neuron

He could have been referring to what some consider one of the greatest recent discoveries of neuroscience: mirror neurons.

And somehow all that content of consciousness is accomplished by the busy activity of those hoards of neurons.

The cells seem to have taken Root and formed connections with her own, surviving neurons, reversing much of the damage caused by the stroke.

Involvement--Watch a dancing silhouette ad for the iPod and mirror neurons in your brain will cause part of you to dance, as well.

To pin down SOD's relevance, the team has been spiking different types of neurons with the antioxidant to see how the various cells react.

The brain works not by dint of its bulk properties but because neurons are wired up in amazingly specific and idiosyncratic patterns.

Electrical activity in the form of nerve impulses being sent and received to and from cortical neurons is always present, even during sleep.

The gene affects the ways that neurons communicate with one another, he said, but its mechanisms still need to be studied.

Researchers told the participant which person was the target, and watched as the neurons duked it out.

The chemicals diffuse quickly across the minute gap between the neurons and dock with receptors on the surface of the receiving neuron.

If you think you can't do something a group of neurons are going to form which will prevent you from being able to do that.

Attach it to the dismembered leg of an unsuspecting cockroach and listen to its neurons as an iPhone interface creates visualizations.

Oh, so it's just a question of waiting for those neurons to settle?

Moreover, such a simple logic can be iterated and amplified, since all neurons work on a similar principle of connecting and sharing.

They have also made a logic element out of a pair of leech neurons (nerve cells from blood-sucking worms) placed on a microchip.

So we have to increase the resolution of the MRI machine to be able to pick up, perhaps, a hundred neurons. . .

The neurons through repeated contact with one are now known as team of neurons that when activated allow the child to walk.

Video signals from a tiny camera inside a pair of eyeglasses are passed into the electrodes, stimulating specific neurons to produce images.

Both groups are simulating a large number of model neurons and connections between them. Both models run much, much slower than real time.

Could the voices that Moses and Mohammed heard on remote mountain tops have been just a bunch of firing neurons ? an illusion?

Using lasers, researchers at the MIT Media Lab were able to activate a specific set of neurons in a monkey's brain.

Our brains have special neurons which help us to locate another pair of lips in the dark.

About a week after the water test, the mice were killed and the researchers examined their brains, counting the numbers of new neurons.

When you watch someone do something, the same parts in your brain light up as though you were doing it yourself (called mirror neurons).

Well , the brain , as you know, is made up of neurons .

For those who like to understand how things work let me give you a quick overview of how neurons work.

After a stroke, neurogenesis commences in the hippocampus in an apparent attempt to produce new neurons to heal such damaged brain tissue.

Shadlen's team watched the activity of a pair of neurons that normally respond to the sight of things moving to the left or right.

Objective: To explore the optimal condition on which embryonic stem cell may be induced to differentiate directly into dopaminergic neurons.

On a small scale, they now have the equations to simulate neurons and the electro-chemical reactions between them.

Conclusion: This technique for the primary culture of cortical neurons is an ideal good technique for the general labs.

The folds increased the surface area available for the billions of neurons in the human neo-cortex.

Scientists have made progress in creating some cell types, like the dopamine-producing neurons that might treat Parkinson's disease.

Some of the kids with autism had many extra neurons, but not all had brains out of the normal range for weight, as would be expected.

It also suggests that the basolateral amygdala drives the ability of new neurons to be part of an emotional memory.

Working with primates, Giesler and his colleagues studied neurons in the STT that fired after histamine was applied to the skin of a foot.

The medial forebrain bundle of rats was transected with a wire knife to set up a model of chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.

The rats not only showed full activity in their visual neurons, they also behaved as if they were fully-sighted.

When they removed the sensory neurons, it prevented inflammation of the cells and the mice did not develop the disorder.

Remarkably the neurons composing this structure receive input from almost all regions of the cortex and project back to almost all as well.

