positron

But the lightning flash detected by Fermi appeared to have produced about 100 trillion positrons: "That's a lot, " he said.

To make cold antihydrogen, the experimenters must slow down the antiprotons to a temperature similar to that of the positrons.

It needed some years of development by the experimenters before the fact of the existence of positrons was established.

If the material being tested has no defects in it, the positrons react a little differently.

In the case of a material with a defect, the positrons are trapped at nano-sized defects in the material.

Meanwhile, positrons from the decay of a form of radioactive sodium are separately slowed and accumulated.

Some antiproton annihilations produce a shower of positrons, which in turn produce 511-keV gamma rays, two of which may be detected.

The antiprotons are then pushed into the same trap as the positrons and left to mingle for a second or so.

For the positrons, one can think of the end potential as a ramp and the particle as a ball rolling up the ramp.

These positrons then come into contact with electrons in the body, and the two annihilate, releasing two gamma-ray photons.

It has developed better techniques for cooling both positrons and antiprotons, which should allow it to trap more anti-atoms.

A chain of reactions, starting with a beam of laser-excited cesium atoms, transfers the positrons to the antiprotons to form antihydrogen.

Coaxing hot and bothered antiprotons and positrons to couple is quite a task.

Some radioactive substances emit positrons, the antiparticles to electrons, and are used in PET (positron-emission tomography) scans.

But discovering the creation of positrons "gives us a very, very important clue as to what's happening. "

This is because radioactive nuclear elements are formed in the giant outbursts of energy, and some of these decay by releasing positrons.

Positrons moving slowly enough are brought to a halt and turned around on the ramp, keeping them inside the trap.

Another hint dates to the early 1970s, when astronomers detected vast numbers of electrons annihilating with positrons.

The traps hold the positrons very securely: after an hour, an insignificant number of them are lost.

Their new findings suggest these positrons originate mainly from stars getting devoured by black holes and neutron stars.

Positrons and electrons annihilated each other, emitting gamma rays detected by Fermi's gamma-ray burst detector, researchers said.

It shows that the stacking faults in the alloy have not a remarkable effect of trapping positrons .

Linear acceleration of electrons and positrons is what plasma-based accelerators are most suited for.

The process would also create large numbers of electrons and positrons at the core of the Milky Way.

Some astronomers have suggested that exploding stars could produce the positrons.

During a PET scan, the patient is injected with radioactive tracer molecules that emit positrons when they decay.

Normally, it is impossible to distinguish Cherenkov radiation generated by positrons from that created by electrons.

The beam funneled positrons from the Namibian storm to the Fermi spacecraft.

ATRAP, in contrast, captures about five million positrons.

Barry Barish: It's a machine that will collide electrons and positrons.

To accelerate positively charged particles, such as positrons , the electric field must be reversed.

The positrons that are generated will move around in the material.

Next, an electrical field is used to kick out any remaining positrons and antiprotons.

When CERN created W and Z, it did so by smashing much lighter electrons and positrons, which is far less messy.

Instead they would produce gamma rays, neutrinos and antimatter such as positrons and antiprotons, Gondolo said.

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