capital flows

Mr Yam noted that the question of exchange rate systems was a crucial element in the management of international capital flows.

But several curious differences between them suggest that the fund's own thinking on managing capital flows is far from settled.

Some sort of opening up of capital flows certainly seems to be under consideration.

The heart of the new finance is on Wall Street and in London, but the growth of cross-border capital flows vastly extended its reach.

The IIF said the biggest share of private capital flows is likely to come from portfolio equity investments by foreigners.

Deregulation and liberalization took place in many economies in this region to facilitate international trade and capital flows.

What should have been the perfect destination for mainland capital flows over the past two weeks has been a disappointment.

Perhaps the effect is not picked up in studies because capital flows are hard to measure accurately, argue the optimists.

Financial innovation changed from a tool to facilitate capital flows into a moneymaking technique for the bankers and their shareholders.

Allow freer capital flows in and out, to help normalize monetary policy?

The impact of these capital flows has caused several Asian governments to put up barriers to curb inflows of foreign funds.

Although the Bank can use interest rates to influence the demand for credit, global capital flows limit its effectiveness.

The biggest weakness of PPP is that the equilibrium is only a very long-run one, as it completely ignores capital flows.

The currency is not fully convertible, so capital flows in and out of the country are controlled.

An air of inevitability exists around a potential slowdown in capital flows from outside the US to its Treasury market.

India's high inflation and chunky current-account deficit, financed by capital flows, mark it out from most of Asia.

Interest rate, as an important measure of the cost of capital and profit, has a significant impact on cross - border capital flows.

Capital markets tend to be segmented due to the existence of various barriers to international capital flows.

A new report found that net private capital flows to emerging-market economies had picked up in the second quarter, but remain weak.

On top of that, mainland stocks are relatively insulated from the cross-border capital flows that influence other markets.

The trouble is, economists have struggled to establish a strong link between freer capital flows and speedier economic development.

Not to be forgotten are persistent and massive deficits and surpluses in the global balance of payments and associated capital flows.

But the cost of raising interest rates would be a stronger currency as foreign capital flows in.

Then, heightened risk aversion over the last 18 months or so contributed to a sharp fall in cross-border capital flows globally.

The pressure of capital flows will depend on the prospects for rich economies, particularly America's, as well as the actions of the Fed.

These policy errors contributed to produce a fragile financial system - one which was vulnerable to a rapid reversal of capital flows.

It could continue to be supportive of countries in their pursuit of more open capital flows as a long-term, structural, objective.

'We must avoid ever-increasing and unsustainable imbalances in trade and capital flows, ' he said.

It would also be combined with restrictions on "speculative" capital flows and short-term foreign borrowing.

But, to be sure, managing orderly financial integration and short-term capital flows requires more than just domestic measures.

It could also destabilize the global capital flows on which the U.

Our actions to restore growth cannot be effective until we restore domestic lending and international capital flows.

Mr. King argues the crisis was a result of the inability to cope with huge capital flows from China, India and elsewhere.

"We are also concerned that if capital flows were to reverse or interest rates rebound, asset prices would become more volatile. "

The second slump is in the emerging world, where many economies have been hit by the sudden fall in private cross-border capital flows.

As a result, there has been a large recycling of capital flows from emerging countries through western financial centres.

But there was a crisis in the domestic counterpart of the external capital flows.

Through the local branch of funds on deposit and backward areas of capital flows into developed areas of the main channel.

But the opening up of international financial markets led to a huge growth in cross-border capital flows.

FAIL to see the connection between excessive capital flows and the current system of flexible exchange rates.

To break the cycle, we need bold policy measures, including restoration of domestic lending and global capital flows.

'Capital flows mean depreciation could also be a possibility. '

Unlike most emerging countries, China has not liberalised its capital account and can insulate itself from foreign capital flows.

To mitigate future crises, the system needs to cope with capital flows by introducing reforms in emerging markets.

In recent years, the acceleration of international capital flows on national economies has had a far-reaching effects.

In the next section we shall ignore international capital flows.

Nowadays, direct trade and payments across the exchanges are dwarfed by vastly greater capital flows.

The threat that such concerns could disrupt capital flows prompted an overhaul of the vetting system for foreign acquisitions of US assets.

In such a volatile world, capital flows can dry up as fast as the morning dew.

Large capital flows also make it harder for central bankers to set policy.

Problems in Greece and consequential contagion in Europe might only aggravate capital flows to emerging economies.

Capital flows between the US, UK and the euro-zone comprised 80 per cent of the total.

Meantime, broader official capital flows directed by governments and central banks offer a more complex picture.

True, no sustainable exit from the present quagmire can be envisaged without increased net capital flows into emerging countries.

Measurement and payment is a very complex process, which involves the construction units and owners of goods and capital flows.

