Qaddafi

It seemed likely that there was no rebel front line anymore, and no real deterrent to Qaddafi's forces.

Colonel Qaddafi decided it was time to leave, and planned to flee to one of his houses nearby, where he had been born.

The Qaddafi regime may hold out for a while yet, but time is not on its side. It is possible that it may implode.

President George W. Bush was "just shameless, " he said, in "welcoming Qaddafi back into the international community. "

He said he tried to escape with Colonel Qaddafi and other men, walking first to a farm, then to the main road, toward some drainage pipes.

A few days later, air transport was crucial again to Colonel Qaddafi's plan to recapture coastal towns close to Tripoli from rebel hands.

He said that this was anti-government factions hold a dialogue with representatives of the Qaddafi regime prerequisite.

But as long as the enemy is called Qaddafi, they will pull together. Morale is high.

He was not expecting Colonel Qaddafi to reach Benghazi, he said, but wanted a few street-fighting skills under his belt just in case.

Qaddafi vowed to house every Libyan before his own parents. . . he kept his promise & his own father died before he was able to be housed.

Just a week ago it would have been unthinkable to suggest that Muammar Qaddafi could be ousted from power.

Mercenaries from Chad and Liberia -- who were once trained and funded by Qaddafi -- are reported to have come to his aid by the hundreds.

And if Mr Qaddafi uses his air force to kill large numbers of his own people, the world would be right to enforce a no-fly zone over Libya.

Mr Qaddafi broke resistance to his policies with a campaign of random terror against "stray dogs" , as he labelled dissidents.

Colonel Qaddafi came to be referred to as the Leader or the Guide, the oracle for an unsteady revolution.

Now that his beard identifies him as a man of faith, people look at him differently, even with Qaddafi gone.

In other words, the Kremlin was content to stand silently as Qaddafi was killing thousands of his own people.

"Qaddafi doesn't have the power, he doesn't have the position to leave, " he said, referring to himself.

But if pro-Qaddafi insurgents manage to kill just a few foreign oil workers, international investors could shy rapidly away.

The TNC will have to be particularly alert to risks of revenge killings against Qaddafi loyalists, and of score-settling among rebels.

Finally, along the road near the university, Qaddafi's forces were stopped by an army of shabab, local men, and Islamist fighters.

Qaddafi loyalists put up a fierce firefight for a time, but rebels were able to take control of the compound by this afternoon.

Third, thanks to Qaddafi's obsession with a facade of direct democracy, Libya has no experience of party politics and competing interests.

The next day it was Benghazi's turn, Qaddafi appearing to determined to eat up as much territory before international action began.

And then as the Libyan revolution spread, he made bombs and smuggled weapons into Tripoli to help overthrow the Qaddafi government.

If Colonel Qaddafi were unconditionally to accept the need for all of this, it might be worth negotiating with him.

Of course, the alternative, forcing Qaddafi out of power, is fraught with its own problems and complications.

In the days since then, with Colonel Qaddafi having gained ground in Tripoli, the defection no longer seems to be on the table.

Early in the Libyan crisis he carelessly said he would "not dare disturb" his friend, Colonel Qaddafi, about the violence in his country.

Within minutes of my arrival, I watched two of them fight over who got to be the first to kiss a photograph of Qaddafi in the newspaper.

Not without justification, the organization is often seen as a shambolic club for dictators whom Qaddafi himself has enriched .

The military alliance that faced down the Red Army might have been expected to crush the clumsy forces of Colonel Qaddafi in days.

But if Qaddafi should fall, the fate of the country's vast oil wealth would be up in the air.

It's over for Qaddafi. The only solution is for him to leave the country.

After all, Qaddafi was a rather important intelligence source for the United States in the war against al-Qaeda and terrorism.

Then came a vote on the motion that "This house believes that Qaddafi and the others should be tried in Libya, not in The Hague" .

Given the range of uncertainties, the question of targeting Colonel Qaddafi himself becomes more relevant.

Colonel Qaddafi's rapid advance to Benghazi meant that the outside world had to intervene within days or not at all.

But any Western belief that Colonel Qaddafi would be quickly clobbered on the battlefield has, for the moment, been shaken.

No doubt, without Qaddafi, this man would still be a slave washing the dished for White South African Apartheid Regime.