A stroke, for instance, occurs when a clot restricts blood flow to part of the brain, cutting off the oxygen supply and killing neurons.

From the blastema come skin, muscle, bone, blood vessels and neurons, ultimately growing into a limb virtually identical to the old one.

They then recorded the activity of any neurons that were in range of the probe.

patch clamp was also used to record the postsynaptic potential of the neurons differentiated from NSCs in magnesium-free medium.

Picciotto is an expert on the function of nicotine receptors located on the surface of neurons.

Connectionism seems a step closer to the human mind, since it uses networks of nodes that seem like the human brain's network of neurons.

You see, humans have only about 400 odorant receptors on the surface of those sensory neurons.

Burst synchronization and burst dynamics of a system consisting of two map-based neurons coupled through chemical synapses were studied.

In our brains, neurons talk to one another, merging information into a unified whole.

an ES cell just as it's poised to produce mature cell types, including neurons, muscle and bone.

C. elegans detects several odorants with the bilaterally symmetric pair of AWC olfactory neurons.

If you can grow new neurons, you might be able to rewire demented brains.

The human brain weighs three pounds, but in that three pounds are the billion neurons and a hundred billion smaller cells.

In the early 1990s the discovery of mirror neurons led to a new way to understand the incongruity aspect of humor.

Phase dependent latency effects are believed to be a result of the phase-sensitive low-frequency neurons.

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the result of seizures or damage of neurons in the whole or part of the limitations of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Such growth is critical for the neurons to establish and maintain connections with one another in the brain's neural circuitry.

For revealing more facts about this brain region, this thesis provides a map of neurons innervating the lateral horn.

meanwhile, Schwann' s cell and neuron migrated along these neurons. The neurons, dissociated from DRG, grew well on the surface of PP.

Neuroscientists used to think glia were simply the sticky stuff that holds neurons together.

The U-M team hypothesized, Harris notes, that more activity among these neurons might be related to the level of glutamate in this region.

Dopamine is one of a family of brain chemicals that transmit signals between neurons.

To give you an example when a child learns to walk a group of neurons team up together and communicate with one another by synaptic firing.

These smaller forms could be especially toxic to neurons, he said.

But the protein becomes a killer of neurons when it transforms itself into a spiral-like form that aggregates into plaques in the brain.

They cover everything from bug eyes and spider fur to starfish embryos and mouse neurons.

These cells send out signals to, and directly receive strong excitatory inputs from, another set of pyramidal neurons in a different region.

By way of these connections, neurons both send and receive varying quantities of energy.

The hippocampus was an important brain area in memory and hippocampal neurons were very sensitive to the aging.

The widespread synchronization of these neurons in cortex level will generate SWS electroencephalograms (EEGs).

You don't need to make a sound while your five good neurons crank out the next malformed sentence from your cretaceous skull, numb nuts.

Another will get a few hundred thousand dollars to examine ways such cells could repair neurons damaged by epilepsy and seizures.

"There's no difference in principle between neurons and silicon, " he said.

These neurons send and receive messages from the rest of your body, using brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.

One important factor seems to be how well our neurons can talk to each other.

By linking the side neurons, some lines are formed. Each line becomes an internal net of the hierarchical self organizing neural network.

The neurons may be encoding actions in a way that's essential for cooperating with others, and very important for social interactions.

You don't have to go out of your way to create this "blueprint" , he says, it happens naturally through what are called mirroring neurons.

Their study is the first to identify and characterize the role of such a protein in pain-sensing neurons.

Current treatments for Parkinson's disease do not aim at protecting the dopamine-producing neurons themselves.

As he explains in the video below, the flies' neurons were modified to develop light-sensitive "pores, " which open when exposed to light.

As neurons out in the cortex receive sensory information, they relay it to the hippocampus .

together we built an interface to simultaneously monitor close to 100 neurons , distributed across the frontal and parietal lobes.