Many countries have done this in the past decade to protect themselves against fluctuations in capital flows or commodity prices.

But with the renminbi not freely convertible and China's stock markets isolated from international capital flows, valuations diverge widely.

First, the vulnerability of those nations with very open economies to international short-term capital flows.

The war disrupted capital flows and international trade between nations.

Both have opened up to international trade and capital flows in the past three decades.

Companies capital flows free is of one, the necessary conditions for market economy exist and normal operation.

Under the background of the economic globalization, international trade develops rapidly and international capital flows quickly.

The relative strength of an economy would typically result in attracting investment capital flows.

Emerging markets' trade problems have been worsened by shifts in capital flows, globalisation's second big plank.

The ADB expects these dynamics to change as the year progresses, as exports fall and capital flows abate with a return of risk aversion.

It was only when the global financial crisis gained momentum that the markets reacted and capital flows suddenly stopped.

"Regulation of capital flows can be an effective policy tool, " the governor said.

Creation and preservation of jobs and increasing capital flows are the appropriate priorities.

The supply chains and capital flows linking global cities today have similarly denationalized international relations.

As a consequence, private capital flows ceased and national financial markets decoupled.

This was far faster than could be explained by arbitrage, capital flows or money movements.

Continue to deepen foreign exchange management reform, strengthening supervision of cross-border capital flows.

In many ways though, such capital flows are the welcome first stage of the world's needed "great rebalancing" .

FAIL to see the connection betweenexcessive capital flows and the current system of flexible exchange rates.

This paper will focus on the influences on Chinese commercial banking system stability brought by international short-term capital flows.

Central banks in emerging markets have long used tools of this kind to control credit growth and capital flows.

Third, the crisis has changed the risk appetite of investors, exacerbated the short-term international capital flows volatility.

Government policies on capital flows across borders and regulation of financial markets may alter patterns of information flows.

Trade flows and capital flows are increasingly being looked at by all sides as possible weapons in an economic war.

Liberalisation of trade and capital flows was a project owned largely by the US.

But given the tumultuous state of global capital flows, it is not entirely surprising.

However companies and analysts were sceptical that the new capital controls would limit illegal capital flows.

New SDR issues could be introduced in times of declines in private capital flows or large falls of global commodity prices.

There is also little chance of overseas aid payments by rich countries taking up the slack left by the drop in private capital flows.

Much higher non-performing loans, higher interest rates and weak international capital flows will remain key challenges in the near term.

While banks were international and capital flows crossed national borders, oversight was largely domestic.

Therefore, there is no apriori reason why different types of capital flows should have the same effect on growth.

Essentially, the tidal force of capital flows to emerging economies faces only partially flexible currencies.

With vast cross-border capital flows, the tasks facing monetary policymakers have become much more complex.

That crisis stemmed largely from Asia's vulnerability to the vicissitudes of international capital flows.

Asia is still hostage to international capital flows.

Given the scale of capital flows, a small move by China will probably only elicit a small move by other countries, especially in Asia.

With free capital flows, monetary policy could be directed either at stabilising an exchange rate or controlling inflation, but not both.

Adecade ago, crises in east Asia, Russia and Latin America caused economists to doubt the case for cross-border capital flows.

But by their nature, these capital flows among nations are hard to ascribe to one country alone.

As more capital flows into the region, however, some worry that Brazil's private equity market may start to overheat.

How resilientthose positions are is now being tested, as plunging commodity pricessap export earnings and capital flows dry up.

However, the policy agenda for managing capital flows is broad and complex, and considerable challenges remain.

To regulate capital account must follow the objective laws of economic growth to guide the bidirectional capital flows.

The policy lesson is clear: the need for co-ordination among emerging economies on managing capital flows and exchange rates.

Rising risk aversion among investors has recently reversed capital flows into China and weakened the renminbi.

These capital flows have also contributed to the recent heightened volatility in currencies.

Nobody can know the true value of any currency unless that currency floats freely and there are no restrictions on capital flows.

Policies that ignore the importance of capital flows between the mature and emerging market economies will be similarly harmful.

In the current regime, free cross-border capital flows and floating exchange rates are both considered desirable.

The first sections is the introduction and overview of the international short-term capital flows.

The types of capital flows we study are FDI, portfolio investment, equity investment, and short-term debt.

Moreover, capital flows are increasingly entangled with global tensions over China's exchange rate peg.

The trend of increasing capital flows from west to east is not cancelled but merely postponed.

Thus far her growth in trade, capital flows, energy consumption and emissions has been at a steady, moderate pace.

If the waxing and waning of global capital flows distort this process, monetary policy is much less effective.

That in turn will spawn an illiberal political reaction that will inhibit global capital flows.

Relying on capital flows to fund that is not always comfortable.

There were always those in Asia who resisted the Washington consensus. They put restrictions on capital flows.

