the exchange rate

Every time I looked at the exchange rate, it seemed to be mocking me, laughing at how much more my tuition would cost.

C: No, just a few moments. I'll figure out the exchange rate and service charge and then type up the check for you .

He said: "We have to work to bring the exchange rate to an appropriate level, including co-operating with the Bank of Japan. "

He said the exchange rate would remain "basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level" .

The limited room for further falls in interest rates appeared to be a further factor in the adjustment of the exchange rate.

Let me start with a proposition: the right way to think about China's exchange rate is, initially, not to think about the exchange rate.

Mr Li said the greater "flexibility" in the exchange rate could potentially include occasional periods of depreciation against the dollar.

The exchange rate of the yuan against the US dollar has always been at the forefront of this discussion.

The key question, he said, is whether Beijing is willing to live with the exchange rate volatility that an open capital account generates.

Sometimes you're going to see it result in favor of people who want to let the market flow through the exchange rate.

He went on to say, "at Norges Bank we have no specific view on any equilibrium target or views on a specific level for the exchange rate. "

Roubini won't say how much he thinks the exchange rate has to change exactly.

Historically, countries that have suffered debt crises have almost always been helped by a collapse of the exchange rate (see chart).

Although Japan had a high price level, it was important to note that the exchange rate did not reflect purchasing power.

The exchange-rate issue spilled into Thursday's decision by the BOK's monetary policy committee to leave interest rates unchanged.

Then I called up a minute-by-minute chart of the exchange rate of the Japanese yen against the US dollar.

Others suggest that it is because falling inflation has allowed the bank to shift its attention back to the exchange rate.

was favorable, the exchange rate of RMB remained stable, and China's foreign exchange reserve continued to grow.

China took the very important step in June of signaling that they're going to let the exchange rate start to reflect market forces.

For a while the exchange rate had been a balm.

You're a better judge of that than I am, Steve. What do you think will happen to the exchange rate?

He expects the exchange rate against the dollar to reach one-to-one within a year.

Let us hope the leaders will not waste the precious good will and political capital on senseless issues like the exchange rate.

Such a policy could prove "effective" in helping reduce upward pressure on the exchange rate of the yen.

Second, the heart of the issue is not China's exchange rate, per se, but the inflexibility of the exchange rate regime.

In order to guard against exchange rate risks effectively, the inherent nature of the exchange rate volatility series must be found out.

Any change in the exchange rate policy is responsive to the overall situation of the economy of that country.

His choice was that China go to fiat money, control the money supply tightly, and let the exchange rate float.

The management should not become flexible easily, but the floating range of the exchange rate of RMB can be relaxed gradually.

To achieve this result, the Bank of Japan must co-operate with the government to avoid an excessive strengthening of the exchange rate.

Spot Rate The exchange rate shown today for an exchange of two currencies on the settlement date in two business days.

It has forced up the exchange rate, sucked in unproductive luxuries and stoked a boom in construction, particularly around Kabul.

He made a lot of money by watching the exchange rate.

'When the bubble finally burst, capital outflows would set in, causing the exchange rate to plummet, ' he said.

He pointed out, the trade in a country is determined by the market and its degree of openness, not by the exchange rate.

Police told reporters that game as long as they can redeem their points can be used for gambling, the key to the size of the exchange rate.

It would be a huge mistake to reach for the wrong variable, the exchange rate, to solve the saving imbalance.

his concern with the exchange rate, the argument does not stand up to analysis.

As the main carrier of the bubble economy, the exchange rate bubbles are the important factor to induct the bubble economy.

The increasingly close to the exchange rate of the euro, in the event eventually reaches a estimated trend in free fall.

A new bill introduced into America's Senate proposes to punish countries where the exchange rate is found to be "fundamentally misaligned" .

If the authorities did not intervene, the exchange rate would rise.

The first question is: can a central bank out-guess the market in terms of where the underlying market forces are taking the exchange rate?

In setting the exchange rate, it would pay heed to a basket of currencies, it said, as well as "market supply and demand" .

But the immediacy of the crisis distracts attention from slow-burning issues like the exchange rate.

After a year of dragging its heels on the exchange rate, there are signs that China is allowing the pace of appreciation to accelerate.

He would do well to stick to that argument going forward and exclude further pronouncements on the exchange rate.

The empirical results tell us that the impact of the change in the exchange rate on the stock return of the public companies is significant.

