plutonium

The number varies because experts aren't sure how much plutonium Pyongyang uses for each device.

Dealing with the phase-out of plutonium might be more difficult, as it remains part of some countries' fuel cycles and power generation.

Much of this remains dangerous for thousands of years, and a proportion of it can be used to produce weapons-grade plutonium.

Some experts theorize the plutonium might have come from pools at the facility that hold spent fuel rods.

It is possible that, down the road, plutonium inhalation could be a concern, but it's still a relatively small one.

The company said the plutonium was found at low levels that pose no risk to human health and are unlikely to affect the repair work.

But a stronger impact could have sent both subs and their crews to the bottom and possibly dispersed plutonium into surrounding waters.

Some plutonium-powered thermogenerators have also been used to run equipment like lighthouses and radio beacons in isolated areas.

In the process, plutonium is split from the spent uranium and fed into a reactor to produce more power--or used to make nuclear weapons.

The U. N. agency also said the two sides agreed on how to resolve remaining issues regarding Iran's past plutonium experiments.

Staff at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee thwart the author's efforts to get his hands on some weapons-grade plutonium.

Growing pools of dangerously radioactive water and deposits of plutonium have been inhibiting access to important parts of the plant.

Evaporation in the cooling pools used for spent fuel rods led to the detonation of stored weapons-grade plutonium and uranium.

It means they will no longer be able to produce the plutonium for those nuclear weapons made out of plutonium.

This reprocessed plutonium can be used both for energy production or to produce nuclear weapons.

There was more bad news from the Fukushima plant today, as scientists confirmed they had found Plutonium in nearby soil.

He added that the proposed arrangement would be much less risky than having pure plutonium stored and transported around the world.

He participated in criticality testing of plutonium cores, often referred to as "tickling the dragon's tail" .

During an era when plutonium for weapons was considered essential and uranium supplies were thought to be scarce, breeders were a hot item.

The sparkling centrifuges were close to a disabled plutonium reactor at Yongbyon, a site intensely monitored by US satellites.

New Delhi is estimated to have manufactured weapons-grade plutonium for at least 100 warheads.

Scientists can thus find out whether the charge would have detonated, had it been made of plutonium.

Not fission, whereby uranium and plutonium breaks up in pieces, but fusion.

Also, there are challenges in between converting the plutonium into fuel for a nuclear power plant and actually producing power with it.

Imagine the reaction, in this tense climate, if it was found that enough plutonium for several crude bombs had gone missing.

Thermodynamic study of the behavior of uranium and plutonium during thermal treatment under reducing and oxidizing modes.

But a more dangerous material, plutonium, has also been found in soil near the power plant.

The plutonium records eradicate just one obstacle among the myriad of "serious and complex" hurdles to the North's nuclear disarmament.

Furthermore, if the total neutron counts outside the container is known, the total mass of plutonium in the sample can be estimated.

The plutonium at Fukushima isn't in the air, but inhaling about 20 milligrams of plutonium would probably kill you within a few months.

It has also announced plans to make more plutonium-based bombs, and to push ahead with a uranium-enrichment programme.

Earlier this month it said it had produced more weapons-grade plutonium.

Design of an over moderated fuel and a full MOX core for plutonium consumption in boiling water reactors.

Very long half-life of plutonium, will enter the body with breathing a high likelihood of cancer.

Formulas to correct excess pressure and pressure and pressure shift to Be Used in Volume measurement for plutonium nitrate solution.

Plutonium may be grabbing the headlines right now, but it's not the most dangerous substance being emitted from Fukushima.

Plutonium chemistry: a synthesis of experimental data and a quantitative model for plutonium oxide solubility.

'It might be premature for China to jump into industrial plutonium separation right now, ' Mr. Hibbs said.

Validation efforts for the neutronics of a plutonium-erbium-zirconium oxide inert matrix light water reactor fuel.

Over 2000 tons of plutonium and highly enriched uranium exist in dozens of countries with a variety of peaceful as well as military uses.

