genes on it.

Besides asked menopause age, menopause years, hormone replacement therapy situation, and had blood chromosome tests of POF group.

We use messy genetic algorithm to reduce the size and complexity of chromosome and niche genetic algorithm to increase the learning speed.

The chromosome conformation capture technique is used to monitor intra- and intermolecular chromosomal associations.

Scientists identified small chromosome variations that arose spontaneously in patients.

Men who carry the faulty genes can only pass them on through their X chromosome to their daughters.

Preliminary report of chromosome number of Chinese Zingiberaceae.

Methods microbial reverse mutation assay, mouse micronucleus test, chromosome test to prove mammalian cell culture.

Methods Sperm deformity test and testes chromosome aberration test were used in the studies.

But since then, the Y has steadily lost genes as well as its ability to recombine and swap genes with the X chromosome.

You can see in the top panel, its chromosome just gets blown apart. 12 to 24 hours later, it put it back together exactly as it was before.

Objective: To explore a method of efficient direct chromosome analysis and chorionic villus cultivation in first trimester pregnancy.

Preliminary studies of chromosome band patterns and karyotypes of cucurbitaceous vegetables.

Men may have an extra X chromosome or two on top of their normal XY combination.

Chromosome sized DNA of two types of C. bomb i was compared by pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis, no variation was found.

Robinson's chromosome had emerged as having a genetic signature very close to Genghis Khan's.

Almost half of mitochondrial genes showing physical clusters were located in the pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions of the chromosome.

By analyzing altofrequent chromosome mutations, CGH can provide locating information for screening susceptibility genes of cutaneous tumors.

Methods Study the normal and sex chromosome by classic cytogenetic analysis in leukemia patients before and after treatment by allo- HSCT.

Methods: Traditional chromosome tabletting technique was adopted.

Objective: To research for the relation between an abnormal history of reproduction and chromosal abnormality or chromosome polymorphisms.

pins pushed into each tube represent the chemical tags of each chromosome's epigenetic code.

Conclusion: The mental retardation is correlative with the chromosome aberration and the fragile site expression rate.

To test this hypothesis, we used the genome scan for a predisposing locus on chromosome X to ADHD.

Zhang speculates that the mutations change the local structure of the chromosome, interfering with the production of nearby genes.

And the frequency of the chromosome bridge and lagged chromosome of parents was normally higher than that of their hybrids.

Rapid human chromosome aberration analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization.

New, still unpublished work reveals that the Neandertal Y chromosome differs from the human one.

explain how DNA is packaged into a chromosome.

CONCLUSION: Both of abnormal chromosome karyotype and Y-chromosome microdeletion are important to cause azoospermia and severe oligospermia.

An observation on the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of two species of Lysimachia.

Proper chromosome segregation is crucial for preventing fertility problems, birth defects and cancer.

When this happens a bacterium makes a copy of its chromosome, which includes the virus particle.

Furthermore, it summarizes the search results organism-wise for prokaryotes and chromosome-wise for eukaryotes.

We also found that small RNAs were specifically expressed prior to chromosome rearrangement during conjugation.

Techniques are now available that allow the transfer of intact yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) DNA into transgenic mice.

Chromosome number also gives an indication of polyploidy, where numbers vary by exact multiples between related species.

The Y chromosome DNA testing enables examination of the male-specific portion of biological evidence.

The genetic instructions for the newly found amino acid variants resides in a region of chromosome 6 that codes for the HLA system.

The altered portion of chromosome 16 has structural characteristics that make it more prone to errors, Scherer noted.

But levels of the male Y chromosome strongly correlate with the presence of Polynesian languages.

Objective: To investigate value of amniotic fluid cells in prenatal diagnosis of the chromosome disease.

Chromosome banding patterns are correlated with unique patterns of histone modifications.

This paper reviewed the relationship between DNA mismatch repair, chromosome instability and cancer.

Results Chromosomal aberrations were important causes of spontaneous abortion, es pe finally big Y-chromosome.

The Philadelphia chromosome (universally present in CML) is lacking in patients with leukemoid reactions.