"Now let's find out what genes or what in-utero, non-genetic conditions lead to an excess number of neurons, " he said.

The neural network model contains the feedback of the state neurons and takes the form of state space representation.

More often you ask these networks, the more you make them strong and do not let your number of neurons decreases.

The remarkable apparatus uses motor neurons to control the body's many muscles and enables humans to perform myriad physical activities.

We found the receptive field size and synaptic efficacy can be increased, particularly for neurons near the stimulation site.

For this to happen, neurons must be connected in a certain way by chemical junctions called synapses .

They started with random pulses and selected those able to excite neurons in a simulation.

It turns out that social behavior in the worm is controlled by a pair of neurons called RMG.

The grafted cells survived at least 12 weeks in the infarct periphery of adult rats and differentiated into mature glial cells and neurons.

The brain's nerve cells are known as neurons, which make up the organ's so-called "gray matter. "

Results A great quantity of NPY-ir neurons and a small amounts of NPY-ir fibres were located in the caudate-putamen nucleus.

This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brain's neurons work.

Comparisons of brains reveal that the proportion of glia to neurons increases greatly as animals move up the evolutionary ladder.

The brain and its long spidery neurons are essentially made of fat, but they communicate with each other via proteins.

The medicine appears to work by returning neurons in the adult brain to a more "plastic" state normally only seen in youth.

To understand vision, one has to go beyond just simulating neurons and synapses, Bettencourt notes.

We've then talked about how neurons can communicate to one another; then, [we] turned to how neurons are wired up together.

Heterotopia, simply defined, means a collection of neurons in an abnormal location, due to an arrest in migration.

In the mature brain, neurotransmitters are used for synaptic communication between neurons.

It represents the change in a reliable way of the responses of tens of millions, possibly hundreds of millions of neurons in your brain.

A better target would be to determine how these [acetylcholine neurons] are learning to stay depressed and work directly with those.

The morphological results showed that ERK signal transduction might be related to the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.

When scientists knocked out the itch neurons, the mice no longer had the urge to scratch in response to known itchy stimulus.

the lighter colored matter that lies beneath this, the region where the axons (stems of neurons) are found, is called the white matter.

The burst causes neurons in a small patch of the brain to fire, and they in turn send signals to other neurons, making them fire as well.

Brain modelers have so far been limited to modeling small networks with only a few thousand neurons, but this is rapidly changing.

Then they flipped a genetically engineered-switch that wiped out a set of neurons, called the CREB-making neurons.

Within each group, there is thought to be a relatively small number of neurons devoted to interpreting the gender of faces.

The key, he says, is not the neurons but the synapses, the electrical-chemical-electrical connections between those neurons.

Of course, underdeveloped or withered myelin could be a result of poor signaling among neurons, not necessarily a cause.

The epilepsy is an abnormal discharge of brain neurons form of the disease.

Whether or not neurons hae a long and healthy life is, apart from other factors, determined by the presence of neurotrophic factors.

It costs too much to do biological experiments on neurons, and usually is hard to achieve.

Early in the next century, we will use advanced forms of magnetic resonance imaging to produce detailed maps of the neurons in operation.

Whether mirror neurons are directly involved in this skill is not known, but clearly some analogous process must be going on.

Conventional wisdom holds that sleep is a resting state of the brain, with negligible activity of cortical neurons.

In addition to get a detailed picture of individual neurons subjects had to have electrodes implanted deep in the brain using surgery.

In mammals, many hundreds of motor neurons are needed to control the variety of muscle cells used to coordinate movement.

As we age, our brain cells, called neurons, lose the tree-branch-like connections between them.

After synapsing, the secondary neurons decussate and ascend as the spinothalamic tract in the anterior lateral portion of the spinal cord.

We can load up all the neurons, each one on to its processor, and fire it up, and see what happens.

Authors speculate: infection of fetal neural development, cortical neurons in patients with schizophrenia, the disturbance of the structure.