China's government maintains firm control over the range and direction of the exchange rate.

Therefore, the exchange rate is a contradiction of a country in the dividend distribution and international competitiveness.

It said that, over time, market forces would be allowed to play a more important role in determining the exchange rate.

Suddenly a large number of foreign exchange inflowing into South Korea inevitably promotes the exchange rate of Won against the dollar.

Another way in which monetary policy retains some of its clout is through the exchange rate.

The exchange rate change is one of the important factors of foreign trade of influencing a country or area.

Then we choose the exchange rate data of RMB against the U. S. dollar to estimate parameters and draw the fitting pictures.

A rise in the exchange rate can lower their costs as it pushes up the price of their product.

Some would argue that the opportunity should be taken to use the exchange rate as an additional instrument for adjustment.

China's government rejects such arguments, saying the exchange rate plays little role in the bilateral balance of trade with the U. S.

The United States, while bent on balancing its fiscal and trade deficits, also tried to seek a solution in the exchange rate.

China is always responsible on the issue of the exchange rate of the Chinese currency, Renminbi (RMB) yuan.

We agree that it rules out the possibility of using the exchange rate to help us adjust more quickly to sudden shocks.

But the influx of dollars created upward pressure on the exchange rate of the Vietnamese dong, which could have hurt exports.

South Korea's export industry should firmly face the challenges, and no longer subject to the exchange rate fluctuations.

The exchange rate is one of the basic economic policies and the ties between a country's foreign economic.

Demand for yuan reserves would push up the exchange rate, discourage exports and give China's consumers greater purchasing power.

First, it is better to let the exchange rate rise sooner and more gradually than to risk a much sharper appreciation later.

As an important international economic activity indicator, the exchange rate has an important impact on a country's foreign trade.

Measuring the effectiveness of these tools is hard, since nobody can know what the exchange rate would be in their absence.

A country with a floating currency could expect a silver lining to capital outflows: the exchange rate would fall, boosting exports.

Therefore, the exchange rate forecast as the basis and precondition for exchange rate risk management is an important step.

The statement pointed to progress China has made since it announced it June that it would allow the exchange rate to move higher.

But how can we maintain the stability of the exchange rate of our currency while keeping its value stable?

But it's better for them to have the exchange rate absorb some of the pressure of what they're going through now. '

Since the exchange rate reform, the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar is on the rise continuously.

Farm exports have been hurt by drought; manufactures by the rise in the exchange rate to a ten-year high.

The exchange rate volatility of RMB is always attracting people's attention.

Quite what effect that would have on the exchange rate is unclear, but the message would be unmistakable.

The price of one currency in terms of another is called the exchange rate.

As China is not a dominant destination for US exports, the exchange rate change actually worsens US competitiveness in every other market.

The prices of the items are in RMB, the payment in other currency should be converted into RMB at the exchange rate then prevailing.

The exchange rate is at the moment.

When it comes to long term, government should adjust the exchange rate institutions to form a more flexible exchange rate.

The implied PPP, our hamburger standard, is the exchange rate that makes the dollar price of a burger the same in each country.

Letting the exchange rate appreciate will also be challenging for Asia and will largely depend on China's currency stance.

The predictability of the exchange rate creates a stable environment for the many who do business with the rest of the world.

Third, the exchange rate policy of a country is decided by this country's economic conditions.

Inflation in an open economy further stimulates imports and discourages exports if the exchange rate is fixed.

But in recent diplomatic exchanges between the two countries the "exchange-rate question" was quietly dropped.

If the exchange rate between the yuan and the US dollar vacillates, Chinese investment will encounter destructive aftermath.

The experience has been mixed since the depegging, however, with the exchange rate moving in both directions.

The experience has been mixed since the depegging, however, with the exchange rate moving in both directions.

Beijing had never ceased reforming the exchange-rate regime since it was introduced .

The exchange rate as an important link of international financial relations, and play an increasingly important role.

First, the elimination of the old dual exchange rate system has stabilized the exchange rate of Renminbi.

If the exchange rate issue is not resolved properly, it will definitely affect national even international economic development.

Third, the fund also calculates the exchange rate that would stabilise the country's foreign assets and liabilities at a reasonable level.

To be fair, one can view the exchange rate as a trigger for deeper structural reform.

Please wait a minute. I'll find out the exchange rate between US dollars and RMB.