Indeed, Qaddafi's threat to turn the Mediterranean into a zone of instability is a reminder of precisely what a divided Libya could yield.

In Libya's long history of ruthless, ossified dictators, Qaddafi is in a league of his own.

NATO airstrikes against eight Qaddafi warships -- some of which had mined Misrata's port -- will also provide some relief to the population.

Sirte, the stronghold of Colonel Qaddafi's tribe on the coast, continued to stay the eastern advance to the capital.

If Libya's second-largest city fell back in the hands of Qaddafi loyalists, the resolve of Libya's rebellion would probably fall with it.

The rebels were driven out of Bin Jawwad the next day, a precursor to Qaddafi's ruthlessly efficient march east in the following ten days.

Has anyone really seriously thought through the role the U. S. or international community might be expected to play should Qaddafi fall?

Qaddafi's strong anti-authority bent and his tendency to identify with the underdog can be traced back to his childhood.

I spent three whole nights dancing in the tent and after that Qaddafi bluntly told me that I would become his permanent mistress.

After 41 years of his violently capricious rule, Libya's 6. 5m people know Mr Qaddafi well enough to take him seriously.

Qaddafi "spoke the unpalatable truths that others" -- those elites -- "did not dare to articulate. "

This preference has flummoxed protocol offices the world over, notably in Paris, where Qaddafi pitched his tent for a week in 2007.

Qaddafi is still calling on his supporters to fight and vowing to restore his own version of law and order in Tripoli.

Shortly after the coup d'etat that brought Qaddafi to power, he unceremoniously ordered all Italians to leave Libyan territory.

Colonel Qaddafi must have planned to die in battle like Richard III and Macbeth, or to kill himself.

Benghazi is flooded with looted weapons and, with Colonel Qaddafi's forces knocking at the door, new owners are learning how to use them.

When loyalist forces bombed the outskirts of Benghazi a week or so ago, scores of pro-Qaddafi gunmen suddenly surfaced.

At least one of Mr Qaddafi's sons is said to keep a bolthole in the metropolis.

Were these facilities built during the time of the king and his American and British allies, or were they built by Qaddafi?

Moreover, it is all about tribes, not democracy, and Colonel Qaddafi plainly has a lot of them on his side.

By eliminating all rival institutions, Qaddafi has ensured that there is nothing, and no one, to take his place.

Colonel Qaddafi and his henchmen have to be told in credible and very specific terms the price they will pay for any more killing.

Proceedings in the council have been tense since the killing in July of Abdel Fatah Younis, the then commander of the anti-Qaddafi forces.

Given the challenge of predicting what leaders like Colonel Qaddafi might do, think of it as a plea for help.

Eastern Libya, the anti-Qaddafi rebels' stronghold, has long been a hotbed of Islamist activism.

The fate of Muammar Qaddafi after he gave up his nuclear-weapons programme will not encourage Mr Kim to abandon North Korea's.

NATO's assessment (in this week's Economist) was that Colonel Qaddafi had lost all operational capacity.

Colonel Qaddafi had sought refuge in Surt after the rebellion that toppled him in August.

Moreover, it followed an abject apology squeezed out of America after a State Department spokesman had sniggered at Mr Qaddafi.

Further, Qaddafi's successors might be much worse than he was in terms of mistreating Libyans and threatening American interests.

Meanwhile, rebel leaders continued to insist they could fight off Qaddafi's better equipped and organized forces.

Qaddafi had started out well, he said, but in recent years he had gone down the "wrong path. "

As it inveighs against Colonel Qaddafi, its Saudi allies have helped snuff out the flame of democracy in the Gulf state of Bahrain.

Mr Qaddafi has fled to an unknown location, said by some to be an oasis in the far south, near the border with Niger.

Sarkozy defended himself by arguing that Qaddafi needed to be rewarded for his recent gestures toward the West.

But the next day, Ajdabiya was surrounded and besieged, Qaddafi's forces active in the city.

All may change if Colonel Qaddafi can move his forces to the outskirts of Benghazi even if he does not attack the city directly.

So far, the rebels have obtained arms from defecting Qaddafi loyalists, as well as from abandoned ammunitions depots.

Moammar Qaddafi has lost the confidence of his people and the legitimacy to rule, and the aspirations of the Libyan people must be realized.

Qaddafi is a nationalist: Qaddafi has conducted an independent foreign policy and, of course, also independent internal policies.