In return, Pyongyang would agree to freeze its plutonium reactor as the first stage of a process that would lead to complete disarmament.

The feasibility study of using low enriched uranium for conversion of Russian plutonium production reactors.

However , the actual weight of uranium or plutonium in such a weapon is greater than this amount .

In a major and welcomed development, Russia announced that it will close its last weapons-grade plutonium production reactor.

When enriched to a high degree, uranium can be used as weapons-grade material. Plutonium can be used in atomic bombs.

Some of these tests involve smashing or shooting at small shards of plutonium.

It, too, is a relatively minor threat: Plutonium is a heavy element that does not dissolve easily in water.

It is pressing for U. S. permission to recycle plutonium from spent power-reactor fuel, originally supplied by the United States.

Both uranium and plutonium are radioactive, and their activity consists in the emission of what are called "alpha particles"

Accounting has since improved, and the country is now thought to have around 145 metric tons of weapons-grade plutonium.

Temperature reactivity effects in pebbles of a high-temperature reactor fueled with reactor-grade plutonium.

Fissile materials used in nuclear bomb production include highly enriched uranium and plutonium.

It also submitted a declaration of its nuclear activities, limited mainly to Yongbyon's plutonium production.

Mixed oxide fuel rods are partly made of plutonium. These fuel rods are partly exposed.

Storage-transportation safety experiment, measured plutonium dispersal risk.

Conceptual studies for pressurized water reactor cores employing plutonium-zirconium oxide inert matrix fuel assemblies.

And testing the nuclear arsenal requires much more than simulating the behavior of the plutonium inside a bomb.

Some critics say the summit came up short in securing solid commitments for the disposal of weapons-grade uranium and plutonium.

The United States is building a new facility at the Savannah River Plant in South Carolina that should begin burning the plutonium by 2018.

Effective utilization of weapon-grade plutonium to upgrade repeatedly-reprocessed mixed-oxide fuel for use in pressurized water reactors.

Scientists hope to have five years for studies beyond the solar system before Voyager 1's plutonium power source is depleted.

Maybe keep a few little bombs of plutonium on the side.

These elements may not be quite as radioactive as plutonium, but if ingested or inhaled, they also pose a risk of causing cancer.

The severity of Japan's crisis shouldn't be downplayed, but plutonium is not the element that should be keeping people up at night.

Japan already has a large stock of plutonium from its civil nuclear programme, and could probably develop a bomb within months.

Current status of researches on the plutonium rock-like oxide fuel and its burning in light water reactors.

Pyongyang already has a small stockpile of plutonium but enriched uranium can provide an alternative route to weapons grade material.

These atom towns produced plutonium for the Soviet Union's war machine and provided atomic energy for the largest country on earth.

Uranium and plutonium are most likely to find their way into weapons via the enrichment and reprocessing of fuel for nuclear power plants.

The solution in tank was supposed to be "lean" , typically less than 0. 1 grams of plutonium per liter.

These actions have halted the DPRK's ability to produce additional weapons-grade plutonium for its nuclear weapons program.

John Holdren's recent talk on proliferation hazards of plutonium when reprocessed, and when disposed of in geologic repositories.

It reflects the changes of energetic state of plutonium atom in the process forming plutonium hydride.

DETERMINATION OF PLUTONIUM IN PURE PLUTONIUM NITRATE SOLUTIONS. GRAVIMETRIC METHOD.

Process modeling of plutonium conversion and mixed-oxide fuel fabrication for plutonium disposition.

Uranium and plutonium are radioelements, which are widely used in the military area.

Japan has had similar discrepancies at a plant that blends plutonium with uranium to make mixed-oxide fuel.

The provocative statements were made as North Korea took initial steps to restart its plutonium-based nuclear reactor in Yongbyon.

Re-evaluation of the phase relationship between plutonium and zirconium dioxides.

This will eventually allow India to extract plutonium from spent reactor fuel of American origin.