The result was a deepening spiral. As capital was withdrawn, the exchange rate depreciated, leading to more capital outflows.

"But we took the same policy as we did in the Asian financial crisis, we decided to stabilise the exchange rate. "

As more nuanced expectations on the exchange rate develop, investors will surely develop a more discerning appetite for dim sum.

The changeover to the euro was planned in detail and the exchange rate was fixed in advance, in co-operation with all the euro members.

The exchange rate risk that the construction unit of the highway faces is shown as the trade risk mainly.

This paper also has confirmed the key element of economy chosen are remarkable variable as for the influence of the exchange rate.

The exchange rate of the renminbi to the dollar has barely budged since its appreciation halted last July.

If the heavier armory implies that the exchange rate will be left alone for now, China may cool passions at home but inflame them overseas.

But arrives at the time which to the exchange rate the fresh target position possibly experiences, he expresses inestimable .

Nor does the UK pile up foreign assets by persistently selling its own currency to manipulate the exchange rate, as does China.

'I have a strong opinion that they're close to moving the exchange rate, ' he told Bloomberg. 'Something's brewing. It could happen anytime.

A great picture from Menzie Chinn shows that in the world, like in the textbooks, the trade balance depends on the exchange rate.

payment must be settled down according to the exchange rate of the day when money is transferred.

A currency is described as managed if the government exerts some influence over the exchange rate, rather than allowing the rate . . .

While the exchange rate is not the magic bullet as widely touted, it is an essential element in redressing global imbalances.

The exchange rate of the D-Mark would have exploded upwards, as currency crises savaged the European economy, as happened in the 1990s.

The local currency you withdraw from ATM is cashed in at the exchange rate of the day you withdraw it.

The decision to keep the exchange rate down also put a lid on the dollar prices of many manufactures .

In 1999 the exchange-rate peg was abandoned and the currency allowed to float, and the central bank was told to target inflation.

As the global economy recovers, they maintain, China's trade surplus will expand again unless action is taken on the exchange rate.

The trade imbalance between China and the US cannot be cured simply by adjusting the exchange rate.

The exchange rate of RMB & USD will be converted according to the foreign exchange quoteprice of that day.

The exchange rate regime should be designed according to a comparison between the cost and the benefit.

Two is the Renminbi gets unhooked with US dollars, and the exchange rate refers to a basket currency formulation.

Adjusting the exchange rate should not take priority over more vexing issues like North Korea, Iran and bilateral trade.

A further appreciation of the exchange rate would help to resolve these problems and guard against resurgence in inflation.

The second reason not to view the exchange rate as a cure-all is that economies, like battleships, tend to turn slowly.

For China, it "s necessary to relieve more pressure of RMB increasing in value in the exchange rate market. "

Sterilized interventions may affect the exchange rate through two channels: portfolio balance and signaling channel.

The exchange-rate and capital controls of the Bretton Woods financial system kept savers from seeking high returns abroad.

In the macro areas, we analyze the risk for the cost of the government policy and the control for the exchange rate of RMB.

Seventh, how references are made to market supply and demand in determining the exchange rate.

Size of the resin had no much effect on the exchange rate, but it affected to time to reach exchange balance.

That could further bolster the argument that an adjustment of the exchange rate could be premature.

So printing enough money to "satisfy the hoarder" is the only way of getting interest rates or the exchange-rate down.

Meanwhile, there is growing evidence that plenty of Brits are taking advantage of the exchange rate to cash in by selling up.

Meanwhile, Germany benefited from the euro crisis, which depressed the exchange rate and boosted its competitiveness further.

At the currency exchange places and various banks of Ulan Bator, the exchange rate of Tugrik to USD is based on the rate of RMB to USD.

Where there is no such provision, the exchange rate risks shall be born by the bidders .

This is true of its policy towards North Korea. It is just as true of its policy towards the exchange rate.

Beyond that, it's too risky. Nobody can tell how the exchange rate will change.

China will push reform of the exchange rate on its own initiative.

'Several directors agreed that the exchange rate is undervalued, ' the report said, without naming names.

Fixing the exchange rate is a form of government intervention.

Finally using panel data fixed-effects model, the dissertation calculates the exchange rate pass-through coefficient.

The argument that China relies too much on external demand has less to do with the growth rate than the exchange rate.

These factors predict that the exchange rate of the RMB will remain stable.