The recovery of capital flows is likely to be slow.

Recent years have seen a dramatic shift in the composition of capital flows to the emerging-market economies.

Emerging economies are usually the first to drop when international capital flows dry up.

Today, the risks of large-scale capital flows across frontiers are all too disturbingly evident.

But in finance, a parallel debate is under way, about the rising capital flows being generated by this growth.

reveals the contradiction of the culture of inequality and capital flows.

Low US rates raise the attractiveness of capital flows to Asia, putting upward pressure on exchange rates.

But it reinforces Beijing's intention to maintain controls over capital flows.

promotion of international trade and capital flows development.

This exercise attracts a lot of attention, focused mainly on the baseline scenarios for global growth, inflation and capital flows.

While capital flows tend to rise and fall with the economic cycle, flows of remittances were more stable.

The pursuit of some ideal global 'balance' in trade and capital flows is an illusion.

Strong capital flows suggest investors believe emerging market growth will deliver for them. They should be cautious.

showed that volatile capital flows could threaten even vibrant economies.

Ankara is reportedly considering cutting interest rates to curb capital flows.

Britain has a much more open economy than America, measured by foreign trade or capital flows.

Capital flows to the faster-growing nations, boosting the value of their currencies, he added.

He also focuses on house prices rather than financial assets, because they are less likely to be influenced by cross-border capital flows.

Now it is experiencing how fickle international capital flows can be.

Emerging economies are being hit hard by weakening exports and the collapse of private capital flows.

Over this period, the UK economy was increasingly at the mercy of global capital flows.

Watch for China to increase its capital flows to the emerging markets to placate critics.

For most emerging economies, however, intervention is more about coping with volatile capital flows.

The Group recognised the importance of monitoring and understanding cross-border capital flows and the resulting stock positions.

but in the correct circumstances, it is a powerful signalling device for private-sector capital flows.

It is equally possible, though, that predictable rules could facilitate capital flows.

Equity continues to account for the bulk of capital flows, the report's authors say.

Back then the fall of Lehman Brothers prompted a sudden stop in capital flows to the region.

More signs of bearish sentiment on China, this time from cross border capital flows.

The notion of capital flows and money crossing borders is misunderstood by most people.

Another negative is international capital flows.

More generally eastern Europe has been hit hard by the reversal of private capital flows.

The basic similarities of the reason of the two crises are excess liquidity and the high level of capital flows.

South Africa, meanwhile, has borne the burden of 'hot' capital flows into its markets.

We have a variety of buying and value, the most direct reference is in the meantime and layout of capital flows.

Capital flows will also remain a problem as China tries to rein in inflation and asset bubbles.

Unlike with trade, capital flows require approval on a case-by-case basis.

For starters, China's central bank has to recycle a big chunk of these capital flows from hard currency into yuan.

Private capital flows are down. Revenues from the export of commodities are down.

The biggest sufferer from falling capital flows, though, has been emerging Europe.

The big economic point, however, is that the world needs to manage a post-crisis adjustment, in which capital flows turn around.

These capital flows are susceptible to global shocks and may prove fickle.

Net private-sector capital flows to the emerging markets are likely to fall to $165 billion, from a peak of $929 billion in 2007.

They cannot do both. Under the classical 19th-century gold standard, capital flows were mostly unfettered and currencies were tied to gold.

I understand national security concerns, but we shouldn't cut ourselves off from these capital flows.

Capital flows a lot more fluidly around the globe these days.

One conclusion to be drawn from the data is that capital flows still have room to grow if they are to regain their previous peaks.

Right now the government is not facilitating private capital flows; it is substituting for private capital flows.

Another wild card for the dollar will be trends in global capital flows.

We should strengthen supervision and regulation over credit rating agencies, the shadow banking system and trans-border capital flows.

Although capital flows more easily, there are additional costs in raising money overseas.

Analysts say the risk is that the lack of financing will erode economic growth, in turn deterring capital flows to Asia.

Researching international short-term capital flows's management and reform in China will undoubtedly has practical significance!

The reason is that large and persistent imbalances drive ever larger capital flows, which can destabilise the global economy.

We call for more attention to the risks of massive cross-border capital flows now faced by the emerging economies.

In this way, a major disruption in trade and capital flows can be avoided.

"There are potential risks from cross-border capital flows, " Zhou said Thursday.

The authors focus on the level of capital flows, rather than their composition.

We will closely monitor and control cross-border capital flows and prevent the influx of hot money.

With declining capital flows, this would generate a financing gap of between $270 and $700 billion.

The world needs a less doctrinaire approach to foreign capital flows.

Governments in Asia are grappling with how best to keep their economies growing as capital flows increase and exchange rates rise.

Capital flows into China could also dwindle.

But the real problem lay in their reliance on short-term capital flows from overseas.

