reactor

But utilities seem to be getting better at maintenance; some keep their reactors going more than 90% of the time.

The country currently has 11 nuclear reactors supplying about 1% of its power, but wants to see that contribution rise to at least 5%.

He said it would be "very difficult for emergency workers to get near the reactors. "

He said the rise could possibly be due to a continuous leak of highly radioactive material from the area around the crippled reactors.

'After the large aftershocks of yesterday and today, I've ordered all reactors to have stable access to electricity, ' he said.

One of the reactors was shaken by a jolt nearly two and a half times more powerful than it had been built to withstand.

During that period it became clear that a partial meltdown had taken place in at least one of the six reactors.

if you look around the world at heavy water reactors of this size , virtually all of them have been used to make bombs .

And that's one of the disadvantages, these reactors are not designed to be big but are suitable for highly efficient electric production.

For the moment, however, injections of seawater appear to have created a modicum of stability inside the cores of the two reactors.

Workers there, however, are known to be still trying to cool the damaged reactors.

It accumulates in the cooling water of nuclear reactors and is often vented in small amounts to the environment. Its half-life is 12 years.

Graham grew up outside of Pittsburgh, where his father, a physicist, designed nuclear reactors and his mother raised Graham and his sister.

Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said he was not ruling out the possibility of a meltdown at all three troubled reactors at the plant.

Kan says the timeline for bringing the four damaged reactors into a state of cold shutdown will not be changed.

They might have got through comparatively unscathed, as did the reactors at Fukushima Dai-ni, a similar plant farther along the coast.

We saw dozens of busy workers in other parts of the plant compound, but next to the reactors there was no sign of life.

Some of them say the company, known as Tepco, had opportunities over the decades to retrofit the oldest reactors.

The workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant are trying to cool down the fuel rods inside the nuclear reactors.

Various types of reactors, and combinations of two or three reactors, may be installed and tested.

The problem is, no-one has found a way of making fusion reactors produce more energy than they consume to run.

TEPCO had been operating three out of six reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant at the time of the quake, all of which shut down.

Japanese television reported that the country's Nuclear and Industry Safety Agency said it had detected cesium near one of those reactors.

Japanese crews have been trying to flood reactors with seawater and restore outside power to the plant.

Now much of this expansion looks likely to be curtailed. Even the replacement of reactors may be in question.

Three self-designed electro-catalytic reactors were been used for adjusting the hydraulic retention time.

More recently, the company got caught up in the failure of GE-designed reactors at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant.

The Japanese reactors seem to have survived one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded without major structural damage.

In the process of fighting his way out of the light station, the engine reactors of the space facility were catastrophically damaged.

Mr. Jaczko said the U. S. was monitoring at least four of the reactors at the Fukushima plant, and outlined serious problems.

The company continued to fight problems in several reactors on Wednesday, including a fire at the plant.

It has ordered new reactors from two of the world's nuclear giants, Areva and Westinghouse, and is also building some of its own design.

Nuclear reactors might be used to melt frozen gases and eventually build up the atmosphere.

At least four of the Daiichi reactors, which provide power to Tokyo, are too badly damaged to be repaired.

Only after that, he said, can efforts begin to prepare the plant's four troubled reactors for a cold shutdown.

Australia has no nuclear reactors, none under construction, none planned, nor any nuclear industry whatsoever beyond uranium mining.

They said the operation could last for several days and may be repeated at the number two and number three reactors.

Yes, they said, uranium fuel rods in the tsunami-hit facility's reactors might have been damaged after cooling systems failed.

Officials at the plant seemed unable to stop the one of its reactors from overheating.

The way these pebble bed reactors work is the helium comes in up the side and down through the pebble bed. It's not a fluidised bed.

The defences around the plant's nuclear reactors were wrecked by an earthquake and tsunami in March.

Andolenko said the company was waiting for the Chinese government to decide on four more reactors at the site.

Engineers are trying to prevent meltdowns by flooding the chambers of the nuclear reactors with sea water.

None of the reactors ran for more than eight minutes, but they were considered to have met their goals.

Pebble bed reactors are small , which suits remote and rural areas and makes them easy to expand .

Some nuclear reactors are used to produce the heat that runs machines for ships and for electric power plants .

A reassessment of safety threats to boiling-water reactors, in particular, and also to coastal reactors will result, he said.

The level and nature of contamination in the zone will remain unclear as long as the battle to cool the reactors continues.

It seemed the Japanese were prepared to try anything to cool the damaged reactors at the Fukushima nuclear plant.

'The first thing you do is assure safe shut down of reactors and continued cooling of the reactor cores and the spent-fuel pool, ' he said.

