artemisinin

But the unique medical and commercial value of the herbal extract artemisinin have made it a contentious issue in China.

They then modified the extract and purified it into a drug known as artemisinin that has since saved millions of lives.

Africans are now just as keen on an Asian medicine: artemisinin, a highly effective malaria remedy derived from a Chinese shrub.

They helped improve the fixed combination by replacing artemisinin with [one of its derivatives], artemether.

Artemisinin is an endoperoxide of the sesquiterpene lactone. The structure of this compound is too complex to be synthesized effectively.

The rise of resistance to the insecticides applied to bednets and the artemisinin used for treatment makes monitoring essential, he says.

Additionally, artemisinin led to an increase of bacterial density, and a decrease of protozoal density.

Chatterjee said the advantage of artemisinin is that it is already a licensed drug, so toxicity studies have already been completed.

Before, we were warning people that there could be an emergence of artemisinin resistance.

The arrival of artemisinin a few years ago raised hopes, but big obstacles to its widespread use remain.

Although patients infected were cured following treatment with an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), the recovery took more time.

Objective To investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of natural medicine artemisinin and its derivatives.

The new artemisinin-based combination therapies, and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets are known to be highly effective.

Such is the case for the discovery by Youyou Tu and colleagues of artemisinin (also known as Qinghaosu) for treatment of malaria.

What's more, public health experts say that the artemisinin-only pills on the market will inevitably engender drug resistance over time.

Such monotherapies are therefore one of the primary forces behind the spread of artemisinin resistance.

The company has been involved in re-engineering yeast to make artemisinin, the anti-malarial drug.

The emergence of artemisinin resistance has been a wake-up call.

Specially, Artemisinin which is distilled from Artemisia anova has been widely used for curing ague and has great curative effect.

The best available treatment, particularly for P. falciparum malaria, is artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT).

Genes from the plant that control its yield of the antimalarial drug artemisinin have been identified by scientists.

The relationship between diversity of artemisinin content in population of cultivated Artemisia annul and genetic polymorphism was analyzed.

The optimized transformation system was significant for studying the molecular regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis.

It banned the import and sale of separate artemisinin tablets, known as oral artemisinin monotherapy, in September 2008.

Parasites in South-East Asia, for example, seem to be developing resistance to artemisinin-based treatments.

WHO's treatment policy is to treat all cases of uncomplicated falciparum malaria with artemisinin combination therapy (ACTs).

Thanks to intense surveillance, the first signs of resistance to artemisinin were detected along the Thai-Cambodian border.

The natural products quinine and artemisinin have been effective antimalarials for centuries.

As with most medicinal herbs, artemisinin's contents and efficacy are subject to climatic, geographical and environmental conditions.

By 2011 they hope to have doubled the artemisinin concentration in a plant by creating hybrid varieties.

Second, they must ensure the availability of the technical skills and know-how needed to extract artemisinin from dried leaves.

Q: What made you and your team think of using artemisinin to treat malaria?

Result Artemisinin significantly inhibits the growth of GBC-SD cells, inducing apoptosis. And showed some dose-time-effect relationship.

Q: Why did you research ACT for malaria at a time when there were no concerns about resistance to artemisinin?

We need to ban the marketing of therapies containing only artemisinin, and thus lacking that two-punch power of combination therapies.

Using artemisinin alone encourages the parasite to adapt to, and eventually overcome, the activity of the single drug.

At the moment, artemisinin is a herbal remedy. It is extracted from Artemisia annua, a type of wormwood, and the best source is in China.

After harvesting or collection, the artemisinin content of the leaves will gradually decrease.

Yet, the malaria drugs needed for what is known as artemisinin-based combination therapy reached only 3% of African children in need.

Scientists continue to investigate how and why artemisinin resistance specifically emerges.

WHO recommends instead that companies market artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) only.

No other transient absorption spectral data are available on the reaction of artemisinin with sodium hydroxide currently.

Combining an artemisinin-based medicine with another antimalarial drug, as WHO recommends, sharply reduces the risk.

Strong activity of artemisinin was noticed against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).

This failure is due to resistance to artemisinin, our best and last class of effective antimalarials.

Efforts to contain the spread of artemisinin resistance on the Cambodia-Thailand border have been ongoing since November 2008.

Steroid hormone series: Progesterone, 16-DPA, DHEA Plant extract: synephrine , Resveratrol, artemisinin and the derivatives of artemisinin.

Artemisinin is studied on thermal stable actions, thermal decomposition and the method of gas chromatography by gas chromatograph.

