pandemic

When cold, the beginning of the more pandemics, it should be replaced with a new toothbrush in a timely manner.

Historical records of previous influenza pandemics, as well as experience with SARS, have validated this point.

As I said, pandemics are unpredictable and prone to deliver surprises.

During the last century, the influenza viruses have undergone major genetic changes resulting in influenza pandemics (global outbreaks).

You know the list: climate change, nuclear proliferation, terrorism, pandemics and trade protectionism.

No. All pandemics are serious, but they do not necessarily have to feature very high levels of mortality.

But once you factor in the cost of all these diseases and pandemics, cheap meat suddenly looks like an illusion.

Flu pandemics have been known to occur every 25 years or so, and public health experts have long warned that the next one is overdue.

Obesity has not been recognized as a risk factor in either past pandemics or seasonal influenza.

Pandemics, like the viruses that cause them, are unpredictable.

Identify lessons learned important for strengthening preparedness and response for future pandemics and public health emergencies.

In an increasingly interconnected world, financial risks now spread like pandemics.

Governments across the region have coordinated efforts to address pandemics like avian flu.

Before the crisis they were looking at things like pandemics, cyber-security and terrorism as possible causes of black swans.

Past pandemics have always announced themselves with a sudden explosion of cases, taking the world by surprise.

The portable system for quick diagnosis can be deployed during outbreaks to keep them from becoming pandemics.

Governments have been reluctant to share information about possible pandemics of disease.

Other pandemics have started with a mild new virus in spring that came back to cause severe disease later in the year.

Advances In livIng conditions, public health, and antibiotic therapy make future pandemics almost improbable.

In the previous influenza pandemics of 1918 and 1957, mortality seemed to be higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant populations . . .

WHO global influenza preparedness plan: the role of WHO and recommendations for national measure before and during pandemics.

In recent years it has focused on poverty in the developing world, climate change and pandemics.

And the large numbers infected within a short time make pandemics disruptive, even when the virus itself is not an efficient killer.

Localised epidemics and global pandemics periodically pose a significant national and global threat.

Previous pandemics have been characterized by waves of activity spread over months.

It remains one of the most destructive pandemics in history which peaked in Europe between 1348 and 1350.

With a new influenza pandemic there is a tendency to compare it with previous pandemics, particularly the most dramatic ones.

Evidence from previous pandemics further supports the conclusion that pregnant women are at heightened risk.

"These factors accounted for past pandemics and will be critical in the emergence of new pandemic viruses, " they added.

AIDS has produced one of the worst pandemics ever known.

Compared with seasonal outbreaks, all flu pandemics cause a higher percentage of severe cases and deaths in younger groups.

It seems that the lessons of earlier pandemics have been well learned.

During past pandemics, attack rates reached 25-35% of the total population.

The results could be useful when discussing ways of dealing with epidemics and pandemics.

The World Health Organization, the United Nations health agency, uses a system of six phases to warn of possible influenza pandemics.

Together, we're preparing for pandemics that could cause death and suffering on a global scale.

These threats and hazards include terrorism, naturaldisasters, large-scale cyber attacks, and pandemics.

The financial crisis, climate change, pandemics, terrorism and other international threats prove that the fates of all people are linked.

The collapse in biodiversity, climate change, pandemics, financial crises: these will be the currency that we will think about.

But the behaviour of past pandemics offers a few ground rules.

Those were considered to be mild pandemics.

Humans have lived with such pandemics for centuries and possibly for millennia.

Those pandemics disproportionately killed younger people, a phenomenon, which is different from seasonal flu.

The US's military might is not adequate to deal with threats such as global pandemics, climate change, terrorism and international crime.

Pregnancy is already a well-documented risk factor in seasonal influenza and in previous pandemics.

But every country has an immediate, obvious interest in avoiding pandemics.

Every hundred years there have been three or four pandemics.

Terrorism, hunger, poverty and pandemics will probably be among them.

There is a widespread belief that severe pandemics are preceded by a milder "herald" wave of disease.

Yet it also reminded us that pandemics have the potential to affect social, economic and even political systems.

This approach could still prevent flu pandemics, if only we could make vaccines fast enough.

This phenomenon is distinctly seen during pandemics.

Recent concern has stimulated enormous research, and we know much more about influenza viruses and pandemics than we did four years ago.

"Not only will we see more pandemics but we are all globally at more risk to things that are happening in other places, " Valente added.

Although the threat of global pandemics is real, it's all too often exaggerated.

The world is already suffering pandemics of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.

Six subsequent pandemics killed millions of people across all continents.

Jaguars and other big cats can protect humans from the rise of future pandemics akin to HIV and bird flu.

How does she expect it to compare to other pandemics?

In the last few years, the world has experienced two such pandemics, the avian flu (H5N1) and swine flu (H1N1).

Flu pandemics in the past have been lethal on a massive scale.

The other two flu pandemics of the 20th century, however, were far milder.

Flu viruses are especially prone to this and some pandemics have emerged because of this genetic mixing.

Investing in poverty reduction and healthcare in developing countries are the keys to managing pandemics in the long term.

Why are pandemics such dreaded events?

"We are the world's sentinel for pandemics, " Dr Leung says.

In past pandemics, the second wave has sometimes been worse than the first (see diagram).

The severity of pandemics can change over time and differ by location or population.

There were three influenza pandemics in the 20th century.

The last two pandemics of 1957 and 1968 together killed about 4 million people.

Just look at pandemics -- swine flu, bird flu, H1N1.

Other influenza pandemics in 1889, 1957 and 1968 were milder.

In the pandemics of 1958 and 1968, a combined total of 3 million people died.

Dr. Chan urges the international community to do everything it can to help developing countries from bearing the brunt of disease pandemics.

It is this almost universal susceptibility to infection that gives pandemics their power to sweep through the world population.

So what do you need to do before zombies. . . or hurricanes or pandemics for example, actually happen?

Infectious diseases and pandemics prevention and controlling

The Age of Receding Pandemics

Viral strains causing pandemics in the last century

Interspecies Transmission and Pandemics of Human Influenza

Situation and strategies on influenza pandemics

How Dr Chan intends to defend the planet from pandemics

Influenza pandemics and avian flu