In evolutionary terms, it means new neurons are likely helping you to remember the lion that nearly killed you.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability of highly self-renewal and can be differentiated into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

The proteins are located in the synapses, those specialized parts of neurons that allow brain cells to communicate with other neurons.

The physical contact he had with his pups in the nest coupled with the smells of his young are what made the neurons grow.

The neurons are the most sensitive cells to anoxic injury. Seen here are red neurons which are dying as a result of hypoxia.

"But if only a subset of neurons are available at any time, the connector is ambiguous, " she says.

Other " disinterested " neurons became quiet during the maze run, perhaps so as not to bother the critical neural signals.

Neurons possess an innate tendency to extend branched projections from the cell body known as dendrites.

Rodents that have exercised and that have brains fizzing with new neurons tend to score well on tests of memory and cognition.

The sheer bulk of waste proteins that are accumulating within the neurons in Alzheimer's disease brains is enormous, '' Dr. Nixon says.

Methods The primary cultured hippocampal neurons were made as the research object, and excitotoxicity model was erected with glutamate.

Skeletal muscle tissues were used to induce the neural stem cells to differentiate into motor neurons like cells.

A specific network of neurons is needed for a specific percept , not any random collection of neurons that become highly active.

PCNN model has similar group neurons synchronization release pulse characteristic, appropriate for the image segmentation.

The cells are a special type of "mirror neurons, " which are thought to aid understanding of the actions and intentions of others.

Furthermore, one of the newly discovered proteins, called Mac, shuts off neurons under blue light instead of yellow.

With billions of neurons, each with thousands of connections, one's noggin is a complex, and yes congested, mental freeway.

Neuromarketing claims to get objective truth about peoples' preferences by decoding the "reactions" of our neurons.

The proliferating neurons divided in an asymmetric way morphologically and chemically.

There are several disorders that may result when neurons don't end up in the right place.

ACh is a neurotransmitter-a chemical used to relay, amplify, and modulate signals between neurons and between neurons and other cells.

First, after repeated talk therapy, new and important connections are created between one set of neurons and another.

Objective To establish a simple and reliable method for primary culture and purification of embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Objective To search for an easier and cheaper method for the primary culture for hippocampal neurons of SD newborn rats.

Reduced numbers of argyrophilic neurons and vacuolar degeneration of axons were demonstrated at the myenteric plexus pathologically.

The visual patch-clamp method can accurately assess synaptic transmission by measuring postsynaptic currents of the dorsal horn neurons.

Just as your body can pack on and condition new muscle, your brain can rebuild used-up neurons.

CONCLUSION: VSA may play a controlling role in the thermoregulation through altering the firing rate of thermosensitive neurons in the POAH.

The stimulation of habenular nucleus, perhaps through the intermediate neurons, facilitated the spontaneous firings of LC.

To consolidate a memory, a cascade of electrical pulses fire across the gaps between neurons, called synapses.

Show the brain a virtual image and its neurons flicker with electrical activity as the image is processed.

The team specifically targeted the olfactory nerve cells, or neurons, in fruit flies that are normally triggered by the smell of ripe fruit.

But when we have an ANN of hundreds or thousands of neurons, it would be quite complicated to find by hand all the necessary weights.

Conclusion Progesterone is neuroprotective on the hippocampal neurons of gerbil following transient forebrain ischemia.

The ultrastructural and biochemical results clearly show that the autophagy pathway is significantly activated in neurons after TBI.

Spinosad depolarizes insect neurons by activating nicotinic receptors, causing widespread hyperactivity in the nervous system.

By borrowing a gene from fluorescent jellyfish and inserting it into the DNA of worms or mice in the lab, scientists have made neurons glow.

Apomorphine-induced rotations and number of Nissl-stained neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) were counted.

In response to the altered visual signal input from the outer retina, signal processing in inner retinal neurons was also modified.

In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

The logic neurons have received much concern all the time as the important components of neural networks.

