real exchange rate

Classification and measurement of RMB's real exchange rate has always been a drawback of empirical works in RMB exchange rate issue.

It was the combination of a virtually fixed nominal exchange rate with a depreciating real exchange rate that made it so.

A devaluation leads to a real depreciation in the short run but has no effect on the real exchange rate in the long run.

UNCTAD acknowledged it would be hard to set up a "constant real exchange rate" system both technically and politically.

The undervalued real exchange rate is at the heart of the problem.

Yet China seems to meet all the conditions for real exchange rate appreciation.

It also foresaw that over time China's real exchange rate would appreciate against the dollar in line with its faster productivity growth.

In adjusting current accounts, what matters is the real exchange rate (which takes account of relative inflation rates at home and abroad).

China's big surpluses and America's big deficits depend on the real exchange rate between them and all of their trading partners.

A real exchange rate takes account of price movements in each country.

Is there a way of achieving the effects of a fall in the real exchange rate without going to the extremes of ditching the euro?

But a little inflation is welcome: it raises the renminbi's real exchange rate and increases domestic purchasing power.

The Chinese government seems to believe its interest lies in maintaining a highly competitive real exchange rate for as long as possible.

and it has probably played a significant role in the appreciation of the Brazilian real exchange rate, as well.

China is still suffering from serious misalignments in two crucial relative prices: the real exchange rate and the real interest rate.

The real exchange rate takes account of price movements in both the United States and China.

Overheating, in short, is not the problem, but rather the natural solution to an undervalued real exchange rate.

The clean data separated from original RMB real exchange rate shows that it has a deterministic appreciation trend.

But the only long-term solution is a higher real exchange rate, best achieved by letting the renminbi appreciate.

It would be more efficient to implement policies that would change the equilibrium real exchange rate itself.

China depresses the real exchange rate by using a set of fiscal policies and capital controls to generate an extremely high rate of savings.

When China's real exchange rate finally appreciates those reserves will be worth a great deal less.

By keeping its real exchange rate down, China subsidises production of its exports and import substitutes.

Real exchange rate; Mechanical&Electrical Products; Cointegration test; Vector auto-regression model.

The real exchange rate was significantly increased with assurance that the new level would be maintained.

If so, the overall real exchange rate of the renminbi is likely to depreciate.

In normal circumstances, powerful economic forces work against an increasingly undervalued real exchange rate.

The growth in productivity of the catch-up economy usually goes through nominal and real exchange rate appreciation.

If a real exchange rate one would expect to appreciate depreciates, one would also expect China to become more competitive in world markets.

There doesn't exist the Granger causality relationship between RMB bilateral real exchange rate against the USD, its volatility and US FDI .

That should generate a credit expansion, excess demand, a rise in the domestic price level and an appreciation in the real exchange rate.

Garnaut says China's real exchange rate will rise rapidly come what may -- either via nominal appreciation or inflation.

On the other side, China economic growth promotes the revaluation of real exchange rate of RMB, which is the Balassa-Samuelson effect.

The nominal exchange rate regulated by China's and US consumer price indexes is called the real exchange rate.

The changes in real exchange rate have a significant impact on the employment through export prices, export share and the cost of imports.

First, countries with higher growth have higher rate of real wage growth, which makes the real exchange rate grow faster.

Movements in the real exchange rate relative to trend are, of course, imperfect measures of real exchange rate overvaluation.

You're talking about real exchange rate adjustments in which inflation plays a key role.

Over the same period the trade-weighted real exchange rate (calculated by JP Morgan) appreciated by only 13 per cent.

Major real exchange-rate changes will be necessary in response to differential rates of productivity growth.

The following empirical study supports the preceding conclusions and undergoes the super exogeneity test of the real exchange rate.

An alternative way to lift a real exchange rate is through higher inflation than abroad.

And it has taken measures to stem the inflation (and the rise in the real exchange rate) that would otherwise have resulted.

As fattening trade surpluses and historical comparisons show, the real exchange rate is hardly overvalued.

But even this massive collective punishment has had little impact on the country's real exchange rate.

The ADB's economists find that trade in parts is much less sensitive to changes in the real exchange rate than trade in finished products.

Ceteris paribus, deteriorating terms of trade means that the real exchange rate value of the domestic currency will fall.

It is suggested that the expanded B-S effect can well explain the mystery of RMB real exchange rate.

An appreciation of the real exchange rate, ideally via a rise in the nominal exchange rate, would help.

Raise the level of wage increase means that the real exchange rate, while more consumption, thereby reducing China's trade surplus.

