staminode

staminodes present or not, sometimes persistent, awl-shaped, spatulate, or petaloid, sometimes connected into a tube.

Staminodes of same color as sepals, not black-brown, glabrous, distinctly differentiated into a claw and an expanded limb.

perianth lobes of female flowers usually connate into a tube, rarely strongly reduced, or absent, staminodes absent.

Labellum with a thickened, central portion and thinner, lateral lobes overlapping with lateral staminodes.

filaments connate into a short cup at base, alternating with dentate or lacerate staminodes.

staminodes when present petaloid, tightly enclosing style and stigma, alternating with petals.

Female flowers: androgynophore very short, staminodes at top of androgynophore in whorl around base of carpels.

Labellum reflexed, adnate to filament to form a slender tube above lateral staminodes and corolla lobes.

staminodes petal-like, margins fimbriate, rarely dentate or entire, apex usually long awned.

Flowers unisexual. Stamens and staminodes of pistillate flower all glabrous.

Filament broad, anther attached to middle of filament; lateral staminodes absent.

Leaf blade nearly 3-lobed, ovate-oblong. Sepals usually bluish white, vein anastomose solitary. Staminodes absent.

Lateral staminodes petaloid, larger than corolla lobes.

Female flowers: staminodes with sterile anthers or filaments only.

Septa, when present, adnate with hypanthium and filaments or staminodes, dividing hypanthium into 5 sacs.

Seeds with long membranous wing; staminodes filiform.

Lateral 2 staminodes of outer whorl petaloid, or forming small teeth at base of labellum, or adnate to labellum, or absent.

Female flowers: staminodes small, inserted at base of carpels.

Female inflorescences capitate on globose receptacle, but without involucre; perianth lobes of female flowers 3 or 4; staminodes absent.

staminodes 5, subulate to triangular, inserted in throat and alternating with corolla lobes.

Leaves more than 4 cm wide. Calyx teeth usually as long as tube. Staminodes capitellate. Nutlets as long as calyx.

staminodes petal-like, alternate to corolla lobes.

Lateral staminodes reduced to small teeth at base of labellum or absent.

staminodes 5, lanceolate to ovate, margin yellowish brown pubescent.

staminodes 5, linear to ligulate, alternating with corolla lobes.

Lateral staminodes subulate, ca. 2 mm, densely glandular hairy.

Leaves 1-3 cm wide. Calyx teeth longer than tube. Staminodes usually lacking or filiform. Nutlets shorter than calyx.

Basal leaf 1, palmatisect, veins dichotomously branched, not anastomosing; staminodes present.

Staminodes 5, tongue-shaped, connate at base, ca. 8 mm, alternating with stamens, much longer than stamens.

Female flowers: perianth small, cupular, 4 or 5-lobed or -toothed, adnate to base of ovary. staminodes absent.

Staminodes minute or absent.

Lateral staminodes red, subulate, ca. 3 mm, adnate to base of labellum.

Stamens 2, anterior stamens reduced to linear staminodes; corolla nearly 2-lipped.

Labellum formed from lateral 2 staminodes of inner whorl.

staminodes 2, very short, with knob like sterile anthers.

staminodes (1-)3 or absent, adnate to adaxial, lower, or adaxial and abaxial sides of corolla tube.

Staminodes 3 or rarely absent, alternate with petals, often clawed, 2-cleft or 2-brachiate and branches with penicillate hairs.

staminodes 3, opposite outer sepals, adherent to their bases.

staminodes linear, ca. 1 mm, pale yellow pubescent.

staminodes absent or 2, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

staminodes 3 or absent, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

staminodes linear-clavate, ca. 3. 5 cm, glabrous, upper part densely verrucose.

Female flowers: staminodes subulate, ca. 1 mm.

staminodes 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube.

staminodes 3, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

staminodes (absent or)1 or 3, adnate to adaxial or adaxial and abaxial sides of corolla tube.

Lateral staminodes pale red, subulate, ca. 1 cm.

lateral lobes obovate-oblong, ca. 5 mm. Lateral staminodes 2, at base of labellum.

Staminodes ca. 7, membranous.

Lateral staminodes subulate, ca. 1 mm wide.

Staminodes 5, petal-like, 3 mm, lengthening after flowering.

Lateral staminodes subulate, ca. 5 mm.

Lateral staminodes subulate, ca. 3 mm.

Basal leaf blade ovate or suborbicular, base truncate or subcuneate. Staminodes (4 or)5-branched.

lobes lanceolate, equal, ca. 3 cm. Lateral staminodes rhombic, 1. 7--2. 5 cm, midvein weak, base narrowed into a claw.

5 tongue-shaped staminodes alternating with 5 stamens.

staminodes 1-3, seldom absent, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

Lateral staminodes hook like, ca. 7 mm.

staminodes flat, ca. 3 mm, (3-)5-lobed, lobes unequal, with inconspicuous glands at apex.

Staminodes ca. 1 mm, stalk ca. 0. 7 mm; petals whitish green, densely purple-brown punctate.

Inflorescence ca. 14 cm; staminodes absent; drupe 3. 5-5 cm, mesocarp thin, endocarp rounded or slightly flattened.

Staminodes clavate, ca. 1 mm.

staminodes 2 or 3, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

Stamens if becoming staminodes 1--1. 2 cm, glabrous, apex attenuate.

Leaves elliptic or narrowly elliptic, rarely obovate; flowers white when dried; staminodes 0. 3-0. 4 mm.

Staminodes partly connate, ca. 1. 5 cm.

Stamens 10, 2-whorled, outer 5 staminodes, inner 5 opposite sepals.

Bracts ca. 1. 5 cm; corolla lobes, lateral staminodes, and labellum to 1. 5 cm.

Stamens (10--)16--40(--90) in 1 or 2 whorls, inserted in throat, sometimes all becoming petal-like staminodes.

staminodes flat, ca. 2. 8 mm, stalk ca. 1. 2 mm, lamina undulate or 5-7-dentate at apex.

Staminodes of same color as sepals, not black-brown, distinctly differentiated into a claw and an expanded limb;

Staminodes black-brown, distinctly differentiated into a claw and an expanded, broad limb;

disk annular, lobed, or dissected, sometimes with staminodes;

Female flower with stamens reduced to subulate staminodes;

Female spike solitary, to 20 cm. Female flowers: staminodes present, inserted on perianth lobes;

staminodes in 2 whorls, persistent, white, base slightly connate to fertile stamens;

outer staminodes 2, white, petaloid, apex emarginate;

filaments glabrous; staminodes 3, or antesepalous one absent;

outermost staminodes narrowly linear, slightly longer than sepals, 1--2 mm wide;

anthers in 5 groups of 3 on outer part of filament tube alternating with staminodes;

Staminodes of female flowers ca. 1 mm, with ovoid anthers;

anthers red, obovoid, ca. 1. 5 mm. Female flowers: staminodes usually scale like;

anthers red, obovoid, ca. 1. 5 mm. Female flowers: staminodes scalelike;

Stamens 3-15, rarely in part staminodes, epipetalous;