Neurons that use the neurotransmitter dopamine are known to be heavily implicated in alcohol abuse.

The protein accumulations resemble twisted skeins of yarn -- characteristic of ALS -- and cause the degeneration of the neurons.

This multitude of neurons in the enteric nervous system enables us to "feel" the inner world of our gut and its contents.

When a novel or salient stimulus occurs, the dopamine neurons in the brain increase their firing rate, boosting the release of dopamine.

These neural stem cells can be induced to differentiate into cholinergic neurons by using embryonic chick skeletal muscle extract.

Researchers investigating the neurons in a crayfish's tail reported astonishment at how clunky and inelegant the circuit was.

In the gene-altered larvae, the researchers wove into the neurons a light-activated protein found in a species of marine algae.

Neurons are the basic structural, functional, trophic and genetic units of the nervous system.

This one is located on a small set of neurons in the hypothalamus, a region that regulates appetite.

This study provides strong evidence that memory works through the reactivation of specific individual neurons in the hippocampus.

Yet Christof offers no explanation as to what qualitative property such neurons or regions have, compared with others.

New neurons born in the hippocampus may participate in the formation of long-term memories as well as in spatial perception.

To the surprise of many neurologists, it turns out this electrical tape is quietly interacting with the neurons.

To fully address this disease, any new therapies or drugs must be effective in every tissue, not just motor neurons.

He put rats in mazes during the day, and recorded what neurons fired in what patterns as the rats negotiated the maze.

such neurons make up one form of adaptive- and distributive-processing networks.

However, when they destroyed the basolateral amygdala, new neurons were no longer activated in response to the fearful memory.

The chemical process that triggers tiny charges in the membranes of neurons causes much of the brain's electrical activity.

Learning new information does not require new neurons; it simply requires that existing neurons connect in new ways.

Similar to cortical motion-sensitive neurons, fly tangential cells are directional selective and adapt during prolonged stimulation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

The higher evolutive rhesus monkeys were used as experimental materials. GABA-ergic neurons were observed under a light microscope.

Mice that run on wheels increase the number of neurons in their hippocampus and perform better on tests of learning and memory.

The robot's biological brain is made up of cultured neurons that are placed on to a multi-electrode array (MEA).

The blue background reflects a staining of many neighboring neurons, revealing the overall structure of this brain region.

But how do we determine which set of neurons, and what activity among them, constitutes a conscious percept ?

Pain and Regional Anesthesia Gabapentin Increases a Tonic Inhibitory Conductance in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons .

The effects of the number of hidden neurons and the momentum parameters on the prediction were investigated.

When learning occurs, neuro-chemical communication between neurons is facilitated, in other words a neural network is gradually established.

Without neurons reacting to the blood leptin level, the brain does not control the feeling of hunger and fullness.

The neurons migrated at a faster rate and branched less when researchers reduced the expression of the protein.

However, free radicals created naturally in the body attack the POMC neurons.

release of glutamate , a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory - glutamate enhances the connections between sets of neurons.

Antic and colleagues probed the activity of neurons in lab dishes one at a time.

It's comforting to think that, in some way, there's a small set of neurons tucked away in Jack's head solely dedicated to his son.

Using stimulus responding signal of neuronal network for correlation analysis can reveal the relation of the neurons in the network.

Von Neumann quantitatively compared the speed of brain neurons and the speed of vacuum tubes, boldly implying the two could be compared.

We used to rely on our neurons to hold onto these crucial bits of information.

All it requires is photons, neurons, and a great idea to create this thing.

Within each of those groups, there is probably a relatively small number of neurons devoted to interpreting gender of faces.

Light activates the chloride pumps, which drive chloride ions into the neurons, lowering their voltage and silencing their firing.

to avoid conflagration , you must pull your sensitive social neurons back into a shell.

It turns out that neurons relate to one another chemically in a kind of interesting way.