A rainy day fund of such dimensions helps Colonel Qaddafi withstand economic sanctions and a freeze on Libyan government assets abroad.

At least once a decade, Colonel Qaddafi fomented shocking violence that terrorized Libyans.

Qaddafi declared he would show "no mercy" to his own people.

Now it was all the fault of Colonel Qaddafi, a lying, scheming and ruthless dictator.

Qaddafi's inability to replace the old tribal sectarianism with loyalty to the state made him into an arbitrary dictator of loyalties.

During the four decades that he has governed Libya, Qaddafi has entrenched himself as a dominant political force across the continent.

Russia, China and Brazil did not back strong sanctions on the Qaddafi regime, and they generally supported a negotiated end to the uprising.

Mr Qaddafi is in no immediate danger of losing control of his capital, which houses nearly half Libya's population.

This was the basis for Qaddafi's explanation in his Feb. 28 press conference that he can't resign because he has no official position.

For now Mr Qaddafi appears safe at his headquarters, within the triple walls of the sprawling Bab al-Aziziya barracks near the city centre.

So self-serving are the capital's people, he declared, that they carry a Qaddafi flag in one pocket and a rebel one in the other.

A few hours after the fighting stopped, I noticed columns of smoke coming from the area where Qaddafi's force was said to be.

Abdullah al-Senussi, the hated intelligence chief and the last of the top Qaddafi aides still at large, was detained days later.

How long they are prepared to stick at it if Colonel Qaddafi hang on?

Mr. Liohn said he worried that the Qaddafi forces wouldcounterattack in the afternoon, then added, "And that's what happened. "

Gradually, the noose would tighten around the colonel, especially as the anti-Qaddafi east holds most of Libya's oil.

Although rebel spokesmen claim to have warned known Qaddafi partisans to stay in their houses, some are clearly not deterred.

Applied to Libya, these lessons suggest several courses of action necessary to apprehending Qaddafi.

The United States and its allies need to break the stalemate; Qaddafi only must maintain it.

Qaddafi's soldiers were largely veterans and mercenaries, backed up with significant artillery, most of it Soviet-era.

NATO aircraft cannot play much of a part since Colonel Qaddafi's men are using civilian buildings the Western alliance is loth to bomb.

Though killing Colonel Qaddafi would be regarded as a wonderful stroke of luck, the aims of the new targeting policy are twofold.

The NTC may be less able to restrain its fighters once the threat from Colonel Qaddafi is removed.

His forces are superior in numbers, weaponry and organisation, though neither side can boast much of the last.

The word "Sarkozy" has actually become shorthand for foreign air attacks on Qaddafi's troops.

Qaddafi is one of the most significant arms customers of the Russian military-industrial complex.

Moreover, even after Qaddafi does leave power, 40 years of tyranny has left Libya fractured and without strong civil institutions.

In the face of these protests, the Qaddafi regime responded with brutal crackdowns.

For much of his tenure, Qaddafi directed his ideological anti-colonial ire at Italy, Libya's colonial-era ruler.

Moreover, Colonel Qaddafi is far more isolated and derided by his fellow Arabs than Mr. Assad is.

The United States today showed leadership by announcing that it will impose unilateral sanctions on the Qaddafi regime.

If Colonel Qaddafi were to lose Zawiya and its refinery, the game would probably be up.

Oil production in Libya is now half of what it was before Qaddafi came into power in the 1960s.

In Qaddafi's constellation of enemies, the United States was to occupy a special role.

Those plans may have to be postponed because other governments have frozen Qaddafi's assets.

By waiting weeks, and then only after submitting for United Nations approval, Qaddafi positioned the Libyan chessboard to his liking.

Like her brothers, Qaddafi's only daughter, Aisha, has been a global player.

In Libya, women lawyers were among the earliest anti-Qaddafi organizers in the revolutionary stronghold of Benghazi.

Given Obama's deep personal commitment to nuclear nonproliferation, he would likely be far more inclined to forcibly remove Qaddafi.

In Libya, anything would be better than Mr Qaddafi, say many protesters.

As long as NATO's goal is regime change, which appears to be the case, any bargain with Qaddafi's regime is off the table.

In the face of the world's condemnation, Qaddafi chose to escalate his attacks, launching a military campaign against the Libyan people.

