smallholder

Still, some anecdotal evidence, plus the general increase in food prices, suggests that smallholders are not responding enough.

Just as high oil prices help Africa's petroleum economies, so higher prices for beans, cereals, dairy products and meat boost smallholders.

In Mexico and parts of Central America, as in Colombia and Peru further south but not in Brazil, most coffee farmers are smallholders.

And in Africa, where governments are weak and smallholders are the main deforesters, they may be especially effective.

In response to this, smallholders have developed strategies for (ex ante) risk management and (ex post) risk coping.

Third, we need seeds and fertiliser for the planting season, especially for smallholders in poor countries.

So traders and supermarkets may benefit commercial farmers more than smallholders.

Marx put forward a systematical discussion on the characteristics of smallholders.

Indeed, it is not unusual for foreign investors to pay less tax than local smallholders.

The real remaining barrier is financing: impoverished smallholders lack creditworthiness to get market loans.

Because they are predominantly poor, smallholders are also more likely to experience adverse external shocks than higher income groups.

in order to increase negotiation power with supplier and supermarket , smallholders need set up their own organization.

Tens of millions of smallholders have invested in their own pumps so that they can extract water from shallow aquifers whenever they choose.

Suppliers set up farms form leasing land from smallholders and hire these smallholders as agricultural worker at the farms;

To increase connection between production of smallholders and market demands

To establish law to maintenance legality right of AF suppliers and smallholders;