Tokyo Electric Power, which owns the plant, said it had lost the ability to control pressure in some of the reactors.

Since the two nuclear reactors of polluted water pipe burst, causing part of the high pollution of water into the sea.

But Moscow needs Western nuclear safety technology to bring its own nuclear reactors up to world standards, which provides some leverage.

One problem China will face, even if it develops and employs more-advanced reactors, is the lack of enough uranium at home to supply them.

Plant operators are trying to pump seawater into all three reactors to cool the fuel.

SNUPPS, or Standardized Nuclear Unit Power Plant System, is one of a series of pressurized-water reactors built by Westinghouse.

Somewhere, eventually, reactors will get out of control.

Ali Akbar Salehi said the reactors will produce nuclear material that will be exported to other Islamic countries for medical research.

Japan now has 54 nuclear reactors, ranking third in terms of energy output behind the United States and France.

Such a process, Sell said, would result in more-stable nuclear waste with lower radiotoxicity than waste currently produced by reactors.

The impurities are washed out with methanol, I think , before this gas is sent on to reactors where it's changed into oil.

"We have approximately 104 unique nuclear reactors in the United States, " he said.

All three distressed reactors are thought to have at least partly melted down.

The utility said it was sending remote-controlled robots into one of the reactors on Sunday to gauge radiation and temperature levels.

And they published this book in 1937, where they actually began to think about, what could you do in bio-reactors to grow whole organs?

Engineers are now rushing to stabilize at least two overheated reactors by injecting seawater into their cores.

The defences have failed badly at all three of the reactors which were running at the time the earthquake hit.

Reactors have recently been built which ale capable of genemting up to several hundred megawatts.

"The possibility for China to shut down operating nuclear reactors during the present inspections is very small, " he said.

There was no immediate report of damage or setbacks to the effort to bring the nuclear reactors under control.

If it fails to restart halted reactors, Japan will be without nuclear power in less than nine months.

The Japanese have now reportedly done this using seawater in at least two of the troubled reactors.

For example, he said the emergency injection of water to cool the reactors followed the accident-management protocol.

Safety concerns dog China's favoured "fast reactors" , while radioactive-waste is the problem no one seems able to solve.

Had the nation not panicked, it would now have many more nuclear reactors, making the shift to a low-carbon economy significantly easier.

Opponents of the planned set of nuclear reactors vow they will press forward with a mass rally set to culminate in Jaitapur next Monday.

It has also continued to develop a novel "pebble bed" nuclear reactor that is smaller and probably safer than conventional reactors.

None was available to the general public anymore. Those sites included two devoted to pipelines, one to nuclear reactors and one to dams.

The plant's reactors have two to three backup generators each, he said, but the tsunami knocked them out.

To stabilize the reactors and restart cooling systems, the company rushed to reconnect the power plant to the electric grid.

A number of oil refineries caught fire along the northeast coast and at least 11 nuclear reactors have been closed.

And, most importantly perhaps, it must trust reactor designers to create new reactors that do not share the vulnerabilities of older ones.

This will result in a greater reliance on renewable energy, more nuclear reactors and a continuing shift from coal to gas, it says.

In addition, the time when the reactor starts up in iodine pit is a very important factor for nuclear reactors safety.

That renaissance is now stuck in its tracks, even if only temporarily, as governments review the safety of their reactors.

As the battle to make safe the Fukushima nuclear reactors continues, the political fallout is spreading across Japan and around the world.

Fires, explosions and a partial melting of cores have taken place at four of the six reactors at the Fukushima nuclear center.

The United States should use the occasion to reexamine the safety of its operating nuclear reactors, especially the older ones.

Officials and some independent experts said they suspected it was caused by leaks in pipes and pumps running in and out of the reactors.

Over the next two days, the two other operating reactors at Fukushima Daiichi followed a similar path.

He has called for an independent study of the risk posed by "dangerous faults in close proximity to California's aging reactors. "

A better option to reduce the generated biosolids might be an anaerobic digestion using up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASB).

The operation was intended to help cool the reactors and also to replenish water in a storage pond with spent fuel rods.

Lunchroom conversations at reactors frequently turn to what operators would do in a severe emergency.

Similarly, the world will not learn what happened inside the Fukushima reactors for years, assuming things do not get worse.

all that was available were back-up systems powered by steam from the reactors themselves.

The implication was that Japan's nuclear reactors could not cope with earthquakes.

Mr. Immelt said that the steel encasement of the reactors has yet to be breached, a critical element in preventing an even worse situation.

Flooding the reactors with sea water effectively ends their life. The reactor cores will have to be dismantled.