Mixedoutsideoxide fuel rods are partly made of plutonium.

In response to the neutrons, some of the plutonium atoms split apart, releasing energy and more neutrons.

Disabling the plutonium reactor is an achievement, and we do gain badly needed intelligence by simply being there on the ground to inspect.

Mixedupsideoxide fuel rods are partly made of plutonium.

It intends to become a major commercial plutonium hub and may develop a uranium enrichment industry.

Parametric studies on plutonium transmutation using uranium-free fuels in light water reactors.

The GBAE controls North Korea's nuclear programme, including the Yongbyon nuclear research centre and plutonium production facilities.

Alchemy, or transmutation, has placed new elements on the periodic table, including plutonium.

VERIFICATION OF SAMPLES OF URANYL OR PLUTONIUM NITRATE SOLUTIONS BY DENSITY MEASUREMENTS.

A mixed-oxide assembly design for rapid disposition of weapons plutonium in pressurized water reactors.

South Korea admitted experimenting with traces of plutonium, in 1982, and with uranium enrichment, in 2000.

The escape of neutrons occurs at the exterior of the uranium(or plutonium)material.

But first Iran must freeze uranium work at today's level and, if talks progress, suspend its uranium and plutonium effort.

Mixed oxide (MOX) fuel rods, partly composed of especially toxic plutonium are partially exposed.

The plutonium that Tepco reported Monday was found after workers tested five sites around the plant on March 21 and 22.

North Korea is expected to own up to possessing 30-40kg of plutonium; America estimates the true figure could be 40-50kg.

In the simplest terms, the latest bad news is that traces of plutonium have been found in soil samples near the stricken reactors.

the commonest isotope of uranium; it is not fissionable but when irradiated with neutrons it produces fissionable plutonium 239.

The United States and Russia signed an agreement to dispose of 68 tons of weapons-grade plutonium.

Heavier atoms, such as those of plutonium, also important for the release of atomic energy, have been made artificially from uranium.

Performance of near-weapons-grade plutonium fuel pins in commercial light water reactors.

He says a compromise deal would focus narrowly on the North's plutonium-related nuclear activities.

Safety issues associated with plutonium involvement in the nuclear fuel cycle.

If Japan stands down from producing more nuclear-weapons-usable plutonium, China's need to hedge would naturally decline.

Selection of materials as diluent for burning of plutonium fuels in nuclear reactors.

Thermal conductivity of uranium-plutonium oxide fuel for fast reactors.

This mixture of plutonium and other radioactive elements could then be turned into fuel suitable for use in "fast" reactors.

So the other five persuaded themselves that the plutonium count would do for now.

It has enough plutonium to explode about eight bombs.

Now, hold on to your plutonium-proof underpants.

Neutronic analysis of U-free inert matrix and thoria fuels for plutonium disposition in pressurized water reactors.

Spent nuclear fuel containing plutonium could be useable as weapons material, according to Sell.

Uranium is less suitable for powerful nuclear weapons than plutonium.

Pyongyang already probably has enough plutonium for six to eight nuclear bombs and tested its first nuclear warhead in 2006.

Since April, his regime has fired a long-range missile that is technically capable of hitting Alaska, and restarted a plutonium programme.

MOX is a blend of plutonium and reprocessed uranium, which Japan wants to use to generate power for the first time.

A Japanese decision to end its plutonium program would give China less reason to proceed.

Plutonium recycling in a fuel-MOX 900-NW(e) PWR: physical analysis of accident behaviors.

Japan has large stockpiles of plutonium for its nuclear-energy industry.

Would America trust Chinato mop up North Korea's plutonium and enriched uranium?

The key ones will be the amount of plutonium that the DPRK declares.

It sent gasified uranium to Libya and provided Syria with the plutonium reactor destroyed by Israel in 2007.

The image on the far left shows a test plutonium containing cement pellet that was produced in the Centre labs.

Iran says it is fiddling with uranium and plutonium to produce more electricity.