This demonstrates that the genes on a Y chromosome are essential for meiosis and sperm maturation.

Dicentric --- A structurally abnormal chromosome with two centromeres.

In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition.

Diplotene chromosome to further reduce this time synaptonemal complex has disappeared.

Researchers have long been aware of a genetic variant on the X chromosome that was linked to male pattern baldness, Richards said.

This study explores the possibility of interpreting the chromosome marker by Y-specific polymerase chain reaction.

These observations clarify that the PAIR1 protein plays an essential role in establishment of homologous chromosome pairing in rice meiosis.

Chromosome specimens of bone marrow cells were prepared by short-time culture, karyo-typing was performed by R-banding technique.

But had she become pregnant spontaneously, her child could have inherited an intact Y chromosome.

Obviously, a kind of extraordinary chemical substance known as DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the most important part of the chromosome .

Objective: To analyse the regularity of various chromosome anomalies among heredity inquires.

This is the first study of the genetic causes of infertility that links a particular sex chromosome meiosis-specific gene to sterility.

Central to both chromosome repair and distribution during cell division are three related protein complexes.

The observed chromosome number revealed that all of the hybrid offspring were diploid, but each strain had some aneuploid cells.

This thinking led to fertility studies that focused on the Y chromosome and autosomes.

If that's true, we want to be able to find that fused chromosome.

This showed that delays in mitosis result in cell death and abnormal chromosome segregation, the process by which paired chromosomes split.

Objective: To explore the relationship between amenorrhea and aberration of chromosome.

Objective: To analyze abnormal chromosome karyotype and pathogenesis of primary amenia.

Physical Localization of Ribosomal Genes and Chromosome DAPI Banding by in situ Hybridization in Medicago sativa L .

But some people are born with an extra copy of the twenty-first chromosome.

Preliminary studies on chromosome band patterns and karyotypes of Amorphophallus.

Objective To investigate the correlation between male infertility and Y chromosome microdeletions of azoospermia factor(AZF) regions.

Although this theory is plausible, to date, no genes on the X chromosome have unequivocally been associated with autism, Hu said.

The shape and structure properties of chromosome scaffolds were observed under the microscope and transmission electron microscope.

Conclusion Y chromosome microdeletions are one of major causes of idiopathic and nonidopathic male infertility.

After a meiotic reduction in chromosome number sporozoites are formed within the oocyst.

Preliminary studies of chromosome morphology of several wild and cultivated eggplants.

By data collection of the database, we analyzed chromosome features of the group Gymnosperm.

You can also check what's nearby on the chromosome by ambling a specific number of base pairs one way or the other along the double helix.

The major portion of the Y chromosome, the male specific region, is inherited intact from fathers to sons.

The toxicity of tribenuron-methyl was studied, including acute toxicity, irritation, micronucleus and testis chromosome assay.

Chromosome 1 is the biggest and contains, per chromosome, the greatest number of genes.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of multiple antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae chromosome.

no matter what plant or animal , the chromosome in its karyon has a certain number and shape.

In situ Hybridization of Plant Chromosome and Its Applications in the Genus Oryza L .

chromosome A database with complete genomes and chromosomes from the NCBI Reference Sequence project.

Progress of ploidy determination and chromosome doubling in cucurbit crops are also reviewed.

Results: Observation 26 Cases with different degree abnormal chromosome karyogram have different degree clinical effect.

A procedure for generating random mutations in the C. coli chromosome, with these suicide-plasmids, was developed.

The sperm's X or Y status determines the sex of the baby upon meeting the egg, which only carries the X chromosome.

Female and male cells had indistinguishable profiles for autosomes but differences on the X chromosome.

Chromosome number and karyotype study in three species of the medicinal plantain.

Heterogametic sex The sex with dissimilar sex chromosomes, one (in mammals the Y chromosome)being shorter than the other(the X chromosome).

Objective: To explore and evaluate a multicolor PRINS protocol for chromosome detection in human sperm.

The results of PCR demonstrated the integration of target gene into oil sunflower chromosome primarily.