undervaluation

The impetus for separation is usually a meaningful and persistent undervaluation of a portfolio of businesses.

He said, though, that if the pace of appreciation seen since September were sustained, it would help correct the undervaluation.

What is not so clear, however, is how much difference any undervaluation has made to China's surpluses.

Through a combined strategy of legal action and international pressure, it is possible China will revisit its undervaluation of the RMB.

But looking at the size of the current-account surplus is only one way to estimate the degree of undervaluation of the currency.

China's current inflation is a textbook case of prolonged undervaluation of a fixed exchange rate in tandem with export-led growth.

The only real route left is to unilaterally slap tariffs on Chinese imports to compensate for alleged currency undervaluation.

Even this surplus-based method now points to a smaller yuan undervaluation than it used to because China's surplus has shrunk.

The new data imply that the degree of such undervaluation is far lower than some analysts had suggested, which ought to mute China-bashing.

This curiously precise figure was the midpoint of a range of estimates (15-40%) of the yuan's undervaluation.

In the long term, however, the yen's huge undervaluation means that it will eventually bounce back.

Our Research Department's analysis points to a persistent overvaluation of the US dollar and the undervaluation of the euro.

Yuan undervaluation is certainly one of the key causes of the liquidity conditions we have.

I would argue that there are now three fundamental indicators of a significant undervaluation.

Another factor that keeps Chinese policymakers away from liberalising the capital account is the yuan's undervaluation.

Some Asian currency declines have reversed, nonetheless the Asian instinct for currency undervaluation to boost exports is alive and well.

The draft has the alternative 'competitive undervaluation' in brackets, an apparent reference to China, suggesting officials are divided.

In other words, China's growing share of world trade has nothing to do with undervaluation.

They argue that Asian economies are pursuing a deliberate policy of currency undervaluation to ensure strong export-led growth.

China has maintained this undervaluation with massive intervention in currency markets.

On the first, estimates of the extent of undervaluation vary hugely: some even argue the renminbi is overvalued.

Estimates of the degree of undervaluation vary massively.

You might expect that undervaluation would be as common as overvaluation, and in general you would be right.

Mr. Williamson's latest research suggests that the degree of undervaluation has fallen to almost 30%.

Overinvestment leads to underconsumption, which the Chinese authorities solve through undervaluation of the currency.

We propose modernising US anti-dumping laws to account for currency undervaluation.

China's monetary policy is similarly constrained, albeit because of the perception of exchange rate undervaluation rather than weak growth.

But the Treasury stressed that it will take time before it can assess whether the policy change will correct the undervaluation.

US multinationals operating in China have long been opposed to Washington taking action over the perceived undervaluation.

A recent study by the US National Bureau of Economic Research concluded the current level of undervaluation was only about 10 per cent.

The yen's undervaluation was what Eisuke Sakakibara, a former vice-minister of finance, calls a "cheap-yen bubble" .

Many analysts see the growth of China and other key emerging economies as being driven in part by deliberate currency undervaluation.

And they have made little systematic use of explicit industrial policies that could act as a substitute for undervaluation.

We say this because before CNY started its ascending path in mid-2005, various estimates put the CNY undervaluation at 20-40%.

Their 'strategy of currency undervaluation' has 'important drawbacks' for them and the world economy, he warns.

This problem probably results in a large undervaluation of GDP in China compared to more developed economies.

On Sept. 29 the House passed by 348-79 a bill directing the Commerce Dept. to treat currency undervaluation as a prohibited export subsidy.

How long can the currency undervaluation blame game or the finger-pointing about the fuelling of inflation last?

Relationship between the undervaluation of foreign exchange rate and China's economic structure

The former embodies in market impact, media bias and government undervaluation;