We should discuss currency issues with China, but the exchange rate should not be at the top of the bilateral agenda.

This reveals a fundamental relation between the domestic commodity price and the exchange rate.

Meanwhile, the exchange rate was artificially high, leading to a sharp rise in the trade deficit.

The relationship between the budgetary position and the exchange rate is a delicate and complex one.

China's central bank said it would adjust the exchange rate when necessary depending on market conditions.

Third, further completing the exchange rate formation mechanism and steadily advancing the process of the convertibility of the RMB.

By contrast, encouraging foreign capital to flood in can put upward pressure on the exchange rate, making exports less competitive.

Why? Because if everyone opens up yuan bank accounts, that could increase demand for the currency and push the exchange rate up.

With regard to the problem of the exchange rate of RMB, we have clarified our views on several occasions.

A narrow focus on the exchange rate signals an incomplete understanding of the complexity of the transition.

There is no strong relationship between the exchange rate and the current account.

The PBoC also announced the standard stuff about reforming the exchange rate system and liberalizing financial markets.

The start point is not the exchange rate, but domestic spending.

The exchange rate will be the buying rate of the Shenzhen development bank company ltd .

An excessive and politicised focus on the exchange rate deflects attention from three areas where enduring changes are needed.

Mr Uribe is less convinced that capital controls can do much to affect the exchange rate.

To guard against this, the authors added to their model a measure of how far the exchange rate has shifted from its fair value.

CALIFORNIAN tomato paste exports will mainly depend on the exchange rate this season, say members of the industry.

Beijing had never ceased reforming the exchange-rate regime since it was introduced in 1994.

Future adverse movements in the exchange rate would have otherwise had the effect of making the foreign goods more expensive.

In our case this will take the form of volatility in money market conditions rather than in the exchange rate.

Keep main reserve currencies stable in the exchange rate, and avoid adopting competitive devaluation measures.

Firstly, we examine how the exchange rate movements affect the import price.

The reverse operation would be nothing like as orderly, not least because the exchange rate would be a moving target.

The thesis is mainly divided into four chapters: The first chapter gives a primarily introduction of the exchange rate.

The exchange rate issue remained an immediate major concern of Asian nations, which rely on exports to drive their economic growth.

Transient climate change equilibrium exchange rate The exchange rate when offer and demand are equally balanced.

They see the exchange rate -- and prices and market mechanisms in general -- as tools in a broader development strategy.

The exchange rate is the price of foreign currency in terms of domestic currency, and it varies from time to time.

Their challenge is to achieve the effects of devaluation without altering the exchange rate.

In this thesis, I choose the impact of international hot money on the exchange rate of RMB as my research theme.

It is concluded from the research that the volatility of exchange rate mainly affects the exchange rate risk in international trade.

Any adjustment of the exchange rate should take into account the global economic situation, Ms. Hu said.

especially due to the changes in the exchange rate of the USD.

Against this background, China's commercial banks on the exchange rate risk management study has some practical guide.

Before the euro, the D-Mark was the centre of the exchange rate mechanism.

A rate of about 50 pounds to one dollar has been usual in the early 2000s, but the exchange rate is subject to considerable fluctuations.

As China's experience suggests, keeping the exchange rate weak in support of export-led growth becomes harder to sustain over time.

To maintain the exchange rate stability, the central bank would have to use base money to intervene in the foreign exchange.

"China is in a huge mania, " says Xie. "The No. 1 issue isn't the exchange rate, it's financial mania. "

In essence, the government must decide whether the exchange rate or the price level would be a better anchor for expectations .

In order to answer the question that whether the exchange rate of RMB should be changed or not, we must have a benchmark.

The important thing, some observers say, is the trend in the exchange rate, rather than the short-term rate of change.

They must relax controls over currencies too, so that market-driven pressures clear through the exchange rate rather than FX accumulation.

'A number of others disagreed with the staff's assessment of the level of the exchange rate, ' the summary said.

Then we use the standard deviation and the coefficient of variance to describe the variation of the exchange rate.

In this sense, inflation can hardly be the main factor in determining the exchange rate policy.

The level of interest rates and the exchange rate determine the monetary environment in which the Canadian economy operates.

I am confused about this , does it matter if the exchange rate changed?

Since we integrated the two-track exchange rate in 1994, the exchange rate of the RMB has fluctuated.