With the tyrant now out of the way, transitional leaders have pledged to raise the artificially low Qaddafi-era wages.

Such assertions of grandeur still produce sniggers, but Mr Qaddafi can claim to have chalked up numerous recent diplomatic successes.

Despite his superior numbers and firepower on land, sea and in the air, the colonel seems mainly to be holding back for now.

With Misrata to the east in the rebels' hands, Colonel Qaddafi and his loyalists had no way to flee Tripoli but into the sea.

They have already lost one of their military commanders, apparently to rebel-affiliated attackers who resented his role in Qaddafi's army.

Had Muammar Qaddafi been killed in an air strike?

Washington should push for the rapid institution of a no-fly zone against the Qaddafi regime.

Colonel Qaddafi was dressed in flowing gold robes and surrounded by traditional African leaders who hailed him as the "king of kings. "

NATO aircraft are continuing their patrols but are less needed, since the rebels now far outgun Colonel Qaddafi's forces.

No doubt the country has changed over the past four decades, but Qaddafi's required reading hasn't.

We all understand that there is strong opposition to Qaddafi, but it's not clear whether there is any internal coherence to that opposition.

This week opposition deputies walked out in protest over Mr Qaddafi's visit to parliament.

In the case of Libya there was never any equivalent enthusiasm to intervene in the fighting between Muammar Qaddafi and the rebels.

The difficult decision is whether Colonel Qaddafi's removal, dead or alive, should be an explicit aim of the enforcers.

Although the French president is now leading the charge against Qaddafi, he once worked to rehabilitate his image in the West.

Meanwhile, the European Union should take the lead in planning for Libya's post-Qaddafi era (as well as in adjacent Egypt and Tunisia).

In this democracy of the masses, Qaddafi would have no formal leadership role.

If we tried to overthrow Qaddafi by force, our coalition would splinter. We would likely have to put U.

It may not happen overnight, as a badly weakened Qaddafi tries desperately to hang on to power.

Fear that Colonel Qaddafi may recover control over the whole country, including the liberated east, may be growing.

There are enormous questions: What will the United States and its allies do if the rebels cannot dislodge Colonel Qaddafi?

We're still making an assessment partly about what Qaddafi's forces are going to be doing.

"You can be a martyr fighting Qaddafi's planes here, " the young recruits shout at teenage newcomers.

We also had the ability to stop Qaddafi's forces in their tracks without putting American troops on the ground.

If Colonel Muammar Qaddafi wants to move to calmer quarters, he would be welcome there.

Libya with Qaddafi in even partial control would be unacceptable to the international community.

Sitting on one of Saif's pink corduroy couches at the Hampstead house, Billy told me what life was like under Qaddafi's rule.

An official greeted me at the Egyptian-Libyan border with a terse assessment: "Qaddafi is a donkey. "

Benghazi's residents seem determined to move toward a peaceful future without Qaddafi -- a future without the Revolutionary Committees.

Colonel Qaddafi survived countless coup and assassination attempts and cracked down harshly afterward, alienating important Libyan tribes.

Germany wanted sanctions against Colonel Qaddafi, but balked when they failed to stop him.

Colonel Qaddafi was also believed to have adopted two children: Hanna and Milad, a nephew.

Which is why, even as the rest of the world has written off Qaddafi as a maniacal loon, the Libyan leader still has friends in Africa.

Why batter Colonel Qaddafi and not intervene on the side of the opposition in Yemen, Bahrain, perhaps even Syria?

" Ryan wrote, " the hotel may be Mr Qaddafi's strength and the opposition do-or-die site, the frightening thought kept in mind.

As in the case of Qaddafi's death, gruesome cell phone footage of Hussein's corpse soon made its way online.

The meeting also resolved to keep up the pressure for Colonel Qaddafi to quit.

It's always been clear in Africa however, that there are no limits to Qaddafi's revolutionary zeal.

Colonel Qaddafi's troops and supporters are rapidly learning just how devastatingly effective western air power can be.

If caught alive, Colonel Qaddafi must be tried, either in Libya or at the International Criminal Court in The Hague.

I cannot see a road back for Qaddafi whatever the current stalemate.

In 1988, the head of Qaddafi's guards was killed and seven others wounded when a convoy was attacked, allegedly by Islamic fundamentalists.

NATO strikes on the compound and other possible leadership locations may also be aimed at frightening Qaddafi's inner circle.