The results show that it is feasible for detection of Artemisinin and Aristolochic acid by the microcantilever sensor platform.

The WHO has been concerned since 2005, when artemisinin effectiveness at the border was found to be deficient.

They found that both artemisinin and artesunate were safe and cleared the parasite rapidly, with high doses more effective.

Artemisinin-based combination therapies, or ACTs, are our most effective antimalarial drugs.

It took chloroquine resistance decades to spread, so it is likely that artemisinin-based drugs will be used for many years.

Artemisinin derivatives are not inferior to quinine in preventing death in children with cerebral malaria.

From the average peak areas of replicate injection, calculate the content of artemisinin in the substance being examined.

And it was in Pailin where scientists confirmed the first cases of falciparum resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives in 2008.

The World Health Organization says artemisinin-based combination treatments are the best way to treat common malaria.

Aim To search for new artemisinin derivatives with higher immunosuppressive activity.

The report documents in detail the emergence of artemisinin resistance in the Mekong region and initial responses.

abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low temperature on the biosynthesis pathway of artemisinin and other terpenoids.

In one aspect, the invention provides covalent conjugates between artemisinin related endoperoxides and iron-carrying proteins.

More comprehensive recommendations are available in the Global Plan for Artemisinin Resistance Containment (GPARC).

"We have to consider that artemisinin is the valuable drug for acute illnesses like malaria, " Valecha told SciDev. Net.

New drugs, based on a plant extract called artemisinin, have been one arm of this assault.

That drug is artemisinin. W. H. O. officials say people should take it only in combination with other malaria drugs.

Artemisinin, given in combination with other drugs, is the most effective malaria treatment today.

Since then, the world market for products containing artemisinin derivatives has grown rapidly.

And newer drugs, including artemisinin, are becoming less effective.

Monotherapies are therefore the primary force behind the spread of artemisinin resistance.

Dihydroartemisinic acid is a late precursor to the antimalarial compound artemisinin.

Today's tools include insecticide-treated bednets, indoor spraying with insecticides and the latest drug (artemisinin).

Making artemisinin by standard chemistry requires so many steps that it is impractical.

We also need to research other genes potentially involved in artemisinin resistance by in vitro studies.

According to the Cambodian health ministry, however, there is now an illegal market for artemisinin in the country.

In 2005, The Lancet published research from an international team that found emerging resistance to artemisinin in West Africa.

In February 2009, WHO confirmed that resistance to artemisinin had emerged on the Cambodia-Thailand border.

Of the 76 countries needing artemisinin-based treatment today, 69 have adopted the WHO recommendation to use this therapy.

The Chinese have used artemisinin, derived from the herb Qinghao, for thousands of years.

Doctor Kochi says there have been no documented cases yet where treatment failed because of resistance to artemisinin.

Conclusion Artemisinin has obvious inhibition effect on GBC-SD cells.

But if the resistance spreads sooner, there are no drugs in the pipeline to replace artemisinin combinations.

The report is based on the proceedings of the 2008 Artemisinin Enterprise Conference held in York, United Kingdom, last month (October).

The fear is that artemisinin could lose its effectiveness if it is misused .

Demand for artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) is set to double from its 2006 level of 100 million doses within just four years.

is that artemisinin could lose its effectiveness if it is misused.

Conclusion ADS-17 macroporous resin can be used in adsorption to Artemisinin.

Treatment: the use of artemisinin combination therapy to treat malaria.

RELATED FACTORS OF ARTEMISININ BIOSYNTHESIS IN CLONE STRAIN OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA L.

Since 2001, 42 malaria-endemic countries, 23 of them in Africa, have adopted artemisinin-based combination therapies recommended by WHO.

Biotransformation of Artemisinin by Hairy Root Cultures of Rheum palmatum L.

Many people in the area have been using artemisinin alone, rather than in artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) as recommended.

abstract: Objective To research adsorptive properties of ADS-17 macroporous resin to Artemisinin.

Artemisinin is the world's most powerful weapon in the battle against malaria.

Results The adsorption of ADS-17 macroporous resin to Artemisinin is exothermic physical adsorption.

Artemisinin which is extractive of sweet wormwood has antitumor effect.

Artemisinin is extracted from the plant, Artemisia annua.

Countries must ban the use of artemisinin monotherapies, and ensure that only good-quality drugs are used.