From the exchange rate to interest rates and savings rates, reformers in Beijing are slowly moving in the right direction.

If China floats the currency, hot money will likely leave, exerting a powerful downward pressure on the exchange rate.

In addition, we find that moderate intervention on the exchange rate appears to be a better management tool tha. . .

Chinese officials reply to such charges by saying they already are allowing more 'flexibility' in the exchange rate.

Please wait a moment. Ill find out the exchange rate between U. S. dollars and RMB.

These effects of the exchange-rate depreciation do not erase the effect of initial loss of export income.

The exchange rate would shoot up, and capital again would flood in, creating an asset bubble.

When export holds a important position in the economy, the exchange rate adjustment will affect the employment.

The sensitivity of import and export trade to the exchange rate is greater than that of domestic economic variables.

The People's Bank sets very narrow ranges for the price of both domestic money (the interest rate) and foreign money (the exchange rate).

Other considerations further strengthen the Chinese determination not to give in to foreign pressure on the exchange rate.

The bid invitation documents shall prescribe the exchange rate standards and exchange rate risks.

Thirteen emerging markets now target inflation, allowing the exchange rate to float more cleanly.

But China will not do anything to compromise its control of the exchange rate.

So we cannot rely on the exchange rate moving to offset the cost of extra imports.

the turnover of forex market increased greatly and the exchange rate of RMB remained stable.

In sum , Mr Geithner's remark is true and the issue important, but the timing was unhelpful and the focus on the exchange rate misdirected .

Please wait a moment. I'll find out the exchange rate between US dollars and RMB.

The foreign exchange clerk has just given the customer the exchange rate for changing Japanese yen into US dollars.

There is a variety of models for fixing an exchange rate. The choice of the exchange rate anchor is a prime consideration.

Many countries float the exchange rate of their currencies.

The capital-intensive steel industry adjusts faster than other industries after the exchange rate shock.

setting a path for the exchange rate, not the interest rate.

Official voices continue to send the message that major swings in the exchange rate are off the table.

Beijing also rejects the argument that the exchange rate is the reason for America's huge trade deficit.

Examining the situation and issues, the paper presented some points about reforming the exchange rate mechanism.

This is critical to enable me to mock out the exchange rate so the tests can run without talking to the real exchange-rate server.

This pulled in yet more capital and pushed up the exchange rate.

When George Soros, a hedge-fund manager, helped eject the pound from the Exchange Rate Mechanism in 1992, he did Britain a favour.

To control domestic inflation, the peso is overvalued and the exchange rate pegged to the dollar and floating.

The creation of more Icelandic krona would just push down the exchange rate.

The economist observed 'the exchange rate has only short-term effects on import prices and the current account. '

Second, the exchange rate is, none the less, not the central issue.

The Bretton Woods system had strict capital controls, designed to protect the exchange-rate pegs.

The exchange rate of the Renminbi has remained stable.

If an economy carries a lot of short-term debt, high interest rates may wreak such havoc that the exchange rate collapses anyway.

Since the end of the period the exchange rate had weakened further to below 7. 79.

Second sharpe the exchange rate risk measurement monitoring ability.

The exchange rate of pound has fallen against the dollar.

That system is aimed at closely managing the exchange rate and preventing speculation in the yuan .

This article makes selective analysis of influence of the exchange rate risk after the reform of RMB exchange rate system in 2005.

The exchange rate of US dollars is .

Several directors agreed that the exchange rate is undervalued.

The exchange rate appreciation for the impact, the need for dynamic analysis.

After the exchange rate and the axle to 1997 year's end, the Renminbi continuously presented the rise situation to US dollar exchange rate.

More than 1m Hungarian households have mortgages in foreign currency, making them vulnerable to swings in the exchange rate.

"If the exchange rate rises too much, many companies will go bankrupt, " warns Xiang Songzuo, an economist.

Normalizing interest rates will also mean normalizing the exchange rate.

Premier Wen Jiabao pledged last month to stabilise the exchange rate to support exporters.

The exchange rate is calculated by the day of the remittance.

With these concerns, one-way bets on the exchange rate are not something China should encourage.

the exchange rate's fluctuations intensify, increasing more risks.

"The exchange rate must display a sustained, trend appreciation. "

Instead, the contracts are usually settled in dollars, according to the exchange rate on the day.

and developing and perfecting foreign exchange market to hedge the exchange rate risk by using the derivative financial instruments.