NATO may now be willing to double down on the coercive air campaign it is aiming at Qaddafi.

Colonel Qaddafi said women were not equal to men, but he exhibited them as a symbol of the success of the Libyan revolution.

Two of his brothers are in Libya fighting against Qaddafi's forces now, and he doesn't know whether they are still alive.

Anti-Qaddafi fighters rapidly descended on the scene, telling Reuters they saw people fleeing through some nearby woods and gave pursuit.

The first 20 years of Mr Qaddafi's rule, after a coup he led as a young soldier in 1969, brought wrenching social change.

Many hundreds of them have been rounded up and put in the prisons previously full of anti-Qaddafi dissidents.

A NATO air strike in Tripoli killed one of Muammar Qaddafi's sons, Saif al-Arab, and three of the Libyan leader's grandchildren.

Libya's rebels and NATO should be mildly encouraged by the perceptible erosion suffered by Qaddafi over the past two weeks.

But Ibrahim declined to living in Libya where Qaddafi, Gaddafi said Libya is located in a secret place, and changing the hiding place.

Qaddafi's views on race are confusing, to say the least.

But while Qaddafi could conduct international diplomacy without using English, consular bureaucracy is far less accommodating.

Qaddafi's body was ultimately seized by a brigade of Misurata-based fighters who had been fighting in Surt.

It must make clear that reprisals against surrendering Qaddafi loyalists will not be tolerated.

But by mid-March, Qaddafi's militias had regrouped and his tanks had rumbled back to the outskirts of Benghazi.

In Libya Mr Qaddafi seems to crave blood.

Rebel troops assaulted positions of the Qaddafi forces, forcing them back over a key bridge.

if the mission shifts toward a more aggressive effort to depose Qaddafi, getting public support from Arab states will be crucial.

In a Toyota Land Cruiser, Colonel Qaddafi traveled with his chief of security, a relative, the driver and Mr. Dhao.

Meanwhile, yesterday marked the definitive end of the Qaddafi regime in Libya.

If they thought Qaddafi was a tyrant, wait til' they get a load of their new masters.

Rebel forces drove Qaddafi's troops back from Misrata last month, ending the suffocating siege of the strategically located city.

Meanwhile, Libya began to use what Muammar al-Qaddafi, who had taken power in 1969, called his country's "oil weapon" against the West.

Libya is a major supplier of oil to France and Italy, and for years both countries have enabled Colonel Qaddafi. Mr.

In March, when pro-Qaddafi forces threatened to annihilate Benghazi, Western powers built a broad coalition to save it.

As the debate continued, Qaddafi's forces moved along the coastal road toward Brega.

The raids were seen in some quarters as an attempt to kill Colonel Qaddafi.

He says he was subjected to horrific electric shocks in interrogations overseen by Seif al-Islam el-Qaddafi, one of Muammar's sons.

For the United States and NATO, this is a humanitarian mission, while for Qaddafi and his cronies it is a matter of life or death.

In the eastern hinterland, rebels have hoisted the old tricolour that was the national flag before Colonel Qaddafi took power in 1969.

It is commonly argued that oil cannot be a motive for the intervention because the West had access to the prize under Qaddafi.

In other words, capturing Qaddafi is critical to avoiding prolonged civil strife and achieving a strategically acceptable outcome in Libya.

As for Qaddafi, his death hardly makes a difference for the course of events in Libya over the coming months.

And in March, the international community launched a military operation to save lives and stop Qaddafi's forces in their tracks.

Protecting half of the country while leaving the other to Qaddafi would harden the provinces' resolve to go their own ways.

The fall of Colonel Qaddafi would boost democracy and youthful energy across the Arab world.

Western leaders who helped the anti-Qaddafi fighters throughout the conflict also hailed Colonel Qaddafi's demise.

Others have repainted shutters on shops, which the colonel's officials required to be a monochrome green.

In Tripolitania, Qaddafi would still have the resources and territory to continue to wage war against the opposition.

Qaddafi has promised to carry out terrorist attacks against civilian ships and airliners.

In recent years Mr Qaddafi has appeared to mellow.

Yet Colonel Qaddafi warned his people that the oil would not last.

The demise of Colonel Qaddafi is a vital piece of the jigsaw falling into place.