Between 1976 and 1978, the molecular structure of artemisinin was identified and more artemisinin derivatives were developed.

artemisinin precursors produced by engineered yeast strains have been converted to artemisinin by the biotransformation procedure;

Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of new artemisinin derivatives containing polyethylene glycol group

The electrochemical behavior of artemisinin at the different electrodes and its interaction with hemin

Research progress in antimalarial mechanism and drug-resistant mechanism of artemisinin and its derivatives

Tentative study on clean production of artemisinin by combined ultrasonic extraction-membrane filtration-supercritical fluid extraction

Quantum Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Artemisinin and its Derivatives

Investigation of Light, Temperature and Cultivated Modes on Growth and Artemisinin Synthesis of Artemisia annul L. Shoots;

Research progress on pharmacological activities of artemisinin and its derivatives

prevent transmission of artemisinin-tolerant malaria parasites through mosquito control and personal protection;

Determination of Artemisinin by Capillary Electrophoresis with Conductivity Detection

Recent advancement in pharmacological effects of artemisinin and its derivatives

Clinical application study on treatment of malaria with artemisinin and its ramifications

Neurotoxicity of artemisinin antimalarials and its mechanism

Study on the Electrochemical Behaviors of Artemisinin Qinghaosu and Its Derivatives

Progress in basic research comes alongside successes in distributing free, insecticide-treated bed-nets and artemisinin therapies;

eliminate artemisinin-tolerant parasites by detecting all malaria cases in target areas and ensuring effective treatment;

Inhibitory effect of pair of hydrogen artemisinin on HeP-2 cells of throat cancer

Study on the Preparation and Dissolution of the Sustained Release Solid Dispersions of Artemisinin

Antitumor activities of artemisinin and its derivatives

Artemisinin Industry, Rising to Collaborate within Competitions

Systems analysis of benefits and harms of artemisinin-type compounds For preventing schistosomiasis

Progress in Biosynthesis Study of Artemisinin

Correlation between histochemical location and content of artemisinin

Study on the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Artemisinin Analogs;

A Study in Effect of Artemisinin and its Derivatives on Reversion of Multi-drug Resistance of Tumors

Spectrometric study on the interaction between Artemisinin and Transferrin

Fast Eliminating Malaria by Eradicating Source With Artemisinin Compounds

Effect of artemisinin on cell apoptosis and lymphangiogenesis in mouse lymphatic endothelial cells

reduce exposure of the parasites to artemisinin to limit emergence of resistance;

Advances in Molecular Regulation of Artemisinin Biosynthesis

Effect of artemisinin on metastatic tumor growth and lymphangiogenesis in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma

Progress in study of artemisinin precursor

Research progress in antitoxoplasmic effect of artemisinin and its derivatives

limit the spread of artemisinin-tolerant malaria parasites by mobile populations;

Studies on the interaction of QHS and L-Cys electroanalysis of artemisinin on different electrodes

Preparation application and prospect of artemisinin

Study on Effect of Cordyceps Sinensis and Artemisinin in Preventing Recurrence of Lupus Nephritis

Inhibited effects of artemisinin on lipid peroxidation in cecal ligation and puncture rat's liver

Apoptosis of Pancreas Acinar Cell Induced by Artemisinin in Acute Pancreatitis

Search for the Antimalarial Mechanism of Artemisinin

Extraction of Artemisinin Enhanced with Ultrasonic Wave

An extraction method of artemisinin from the residues isolated artemisinin

Stimulus of Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Cultured Cell of Artemisia Annu a L. By Stress in vitro

Advances in studies on biotechnology of getting high-yield artemisinin

Construction of the Subtracted cDNA Libraries Related to Artemisinin-resistance of Plasmodium berghei

Effect of artemisinin on the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cell

Advances in Researches on Artemisinin Production

Study on Extraction of Artemisinin Enhanced with Ultrasonic Wave

The process of artemisinin purification by silica gel column chromatography

The Study of Artemisinin on Thermal Stable Actions and Analysis of Gas Chromatography

The phramacokinetics and drug interaction of artemisinin derivant

Effects of Artemisinin on fibroblasts in vitro derived from human scar

Protective effects of artemisinin challenged with CpG DNA in mice

Study on Inducing an Artemisinin-resistant Line of Plasmodium berghei

Reduction Mechanism of Artemisinin in the Presence of Hemin

Protective effects of artemisinin on septic rats

Study on Process of Extraction and Separation of Artemisinin

Inhibiting effect of artemisinin on HeLa cell growth

Research on the Effects of Artemisinin and Coenzyme A

Scheme 1 The synthesis route of alkyl ether artemisinin derivatives

Effect of artemisinin on lung injury in septic rats

halting the marketing and use of oral artemisinin monotherapies; and importantly