Private-capital flows have plunged in the past year, and are continuing to fall.

It turns out that international capital flows a lot like water. Close one hatch and it pours in another.

Now, Mr. Ma is pledging to allow free capital flows.

So in order to limit the impact on jobs, capital flows into the US must finance additional US consumption.

As a result, the risks of bad surprises in trade and capital flows are heightened.

Concerned with international capital flows, increase foreign investment in order to maintain high economic growth.

Total cross-border capital flows between the council and the rest of Asia may climb from an annual $15bn (? 1. 6bn) today to $300bn by 2020.

What is clear is that the repatriation of capital has been painful for those countries that relied heavily on international capital flows.

Since 1990, cross-border capital flows have grown more than 10 per cent annually.

Another powerful trend is that private capital flows now dwarf development assistance, but this money does not go to the poorest countries.

In fact, a fixed-rate system such as the euro zone brings about even larger excessive capital flows.

What we are experiencing is actually the second great globalisation of trade and capital flows in modern times.

The third complaint is about the scale and volatility of capital flows.

Capital flows not only promote the rational resource allocation, economic growth, but also bring the attacks to economic stability.

Capital flows tend to cause currencies to get stronger and make exports less competitive.

One difficulty with this is that it means loosening the grip of technocrats on how capital flows.

Central banks had moved to contain the dollar crisis that time and then private capital flows rushed back into the dollar.

The more inflexible exchange rates are, the greater the pull for capital flows because of the one-way bet that is created by policy.

The Institute of International Finance, a bankers' group, expects capital flows to emerging economies to be 80% lower than in 2007.

A third area of contention comes from how the developing countries respond to these capital flows.

In the months leading up to October and November, Hong Kong attracted massive capital flows, exerting significant pressure on the peg.

In chapter 4, the examples of some capital flows of foreign private equity fund will be discussed, especially in America.

At that time, the global daily forex trading volume, an important barometer for capital flows, varied from 10 to 20 billion dollars.

Under the bank's worst-case scenario, capital flows to developing countries could decline more abruptly, to 3. 5 per cent of GDP ($550bn).

Capital flows are returning to developing countries, including Russia, albeit not in the amounts seen before the crisis.

The sagging global economy has reduced private capital flows to developing countries.

That compares well with real yields in Japan, Canada and Britain and it may be attracting capital flows into the dollar.

Net private capital flows, including debt and equity to developing countries, increased by $51 billion to $301. 3 billion in 2004.

Tribal sub-fraction; ; Code of Good Practice for promoting private capital flows and coping with capital market volatility;

No foreign exchange control, the capital flows at liberty, each kind of currency can be exchange and transferred at anytime;

Raise the company funds for operations and ensure the financial needs of the development of corporate strategy, approve major capital flows;

Exchange Rate Regimes, Capital Flows and Financial Crises: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses A Perspective from East Asia Financial Crisis

Structured Derivatives and Collective Irrationality in International Capital Flows to Emerging Markets

Regression Analyze to the Relationship between Industrial Structural Adjustment and Efficiency of Capital Flows in Wuhan

The Difference and Enlightenment of Two International Capital Flows

International Capital Flows and Financial Crisis Prevention: The Analyzing Angle from Capital Flight

capital flows out of foreign assets and into domestic assets

These actions will help mitigate the risk of excessive volatility in capital flows facing some emerging countries;

The relation between the real exchange rate and capital flows in a small open economy

The Choice between Short-term Capital Flows and International Orientated Corporation

Empirical Studies on How International Capital Flows Influences China's Monetary Policy

Research on Criteria for Identifying Abnormal Capital Flows in Financial Networks

The Stabilization of Macroscopical Economy in the New Posture of International Capital Flows

International Finance: Capital Flows and Risk Management

On Global Economic Integration from Capital Flows Perspective

we must avoid over-regulation that would hamper economic growth and exacerbate the contraction of capital flows

The Impact of International Capital Flows on the Financial System in Emerging Markets

using monthly data to calculate international short-term capital flows;

On the Effects of the Interest Rates and Saving Rates of Short-term Capital Flows

Regulating Strategy on International Capital Flows under the Flexible Exchange Rate Regime

Influence of International Capital Flows on Invested States

Easier cross-border capital flows may help liberalise interest rates

The crisis has transformed the environment for private capital flows

Challenges of Monitoring and Surveillance of Capital Flows

Risks and Challenges IN COPING with INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS

The risks and challenges in coping with international capital flows

An Analysis of Inter-Regional Capital Flows: Saving and Investment

how far and how soon the economy should be open to capital flows;

Imposing measures to restrict capital flows

Shock Effect of High International Capital Flows

TITLE of PAPER Capital flows, changing patterns of work and gendered migration: Implications for women in China and Southeast Asia