'We can expect to see more fluctuations in the radiation levels as we continue venting the No. 1 and No. 3 reactors, ' he said.

Investigating the stability characteristics of natural circulation boiling water reactors using Root Loci of a reduced-order model.

Defense Department warned in the document, the British nuclear submarine reactors may not be safe.

Design of an over moderated fuel and a full MOX core for plutonium consumption in boiling water reactors.

Tens of thousands of residents were evacuated from an exclusion zone around the plant as workers battled to bring reactors under control.

Japan has asked for international help as it battles to cool nuclear reactors at a power station damaged in Friday's earthquake and tsunami.

At the IAEA, India wants the right not just to say which reactors can be inspected, but when.

One of the work is developing the applications of marine reactors serious accidents interface system.

And "partial meltdown" was the case for three Japan reactors following the devastating earthquake and tsunami in March.

Mini- reactors could last up to 100 years without refuelling , unlike today 's units which need replenishing every few years .

That was based on the steam coming out of the reactors and on the lower levels of radioactivity around the plant.

In 1967, Iran in Tehran, the United States help build nuclear reactors, highly enriched uranium provided by the United States as a fuel.

For nuclear energy to expand, the public must trust the nuclear industry. It must trust reactor operators to run their reactors safely.

Winning the China contract could help Westinghouse 's technology become a standard for a new, so-called third generation of reactors.

Unit 2 initially appeared to be in better shape than the other two reactors.

Many countries in the world began to review the safety of their nuclear reactors after Japan's nuclear crisis.

A novel concept of gas - liquid reactors, bubble effectiveness, is presented.

But after two earthquakes in less than four years shook Japanese reactors beyond their design limits, this argument is simply not credible.

I'd still be buying at this level, given the amount of proposed reactors popping up all over the globe.

On Monday, Switzerland joined Germany in saying that it would reassess the safety of nuclear reactors and possibly reduce reliance on them.

Such reactors have both a batch and a flow character and, like batch reactors, are useful for slow reactions and low production rates.

However, business lobbies say it could be ruinous if the reactors do not reopen.

Nuclear operators welcomed the move and announced plans for at least four new reactors with the first running by late 2017.

In 2003, regulators closed all its reactors for a month after safety data were found to have been faked.

He said that so few staff couldn't possibly be expected to babysit six reactors in the current conditions.

The characteristics, types, developments of the heterogeneous photocatalytic reactors are presented.

Meanwhile, people once again worried about nuclear power plant accident, resulting in a number of reactors to postpone the restart.

An accident has occurred at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, damaging one of the reactors.

Another area of scrutiny is the proximity of the plant's six reactors to one another.

What was believed to be steam was seen rising from reactors Nos. 1-4 Thursday morning, apparently vapor evaporating off storage pools.

But Pyongyang later said it first wants to be provided with light-water nuclear reactors for civilian energy production.

Were these ancient reactors in Gabon the only ones ever to have formed on the earth?

Wednesday's flare-up forced a quick evacuation of the workers at the reactors, as officials said they weren't sure of the cause.

The feasibility study of using low enriched uranium for conversion of Russian plutonium production reactors.

The site, about 20 miles from Avignon, has no nuclear reactors, the authority said.

Tepco on Tuesday said the temperature at the Daiichi plant's reactors No 5 and 6 had risen above normal levels.

But in terms of the different types of reactors the fuel form is the same uranium dioxide.

The United States hasn't had a meltdown since at any of its more than 100 reactors.

The document contains detailed assessments of each of the plant's six reactors along with recommendations for action.

For the long term the plan lists nuclear fusion, solar electric energy and the study of breeder reactors as priorities.

This improvement has combined with growing concern about climate change to encourage western governments to look again at building reactors.

General Atomics has built more than five dozen small reactors over the years, mostly for research purposes, including two gas-cooled units.

Fukushima Daiichi's three active reactors went into automatic shutdown, called a 'scram. '

Mr Gates ' TerraPower and Toshiba are investigating technology for mini- reactors, which are more cost-efficient than conventional units .

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear fission in nuclear reactors to generate electricity by the release of the way the heat.

The next test of the nuclear vendors' mettle will be the bidding this year to build four nuclear reactors in Vietnam.

Fukushima's nuclear reactors had been built to withstand the worst, including earthquakes and tsunamis.

America's faltering steps towards new reactors look sure to be set back, not least because new concerns will mean greater costs.

Neutron anisotropic scattering effect in heterogeneous cell calculations of light water reactors.

These reactors are a fraction of the size of traditional reactors and are considered safer to operate.

If the industry is to thrive, safety needs to be paramount, wherever new reactors are built.

