universal banks

Many of these investment banks are part of universal banks that continue to see a solid performance in retail banking and consumer credit.

Within universal banks, the appetite for investment banking will depend on the bank's experience of the credit crisis, Williams said.

Western finance will be increasingly dominated by a few huge universal banks, with a new aversion to risk.

The second worry about low borrowing costs is that universal banks are less likely to be allowed to fail than pure investment banks.

There are a few universal banks in the US, such as Bank of America and JPMorgan, that have weathered the storm so far reasonably well.

Nor did anyone force the German Landesbanken and the Swiss universal banks to invest heavily in toxic assets.

Eventually, returns would probably have fallen to a level in-line with the stodgier universal banks anyway.

The evidence from other countries is confusing too. Canada's widely lauded system is an oligopoly of big universal banks.

Universal banks argue, correctly, that separation of their retail and wholesale activities would raise funding costs.

Bear Stearns and Merrill Lynch found shelter in the arms of two big universal banks, JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America.

The big five banks snapped up the leading stockbroking firms in the 1990s, becoming universal banks.

But the chancellor and prime minister, both Conservatives, clearly enjoy more cordial relations with Britain's big universal banks.

In 2007 it tried to buy ABN AMRO, which would have made it one of the world's largest universal banks.

It was abolished because customers wanted the services universal banks can provide.

Universal banks is such a kind of bank which can supply all financial service.

The City of London is dominated by the investment-banking arms of universal banks, most of them foreign-owned.

The problem is not confined to commercial banks, investment banks and universal banks.

The big European governments are, however, unlikely to abandon their universal banks.

By these lights, universal banks appear to offer clear advantages to both shareholders and regulators.

So cost alone is not necessarily a convincing argument in favour of universal banks.

Universal banks, which marry investment banking and deposit-taking, are in the ascendant.

In universal banks, conflicts of interest are ubiquitous.

Calls to dismantle the biggest institutions and split up universal banks have not got far.

Regulatory antipathy to universal banks has also eased.

The first basic problem that universal banks face is risk management.

Ringfencing is relevant, however, because it addresses what is now the biggest danger of all: rogue universal banks.

Universal banks generally have more stable earnings and lower borrowing costs than specialists in one or the other area of business.

Some Thoughts about the Financial Products of Universal Banks: Innovation, Renovation and Integration

The very size of universal banks makes them dangerous

the retail and investment-banking arms of universal banks

The Study in Consumer Market Segmentation of Universal Banks

And the third is that universal banks are a dreadful deal for investors