state-directed

The citizens of those countries lived for decades with state-directed economic planning and regulation, which many now advocate for the U.

The industry's best specimens, meanwhile, are still digesting the consequences of the last state-directed lending spree.

The longer the state-directed flow of loans goes on, the more that exercise looks like a dummy-run.

This would be less politically contentious than conducting the flow through state-directed sovereign wealth funds.

The need to bring in more cash stems from two years of sustained , state - directed lending .

After 30 years of state-directed growth, China is under much less internal political pressure than the Middle Eastern regimes.

But what about this year's state-directed investment boom?

Domestic consumption remains flat, leaving the State-directed investments as the major pillar for the country's GDP.

Any system in which state-directed lending can take precedence over proper credit-risk assessment has its flaws, of course.

Yet in an illustration of the power of China's state-directed sports system, Yang became a world-class kayaker.

The paper contained a curious mix of top-down, state-directed policies alongside bottom-up efforts meant to foster technological innovation.

India's individualistic brand of capitalism may also be more robust than China's state-directed sort.

Similar state-directed lending splurges in the 1990s left companies laden with capital equipment they barely needed, and too much debt.

State-directed capitalism is not a new idea: witness the East India Company.

Some of the state-directed cheap credit that powered the chaebol produced superb companies, such as Samsung Electronics and Hyundai Motors.

And Russia's slide from democracy into state-directed capitalism has lowered the club's political tone.

When China shook the world by moving from Maoism to state-directed capitalism, the earthquake had its Indian aftershocks.

Chinese banks have required a lot of capital to keep up with state-directed lending sprees, so investor bases are subject to churn.

Two of the world's three largest banks by market capitalisation are state-directed Chinese ones.

If the idea is state-directed lending, the banks will waste a fortune and kill enterprise.

Around 75% of China's growth this year will be state-directed, either through public spending or officially induced lending.

But the surge in state-directed investment has fuelled fears about its quality.

Sceptics about China's economic miraclesee the Shanghai shuttle as an example of how badly state-directed banksallocate capital.

Not all Chinese companies are state-directed.

Ensuring blistering expansion requires more and more state-directed investment, which dominates economic activity.

In short, state-directed lending is back.

In China, a huge, state-directed lending binge has propped up demand but is also fuelling asset bubbles, especially in property.

In the first half of the year, state-directed investments contributed 6. 2 percentage points of the 7. 1% GDP growth.

Some Thoughts of the State-directed Secondary College Run by the Local People