Qaddafi sent two sorties of jets against the American fleet, which were promptly shot down.

Most importantly, Qaddafi killed, tortured, and jailed -- loyalty had its rewards, while dissent was savagely punished.

and shaking my hand happily, shyly, expressing their gratitude to the West and their outrage at Qaddafi, and their humiliation, too.

Rebels in the western city of Misrata have apparently halted Qaddafi's artillery bombardment of the city center.

The Arab League called for this effort; Arab nations joined a NATO-led coalition that halted Qaddafi's forces in their tracks.

Last month, Qaddafi's grip of fear appeared to give way to the promise of freedom.

All elbowed for new deals, ignoring Qaddafi's dictatorship and focusing instead on his son Saif's grand reform promises.

Most Arab leaders have little love for Colonel Qaddafi, so have muted their criticism of this latest war.

Nasser and his revolutionary nationalism assumed a heroic stature in the mind of Qaddafi and his fellow students.

Fighting units from Misrata, in particular, have been accused of venting their fury on pro-Qaddafi people.

Qaddafi has tried to split the NATO coalition or generate diplomatic pushback to tougher measures.

If the West deems it right to bomb Libya in an effort to force the murderous Muammar Qaddafi from power, why not do the same to Syria?

Video of someone leafing through the passport reveals an interesting discovery: the spelling of Qaddafi's name.

Earlier Saturday, Colonel Qaddafi issued letters warning Mr. Obama and other leaders not to use military force against him.

"The big problem is foreign bombing, not Qaddafi, " says Nasr Abu Bakr, a technician at a power plant in Tobruk.

National leaders tried to mediate. Qaddafi-era police, though back on the streets, were too weak to intervene.

If the Qaddafi clan is replaced by a pro-Western government, Moscow might lose these sales indefinitely.

For many months, the TNC has been working with the international community to prepare for a post-Qaddafi Libya.

"Qaddafi's forces have up-to-date artillery pieces that can fire 40 kilometers, " one rebel told me.

Monday morning, Qaddafi announced that Seif would be forming a committee to investigate what is happening.

During the 1990s a Tuareg militia, many of its members trained and armed by Qaddafi, fought the Niger army over the issue.

Muhammad was among the three of Qaddafi's sons reported captured by the rebels on Sunday evening.

Or the total and immediate end of Qaddafi's four-decade rule?

Redemption: Qaddafi changed his tune in the 2000s, however, taking steps to improve his relations with Europe and the United States.

If this city of 1m fell, Colonel Qaddafi would be free to hunt down the "rats" who have challenged his rule.

The day of the attack, Qaddafi had appeared on national television vowing to stay in Libya.

Qaddafi is Libya and a Libya without him at the helm is unimaginable to him.

Qatar's foreign minister, in the forefront of opposition to Libya's Muammar Qaddafi, visited Mr Assad as an apparent gesture of support.

This reflects not only lingering fears of a pro-Qaddafi fifth column, but continued shortages and the exodus of foreign workers.

rebels reportedly shot down a plane while it was firing on an anti-Qaddafi radio station on Feb.

As The Economist went to press, the UN Security Council was at last discussing this but Colonel Qaddafi was advancing towards Benghazi.

Among these ideas was Colonel Qaddafi's notion of Israteen, a unitary state that would house both Palestine and Israel.

Moreover, America has an important strategic interest in preventing Qaddafi from overrunning those who oppose him.

With the increased revenue, Colonel Qaddafi set about building roads, hospitals, schools and housing.

They're scared that Qaddafi could come back, you know?

It is not to remove Qaddafi by force. But it is impossible to imagine a future for Libya with Qaddafi in power.

Muammar el-Qaddafi, and any insight into those instincts would be enormously valuable to policy makers.

Colonel Qaddafi was a 27-year-old junior officer when he led the bloodless coup that deposed Libya's monarch in 1969.

NTC officials said that Colonel Qaddafi had been wounded and taken away by ambulance.

To show they mean it and to lessen the chance of a pro-Qaddafi revolt, they should invite a few loyalists to join their government.

Within an hour of the news of Colonel Qaddafi's death, Libyans were celebrating.

Six days earlier, Qaddafi's armored columns had halted the rebels on their ill-planned, euphoric advance westward toward Tripoli.

The job of reconciling tribal factions in post-Qaddafi Libya is likely to be contested with equal vigour.