In this paper, overall seismic performance of the insulators structure used in reactors is analyzed.

In fact the JRC analysis says it has already overtaken France, which uses nuclear reactors to generate 80% of its electricity, and Spain.

Fast reactors, in contrast, do not employ moderators and use much faster neutrons to produce fissions.

Given the core damage in the reactors, the plant operators may have decided that the reactors were a higher priority than the pools.

That didn't happen at Fukushima Daiichi, a complex with a number of reactors: backups to backups to the pumps' power supplies failed.

New safety rules issued by Washington after the accident drove the cost of reactors up and up, and no new plants were ordered for 30 years.

Concept of erbium doped Uranium oxide fuel cycle in light water reactors.

Fermentation tanks, reactors, centrifuges, and other pieces of equipment are readily used or adapted for a variety of products.

Liquid helium cools infrared detectors, nuclear reactors, and the superconducting magnets used in MRI machines, too.

Three older reactors have been decommissioned under the terms of Slovakia's accession agreement with the European Union.

Workers at the Fukushima Daiichi plant have been battling to cool reactors and spent fuel ponds to avoid a large-scale release of radiation.

Studies on the comprehensive methodology for structuring accident mitigation systems for mext-generation pressurized water reactors.

Fuel rods that were producing fission have cooled substantially since the reactors shut down.

Some other countries will also go ahead: Russia says it sees no reason to stop work on ten reactors that are in development.

Electricity can be produced by wind, sunlight, biomass or nuclear reactors, and cars can be powered by biofuels and electricity.

The authorities are hoping to complete a "cold shutdown" of the damaged reactors by the end of the year.

Although Japan is a major vendor of nuclear-power technology, its own reactors are surprisingly unproductive.

The revelations could trigger fresh concerns about the wisdom of building reactors in one of the world's most active earthquake zones.

Small-scale catalyst reactors can be tested thoroughly and the kinetic rate data analyzed to provide the intrinsic reaction rate.

In fact, it's an American nuclear disaster. All four reactors hit by explosions were built by the American General Electric Company.

But in nuclear reactors, which contain far less fissionable material, the chain reaction and the release of energy are carefully controlled.

Nuclear reactors emit almost none of the greenhouse gases responsible forglobal warming.

"Even a rough calculation of conditions inside the reactors would have helped in choosing the best response in the shortest time. "

Now they've declared five nuclear emergencies for each of these five nuclear reactors.

RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK. IMMERSED TRACTION TRANSFORMERS AND REACTORS. TECHNOLOGICAL PROVISIONS.

Japan's reactors must be taken out of service every 13 months for fresh fuel, inspections and repairs.

The inhibitor for coke formaation in the Pyrolysis of light gas oil is studied using a set of continuous tube reactors.

Chancellor Angela Merkel's predecessor Gerhard Schroeder had decided to mothball the reactors by around 2020.

Cooling systems are used in automobiles, industrial plant machinery, nuclear reactors, and many other types of Buildings.

The law of magnetic field distribution of dry type half-iron-core reactors is studied by using field-circuit coupling method.

The German government shut down seven nuclear reactors right after the Japanese accident.

The plant's reactors have been shut since the March 11 earthquake and tsunami that heavily damaged the plant.

And even with such fast-neutron reactors, the amount of potentially worrisome material for making nuclear weapons does not change.

Maintain, repair, install and test switchgear, transformers, switchboard meters, regulators and reactors.

This seems to have happened to some extent in all three reactors.

In 2002, it was found to have routinely lied about safety data relating to cracks in its reactors.

Heavy water heat exchanger is an important equipment of heavy water system in the two constructing research reactors.

The reactors are the legacy of France's determination to ensure energy independence given its paucity of fossil fuel resources.

However, local residents are not sure they want to see those reactors back online yet.

The physicist worked as a technical assistant experimenting with nuclear reactors, using uranium.

The there gaseous reactants are premixed and fed to the bottom of the reactors.

During this period, the company expects to bring the water temperature in the reactors fully under control.

Moon dust contains hydrogen, which could be used to power rockets, as well as helium-3, a potential fuel for fusion reactors.

More as a result of these hold ups than earthquake damage, only 19 of Japan's 54 nuclear reactors are now in operation.

Fast reactors have operated in various countries since the 1950s, with some producing electricity commercially.

American power companies may start building reactors again by the end of this year.

Early on Saturday Tepco said it had lost the ability to control pressure at the No. 1 and 2 reactors.

In 2008 the previous Labour government approved the building of a new generation of nuclear reactors.

The results achieved are valuable for the design and optimization of this kind of reactors.

