oligarch

Meanwhile, the Kremlin and Gazprom had a very public falling out with several of the business 'oligarchs' who backed Yanukovych.

Mr. Putin 'needs there to be a multiplicity of oligarchs for him to keep power, ' said one person close to Rusal.

For all the talk of a pro-Russian mood in the east, none of the Russian oligarchs has been allowed to gain control of its industrial assets.

She also rattled some oligarchs by reversing the dodgy privatisation of a vast steel factory and reselling it for six times as much.

The result of the game of two oligarchs depends on their comparative advantage.

The " Meiji restoration" did not last long: a new band of oligarchs and militarists swiftly gathered real power back.

The oligarchs hammered out a secret deal that would enable them to acquire key industries at a knockdown price.

Like the other remaining oligarchs, he studiously avoids independent political activity.

Privatisation in Russia degenerated into a morally dubious grab for assets by a new class of oligarchs.

To protect themselves from rampant crime and racketeering, the oligarchs tried to privatise parts of the KGB.

"Western-style political reforms" really means: let the Wall Street oligarchs control everything.

The outcome, which is likely to be rigged, could prepare for the succession to a younger generation of oligarchs.

'Even the oligarchs in Russia don't feel rich anymore, ' he said.

We're not just talking about Russian oligarchs here: spending of just over twice the average is enough to place you in the top 10 per cent.

Financially, it is a hub for international business deals and a reasonable flight for rich Saudi princes and wealthy Russian oligarchs.

There may be no land grabs or oligarchs tossed into jail, as in Russia, but China is in effect ordering owners to surrender assets for free.

Perhaps the only limit to mega-basements is developers' and oligarchs' imaginations.

Skolkovo in Moscow is Russia's leading business school and has the backing of Vladimir Putin and a handful of the country's oligarchs.

As easy credit dried up and commodity prices plummeted, over-leveraged oligarchs were forced to turn to the government for bail-out loans.

Some Russian-Jewish oligarchs boast second homes in the priciest neighborhoods along the Mediterranean coast.

The migration of Russian oligarchs to London has also seen many move into the public eye and find themselves in need of PR advice.

Unlike other oligarchs, Mr Khodorkovsky would not choose.

In 411 the Athenian oligarchs executed a great number of their democratic opponents, and forced many others into exile.

BP's attempt to outplay Russian oligarchs at their own game of power politics failed.

Behind Mr Yanukovich lurk powerful billionaire oligarchs who control most of the former Soviet mines and giant steelworks in the east.

Keeping loyal oligarchs afloat has checked the political impact of the financial crisis by limiting layoffs.

More predictably, the banks encouraged Russian oligarchs to indulge their animal spirits and engage in excessive leverage.

The oligarchs'money would help Yeltsin fight the presidential election. In exchange, they wanted the commanding heights.

A new class of oligarchs, several with close ties to Fidesz, is building up business empires, fuelled by generous government contracts.

While the Great Recession dealt a blow to Wall Street oligarchs, it greatly accelerated the withering of the broad middle.

Now, the story goes, a degree of state order has been established, to the chagrin of the oligarchs who got their just desserts.

And then it swept out again, stranding everyone from investment-grade companies to emerging-market oligarchs .

Huge fortunes were built as the Red Empire collapses around them, and Russian oligarchs joined the world's super rich.

Unlike Russia, however, Indian and Chinese oligarchs' pain is unlikely to redraw ownership of assets.

KGB officers watched the oligarchs get super-rich while they stayed cash-strapped and sometimes even unpaid.

In Russia the oligarchs' wealth has even less to do with entrepreneurialism.

But tensions between oligarchs and democrats were always present in Athenian politics.

There should be no new generation of oligarchs, or inefficient state managers turned into owners.

Business leaders, as oligarchs are now called, still pay for political protection.

Even the Kremlin's toughest critics would struggle to write a better guide to the hazards of dealing with Russia and its oligarchs.

As communism fell he eagerly took his ideas to eastern Europe, in the hope of installing coops there before the oligarchs arrived.

President Lula, who presented himself as the scourge of old-style oligarchs, now governs with their help.

Many of the oligarchs' interests are in private companies subject to no external scrutiny.

Some officers did well enough, but only by offering their services to the oligarchs.

Mr Dudley's new strategy has also started a fight with the formidable oligarchs in the AAR consortium, which owns 50 per cent of TNK-BP.

These oligarchs of sport have already grabbed every half-decent hotel room in the capital.

As the oligarchs face impatient creditors, there is only one place they can turn to for help: the Kremlin.

Private businessmen and even oligarchs complain about the lack of rules and bureaucratic extortion.

Russian oligarchs learned the lesson earlier this decade.

When BP formed its joint venture with TNK in 2003, oligarchs seemed the partners of choice for getting things done in Russia.

The oligarchs have responded in two ways.

Russia's oligarchs flit between government and business.

Weighed down by their debts, oligarchs begged the Kremlin for help.

No, the real extremists here are America's oligarchs, who want to suppress any criticism of the sources of their wealth.

But while Mr Mehdiev controls the interior ministry and civil servants, the oligarchs run the economy.

This may hamper the families of Fulham, but it won't stop the oligarchs.

Like the oligarchs, he is frozen in time.

He recasts the West's message to Russian oligarchs wanting to immigrate: "give me your rich, your sated, yearning to breathe safe. "

In the meantime, let our oligarchs buy a little more of Monaco. Maybe then we'll have our chance to join the EU?

She campaigned on the slogan of bashing the oligarchs and will have to make an example of some.

It's also an economy of oligarchs; a handful of tycoons tower over it.

It could also follow the lead of those sheikhs and oligarchs who like to buy English football clubs.

Though Russian officials said it wasn't a bailout of oligarchs, analysts said that was what the aid amounted to.

Melanie: Steven, have you heard about the recent incident between the two Russian oligarchs that happened this Saturday in Moscow?

VEB also made loans to other other oligarchs.

The oligarchs, she says proudly, "hate me . . . they don't understand me because . . . they cannot buy me or scare me" .

The government feared a Communist comeback; the oligarchs feared the loss of their fortunes.

Close relationships with oligarchs, for example, may generate corporate advisory business.

And it is also the case for many Russian oligarchs.

To simplify a little, the Athenians favoured pure democracy ( "people rule" , though in fact oligarchs often had the last word);

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