Plutonium weapons have several ways of misfiring .

N. KOREA 'RESUMES PLUTONIUM EXTRACTION'

Mr Kim gets a little fuel in return for re-freezinghis plutonium facilities.

But roughly 5 percent of reactor waste is highly radioactive fission products, including plutonium and other actinides.

Japan already has a large stock of plutonium and could probably develop a bomb within months.

An atomic bomb uses conventional explosives to slam together two lumps of fissionable material, usually uranium-235 or plutonium-239.

It is easier to denature plutonium than it is to denature the evil spirit of man.

Indirect ionization by neutrons can also result from fission of plutonium or uranium isotopes.

In this sense only, more nuclear tests would actually help, by using up what plutonium is left.

Mr Kim admits to a plutonium stash, though there is a dispute about its size.

Miniaturising nuclear warheads is hard, and the North has enough plutonium for just ten or so nuclear devices.

It is made by mixing low-enriched uranium with plutonium that has been recycled from a global stockpile of defunct nuclear weapons.

People in the area are still proud of having churned out 64 tons of plutonium over 40 years for America's tens of thousands of nukes.

At 11, he started mining for uranium and buying vials of plutonium on the Internet.

It is unclear if the plutonium-production reactor at Plant 821 has operated recently.

What about plutonium in the drinking water?

These, in turn, split more plutonium.

But spent uranium fuel can also contain plutonium isotopes.

Russia and America finalised a decade-old deal to eliminate 68 tonnes of weapons-grade plutonium, enough for nearly 17, 000 nuclear devices.

Reactor No. 3 uses mixed-oxide, or MOX fuel, that contains plutonium.

Nuclear fuels such as plutonium and uranium give off heat energy when fission(the splitting of atoms in these fuels) occurs.

Government survey found that radioactive plutonium spread to the village restaurant the first time.

Accelerator transmutation of waste, or ATW, could shrink that number to about 3, 000 tons total, including than 1 percent plutonium.

Three days later, the US dropped a plutonium bomb on the port city of Nagasaki, killing about 80, 000.

It remains unclear what is happening with the Number-3 reactor, which is fueled by a mix of uranium and plutonium.

The Jiuquan reactor could have facilitated about 0. 9 tonness of weapon-grade plutonium.

Only three fissile materials are known at present, there being U-233, U-235, and plutonium.

North Korea's plutonium programme is based on the Yongbyon reactor, which is under US satellite observation.

The source of the plutonium isn't clear.

North of the city, for example, is a plant that shapes plutonium into the compact spheres that ignite nuclear weapons.

Nuclear fission can only occur in some types of heavy and unstable nuclei such as in the uranium -235 and plutonium -239.

For example, as Since few countries are capable of making a plutonium bomb, this could help to home in indentify the culprit.

Quality assurance calculations to support use of HELIOS version 1. 6 for plutonium disposition studies.

The ADE -2 reactor has been producing weapons- grade plutonium for nearly 52 years .

'They have a lot of plutonium in their inventory, ' he says.

Closure of the Yongbyon reactor was critical to progress because the facility produced the plutonium used in last year's nuclear test.

After you have fuel, and then go to the plutonium storage, and finally reach the reactor and rescue in the region.

Performance Criteria for Instrumentation Used for Inplant Plutonium Monitoring

Comparative experimental study of two techniques for analyzing plutonium abundances

Measurement of isotopic abundance and age of plutonium material in a sealed container

Determination of the plutonium content in sulphuric and nitric acid solutions; potentiometric titration method with potassium dichromate

that weapons-grade highly enriched uranium and plutonium that could be used to make nuclear bombs might go missing;

Representative sampling of plutonium nitrate solutions for determination of plutonium concentration

Standard Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, and Spectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Plutonium Dioxide Powders and Pellets

Standard Test Method for Uranium and Plutonium Concentrations and Isotopic Abundances by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Computer Simulation of the Electro-Reduction Pulsed Column for the Separation of Uranium and Plutonium

