smelter

Aluminum smelters, which typically use even more electricity than steel mills, haven't been shut down in the crackdown, he said.

Wu Zexian, China's ambassador to Congo, said he did not know much about the operations of Chinese smelters in Katanga.

The general operating situation including the source, its treatment and results of wastes in domestic nickel smelters are reviewed.

At least 50 per cent of the aluminium produced by the smelters will be allocated to downstream industries in the cities, he says.

Now we have three aluminium smelters, which are the biggest in Europe; and in the space of the next three years they want to build two more.

Industry experts say that smelters in Congo can produce a tonne of copper for about $3, 500.

Mainly farmers and shepherds, the culture also included international traders, potters, and iron smelters, archaeological finds suggest.

Lead in the air comes from myriad sources, including smelters as well as iron and steel foundries.

The official declined to comment on what the provincial government might do if lead smelters were found to be highly polluting.

Due to summer power shortages and competition for feed some smaller-sized smelters are already operating well below capacity.

Copper and iron-ore mines were complicated and required huge infrastructure investments: railroads, roads, power plants, and smelters.

The accident of burning down of converter in a copper smelters sulphuric acid plant was introduced and analyzed.

Its comprehensive coverage focuses on energy and fuel consumption in blast furnaces, electric arc furnaces, and smelters , etc.

Environmental officials in the province said they were launching an inspection of lead smelters.

In principle, Chinese smelters are supposed to pay a market rate for the power they consume, which can account for as much as 40% of costs.

Both industries are constrained by capacity: fishing by quotas and metals by lumpy investments in smelters and power plants.

A shortage of electricity in South Africa, which has forced several big smelters to shut down, has helped cause platinum's giddy ascent.

It sent a team to Bangka to help the illegal smelters clean up their act.

Rio will also sell Chinalco stakes in nine assets - including mines, smelters and a power station - for $12. 3bn.

Recent news that China has been taking action against polluting metals smelters caused prices on the London Metals Exchange to soar.

Countless numbers of small smelters operate beyond the reach of China's central government.

But it has shut down some smelters to cut pollution and energy consumption, reducing output by 1. 3 million metric tons.

US companies are still important, but they are rapidly closing down their US smelters in favour of international expansion.

Production efficiency of aluminum smelters is another key problem.

The country has been buying copper to help its struggling smelters, which have reduced production because of weak demand.

Qatar and Oman also have plans for big new projects. Dubai and Bahrain already have big smelters.

Many other European smelters could close because they are unable to strike cut-price new deals for electricity as older contracts run out.

The largest data centres now rival aluminium smelters in the energy they consume.

Polluting industries such as leather tanneries and metal smelters are no longer tolerated in many Chinese cities.

Chinese smelters are in discussions to export copper under annual contracts for the first time, according to people familiar with the plans.

At the same time, the supply of cheap alumina has dried up, putting many smelters under financial strain.

Now, the China effect could squeeze smelters from the other side.

Alumina import bans have been exacted against smelters with capacity below 100, 000 mts .

The government has taken measures including targeting some lead smelters for closure, but the problem remains acute.

A metals producer that owns mines, smelters and refineries, and in some cases fabricating plants.

"In the future you will not find big smelters in highly populated places with high energy prices, " he says.

If those smelters stay offline for an extended period of time, pressure may mount for them to reopen.

They can inhale lead particles released from smelters, mines and waste incinerators and ingest it after it settles on surfaces.

This hit Chinese smelters particularly hard because they have relatively fewer long-term supply contracts than companies in other countries.

About 45 per cent of China's smelters are in the top cost quartile.

So the smelters keep smelting.

The government is also limiting approvals for new smelters.

But the policy still had an impact on smelters in China.

According to Xinhua, seven other smelters also operate in Wugang City, an area of about 700, 000 residents that includes Wenping town.

But lead can also come from other sources such as smelters, the iron and steelmaking industry, and aircraft fuel.

For example, non-ferrous metal smelters.

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