The present situation of cyclone separators used in acrylonitrile fluidized-bed reactors is briefly analysed.

in Asia reactors built at the end of a batch have proved cheaper than earlier ones.

Today, most of the uranium used in American reactors comes from Canada, Australia, and Russia.

Four SDF troops sustained injuries when an explosion occurred at one of the reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant Monday.

Aimed at the technical process of coal gasification reactors production, a suit of monitoring software of the host computer is designed.

The problem of lag synchronization for chemical reaction system composed of two continuous stirred tank reactors is proposed.

Development and application of the reactor coolant on-line leakage evaluation model for pressurized water reactors.

How are these different from pressurized-water reactors in terms of cooling?

The damaged reactors have yet to be brought to a cold shutdown state.

That would have meant adding at least 14 new reactors to the 54 already in operation.

A second explosion, about noon local time Monday, destroyed an outer building at another of the plant's reactors.

Yet several companies are now working on a new generation of reactors that are about the same size as a refrigerator.

A company backed by Microsoft chairman Bill Gates is in talks with Japan's Toshiba to develop a new generation of nuclear reactors.

Computational Fluid Dynamics( CFD ) provides a method for investigating the complex fluid field in mechanically stirred tank reactors.

Many companies have been banking on demand from China as a prime source of new nuclear reactors.

The Swiss cabinet called for the decommissioning of the country's five nuclear power reactors and new energy sources to replace them.

The fast neutrons reactors, the sodium, the fuel cycle: evaluation of the knowledge innovation potential and forecast.

Varyag no longer has the nuclear reactors that were installed by the Ukrainian state-run Generating Systems of Crimea.

She had long pushed for the toughest safety standards for reactors, despite the cost.

As the production rate requirement increases, batteries of CSTRs become increasingly complex and tubular reactors become attractive.

The company used two different designs for safeguarding its 10 reactors in Fukushima.

pumpkin in small reactors, each wrapped in depression, grading both sides of the pan fried to a golden brown, served hot (Figure 6).

In Australia, which has plenty of uranium but no reactors, the prime minister, John Howard, says nuclear power is "inevitable" .

Army helicopters have dumped tons of water on the striken nuclear power plant in a desparate attempt to cool the damaged reactors.

As TEPCO has regained control of its reactors, people have been trickling back.

To that end, ministers hope to encourage a mix of nuclear reactors and wind-, wave- and solar-powered electricity.

It includes simultaneous consideration of kinetics and heat transfer, both critical to the performance of real chemical reactors.

Effective utilization of weapon-grade plutonium to upgrade repeatedly-reprocessed mixed-oxide fuel for use in pressurized water reactors.

International Topical Workshop on "Proliferation-Resistance in Innovative Reactors and Fuel Cycles. "

Japanese army helicopters on Thursday dumped water on the reactors to try to cool overheated fuel rods.

A proposal to Asian countries with operating research reactors for making nuclear criticality safety benchmark evaluations.

Technicians there are struggling to make safe reactors damaged by the quake and the wall of water that's swept through the complex.

Radiation levels at the site spiked as engineers vented contaminated steam from both reactors to relieve pressure building up inside.

They produce less toxic waste to be stored indefinitely, and some can even consume waste left over from current, outmoded reactors.

In the types of reactors involved, water is used to cool the reactor core and produce steam to turn the turbines that make electricity.

Despite the government seal of approval none of the cleared reactors have been restarted.

The cooling functions at two other reactors at the site were apparently working again, a development that could ease the nuclear emergency.

But officials say it may take until Sunday for the electricity to start flowing to the damaged reactors.

The only country sending a clear signal about sticking to development goals is China, with nearly half the world's 155 planned reactors.

Last year, Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute said it had been hired to design the two new reactors.

The fluid flow and mix are the basic of mass and heat transfer in reactors, and also a reference to the design for reactors.

Such reactors were proposed in the 1960s but rarely pursued; only a few have ever been built.

Nuclear power has also been controversial in Taiwan, where all four of the island's existing reactors are built near major fault lines.

The operating reactors shut down when the quake happened, as they were designed to do.

Experimental and numerical investigation of boron dilution transients in pressurized water reactors.

China is now adding more than 24 reactors, which includes five plants scheduled to start construction this year.

But to the surprise of power companies, communities started balking at restarting reactors that were idled for routine inspections.

Two nuclear reactors at a power plant in Virginia went off line, while traffic lights were knocked out throughout Washington.

Tepco confidently built six nuclear reactors the Fukushima complex overlooking a fault zone, where earthquakes and tsunamis can happen.

The submarines are powered by nuclear reactors and carry as many as 16 ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads . The U.

The United States have the first complete nuclear power plant and industrial nuclear reactors.