The latest CPI also suggest that real exchange rate adjustment is taking place.

The paper examines the impact of trade costs on real exchange rate volatility.

My conclusion is that the case for an appreciation of the Chinese real exchange rate has merit, from a global perspective.

This is relevant to the UK, which has enjoyed a roughly 18 per cent depreciation of the real exchange rate since the crisis began.

Especially 2007 later, RMB real exchange rate has a little overvalued.

Capital inflows from abroad and sharp increases in the world prices of key exports also cause the real exchange rate to appreciate.

From the perspective of long-term study, the real exchange rate appreciation has the negative impact of trade ratio.

Even last December, the trade-weighted real exchange rate calculated by JPMorgan was 7 per cent above its average since 1970.

By that lens, China's real exchange rate is moving at an annual clip approaching 10%.

Textbook economics suggests that a depreciation of the real exchange rate is the right response.

So relative price levels must do the work of real exchange rate appreciation.

The trade-weighted real exchange rate, on the JPMorgan measure, is 10 per cent below the average of the "oil years" between 1980 and 2007.

Because the US is growing less quickly than the emerging world, its real exchange rate should be declining.

Third, a decline in the real exchange rate normally cushions the impact.

Inflation in China is higher than most of its trading partners, meaning that China's real exchange rate is also rising.

To calculate the real exchange rate, you need a gauge of prices in each country.

This paper launched the impact of the RMB real exchange rate appreciation on processing trade in China.

This means that China is targetting the real exchange rate.

If prices rise faster inChina than in America, China's real exchange rate goes up, even if its nominal exchange rate stays the same.

While the mismatch level of RMB real exchange rate brings dramatic negative effect on Sino-US export trade.

Real exchange rate can improve Global Imbalances to some degree.

Two weeks ago, we unveiled a measure of the Chinese real exchange rate based on unit labour costs.

This is critical to enable me to mock out the exchange rate so the tests can run without talking to the real exchange-rate server.

The undervalued Chinese real exchange rate generated a contribution of net exports of 5. 6 per cent of GDP between 2006 and 2008.

After the reform and opening , the real exchange rate in the PRC was underestimated because of the government interventions.

If prices rise faster in China than in America, China's real exchange rate goes up, even if its nominal exchange rate stays the same.

But a real exchange rate depreciation is necessary to restore the country's competitiveness;

IMF: But your real exchange rate has barely strengthened since the late 1990s, despite all the progress you've made since then

Economy Growth, Technology Advancement and The Long - Term Trend of RMB's Real Exchange Rate

The Relationship between the Real Exchange Rate of RMB and Macroeconomic Variables: Empirical Evidence

CNY Real Exchange Rate and Trade Revenue and Expenditure: An Empirical Analysis of China P. R. , The United States and Japan

Implication of the Real Exchange Rate and Foreign Income for Export: An Empirical Analysis of China's Export to the United States

An Empirical Study of the Impact of RMB Real Exchange Rate Misalignment on the Export

Studies on the long run movement of renminbi real exchange rate

The Real Exchange Rate of RMB Determinant and Its Misalignment Empirical Study

The relation between the real exchange rate and capital flows in a small open economy

Real Exchange Rate of RMB and Its Influence on Foreign Trade

Research into the factors influencing long-term Renminbi real exchange rate trends

The Analyses of the Dynamic Relationships between China's Trade, FDI and Real Exchange Rate

Effect of Relative Government Expenditure on Real Exchange Rate of RMB

An empirical study on the relationship between economic growth and RMB'real exchange rate

On the one hand, the real exchange rate of RMB appreciation would reduce China's overall exports of agricultural products;

The Influence of Export Trade Structure to Real Exchange Rate of RMB

The Influence of Fluctuation of Real Exchange Rate on Chinese Import and Export

The Issues should be Adverted to Calculate the Real Exchange Rate of RMB

Study Review of Real Exchange Rate and Evaluation of the Real Exchange Rate of RMB

Research on the current account effect of RMB'real exchange rate misalignment

The Method of Modified Real Exchange Rate and the Renminbi Valuation

On our exchange rate system based on theory of equilibrate real exchange rate

A Study on RMB Real Exchange Rate Misalignment

Exogeneity Test of Exchange Rate System: Analyse Based on RMB Real Exchange Rate

A Study on RMB's Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate

Research on RMB Real Exchange Rate

Research on the Real Exchange Rate of RMB

Study on RMB equilibrium real exchange rate based on FEER method

RMB Real Exchange Rate and Foreign Direct Investment in China