Thus, the probability increased that cells introduced into recipients' brains will transform into neurons or accompanying glial cells.

Retinal cell rescue: stem cells, remodelling, neuroprotection, apoptosis and replacement of retinal neurons.

Induction of bone marrow stromal cells to neurons: differentiation, transdifferentiation, or artifact?

BACKGROUND: Can neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into "epileptic neurons" in epileptic microenvironment in vitro?

Objective To establish a experimental model for evaluating the remedy for denatured neurons after forebrain ischemia reperfusion.

Research background: In the nervous system, synaptic vesicle recycling is the bridge of information transmission between neurons.

Stress also suppresses production of the new granule cells(small neurons), which normally continue to develop after birth.

By disrupting brain activity, the toxin in turn alters psychological processes supported by these neurons, notably cognitive control.

The use of cultured neurons permits direct visualization that we try to realize via the best optical equipment.

We were born, it was argued, with all the neurons we would ever get.

Conclusions Sevoflurane 6% inhaled preconditioning can obviously inhibit apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by hypoxia- reoxygenation in rats.

Mirror neurons, located in the part of the brain responsible for imitation , learning and empathy, make us subconsciously mimic each other .

The result showed that the distribution and localization of neurons innervating the duodenum and pancreas of chicken were similar primarily.

Besides, the shape and size of neurons within the telencephalon are in poor differentiation.

So, the neurons and glia form a complicated network that participated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Poo's team set out to investigate how neurons in the brain perceive time on these shorter scales.

Snapshots of the brain taken during learning actually show neurons firing, growing, and forming new connections.

Neurons from patients with Alzheimer's also demonstrate compromised energy metabolism and calcium dysregulation.

Simulation results show that the model can simulate the biological characteristics of neurons preferably.

The results showed that the cultured neurons expressed neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase.

He also believed that only axons fused by anastomosis, and that delivered nutrients from the blood vessels to neurons.

Objective To investigate the spatial distribution of apoptotic neurons in developing telencephalon of chicken embryo.

Over time, they begin to specialize as specific cell types, such as cardiomyocytes of the heart or neurons of the brain.

Interestingly, these abnormalities were not found in neurons on a brain biopsy but from examining white blood cells called lymphocytes.

It looks like napping may protect brain circuits from overuse until those neurons can consolidate what's been learned about a procedure.

Drugs that manipulate potassium channels in neurons may also prove helpful in neurological disorders other than Alzheimer's.

They took it as evidence that the brain was dampening the neurons there similar to the way we consciously close our eyes to concentrate.

Preliminary efforts confirm that specific groups of neurons express the types of perceptions that form our daily experiences.

Perhaps the extra capacity serves as backup in case we get hit on the head or lose too many neurons to the ravages of old age.

Intriguingly , we discovered that normal huntingtin stimulates the production of BDNF in neurons grown in laboratory cultures.

You can think of chronic stress as the opposite of exercise: it prevents the creation of new neurons.

Methods Primary cultured hippocampus neurons were injured with glutamate to mimic the pathological changes in depression.

Viruses are engineered to infect neurons with a special type of channel, originally discovered in algae, which is sensitive to blue light.

An ability to stimulate specific groups of neurons directly, independent of external input to sensory organs, would alleviate this problem.

The two RMG neurons receive input from various sensory neurons that detect the several environmental cues that make worms aggregate.

thousands of new brain cells or neurons grow each day in the brains of rats and , presumably , in the brains of people , too.

Results In the normal status, acupuncture at "Zusanli" activated the discharges of NTS neurons and promote the gastric pressure remarkably.

Now, the delicate branches of neurons can be monitored during prolonged experiments.

Then the brain creates connections (or pathways) between the neurons, so things become easier and you can do them better and better.

They're identical essentially to the neurons inside the brain of a patient that we couldn't get access to before.

So now we have organic computer chips made out of living self-aggregating neurons.