Determination of isotopic content and concentration of uranium and plutonium in nitric acid solution; mass spectrometric method

Determination of uranium and plutonium content and isotopic composition; mass spectrometric method

Catalyzed Electrolytic Plutonium Oxide Dissolution

Evaluation of uranium-plutonium criticality benchmark experiment

Research on Application of Neutron Coincidence Counting in Attribute Determination of Plutonium

Standard Guide for Determination of Plutonium and Neptunium in Uranium Hexafluoride by Alpha Spectrometry

Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium by Passive Neutron Multiplicity Counting

Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium in Scrap and Waste by Passive Neutron Coincidence Counting

Determination of the Concentration and Isotopic Composition of Plutonium in Soil

Standard Practice for the Ion Exchange Separation of Uranium and Plutonium Prior to Isotopic Analysis

Determination of plutonium in soil - Extraction chromatography method

Plutonium-Uranium Fuel Mixtures Outside Reactors, Nuclear Criticality Control and Safety of

Standard Practice for Preparation and Dissolution of Plutonium Materials for Analysis

Standard Test Method for Radiochemical Determination of Plutonium in Soil by Alpha Spectroscopy

Feasibility Analysis on Isotopic Composition and Mass Measurement for Plutonium

Our policy could verifiably get the regime out of the plutonium-making business

Standard Practice for Removal of Uranium or Plutonium, or both, for Impurity Assay in Uranium or Plutonium Materials

Study on Application in Plutonium Content Analysis by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry

Criticality safety control at the plutonium fuel production facility

Test Method for Uranium and Plutonium Concentrations and Isotopic Abundances

Standard Practice for the Separation of Americium from Plutonium by Ion Exchange

Migration of Neptunium and Plutonium in Hydrofracturing Disposal

Japan's Plutonium Issue and Its International Concerns

Controlled-potential coulometric assay of plutonium

Determination of the solubility of plutonium from unirradiated mixed oxide nuclear fuels in nitric acid

Progress in the Research of Surface Corrosion Resistance of Uranium and Plutonium Metals

Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Plutonium Dioxide Powder, Sinterable

Study on Subcritical System Disposing Plutonium and High-level Actinides

Seeks consolidation of stocks of highly enriched uranium and plutonium and reduction in the use of highly enriched uranium;

Test Method for Plutonium by Controlled-Potential Coulometry

Standard Test Method for Quantitative Determination of Americium 241 in Plutonium by Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

possessed enough plutonium for one or two nuclear weapons

Expert Group on International Plutonium Storage;

Investigation on the attribute detection of plutonium oxide

Analysis of Sub-picogram Plutonium by Isotope Mass Spectrometry

Criticality safety in processing and handling fissile materials - Part 5: Criticality data for plutonium 239 dioxide light-water-mixtures

Criticality safety in processing and handling fissile materials - Part 6: Criticality data for plutonium 239 nitrate light-water-mixtures

Evaluation Technology of the Plutonium Age

The Review of Plutonium Aerosol Dispersal by Explosive Detonation

Analysis of Isotopic Abundance of Plutonium by Multicollector-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Criticality safety in processing and handling fissile materials - Part 3: Criticality data for plutonium 239 metal light-water-mixtures

determination of plutonium in soil - ion exchange method

Plutonium nitrate to oxide conversion system;

Plutonium Utilization and the Sustainable Development of Nuclear Energy

Separation of Trace Plutonium From Uranium Matrix

The Analyses of Plutonium Existing Forms in the Groundwater

Disposal of Surplus Weapons Grade Plutonium

Standard Guide for Design Criteria for Plutonium Gloveboxes

The coupling effect of reaction for plutonium hydride with CO

Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium, Tritium and 241Am by Calorimetric Assay

Analytical method of plutonium in water

mixed oxide of plutonium and uranium

Test Method for Plutonium in Water

Advances in the study on hydroxypyridinone chelating agents for uranium and plutonium