metastasis

Histopathological examination confirmed metanephric adenoma. She was followed up for one year and there was no recurrence or metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer is one of the main means of transfer in breast cancer.

"One of the best predictors of systemic cancer spread is whether the draining lymph node has any signs of metastasis, " he said.

The solitary LN metastasis was one of the independent prognostic factors for the patients enrolled.

"That gives us a real shot at developing a drug that will inhibit metastasis, " he said in a statement.

Aspirin's ability to slow metastasis may be linked to its effect on platelets, the clotting bodies in the blood, said the scientists.

Metastasis usually takes place in the advanced stage and cecum, ascending colon and ampulla recti are the parts often involved.

This kind of adenocarcinoma is usually undifferentiated with early metastasis through lymph gland.

"Previously, no drug has ever been shown to reduce metastasis as a specific effect, " he said.

If the bone is markedly weakened by the metastasis, then a "pathologic" fracture is possible.

We hereby report a case of metastasis to the pancreas from primary squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue presenting as a pancreatic cyst.

There was no evidence of distant metastasis or visceral organ involvement based on physical examination, abdominal sonogram and chest X-ray.

Objective: To explore the general pattern of lymph node metastasis and its effect on prognosis in early gastric cancer.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and its receptors may be the pivotal stimulants in the process of growth and metastasis of a neoplasm.

Clinical follow-up for 20 years beginning at the time of first tumor surgery has shown no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis.

We present a case report of a patient with an extensive BCC with histologic documentation and probable bone metastasis of BCC.

This process of cancer spread is known as metastasis and is frequently the cause of cancer-related deaths.

In lung adenoma, the decrease in the expression of EC has no relatoin with the TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and DNA ploidy.

Conclusions Quanning formula was an effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer in association with bone metastasis.

Results all the 60 patients, all did not see were obtained for recurrence and metastasis, death.

Anti-angiogenesis has been one of the important strategies in treating tumor metastasis, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatic arthritis etc.

Pre-operative sensitivity enhancement of radiotherapy for cervical cancer patients may reduce the rate of pelvic lymph node metastasis.

The tumours did not grow, and metastasis to the lungs was greatly reduced.

Conclusion: The general myelogram painting slides may find metastasis to bone marrow early in patients w. . .

Serum CA125 is not a specific marker for ovarian carcinoma, but can be taken as a marker for peritoneal metastasis of ovarian carcinoma.

Conclusion: Chemotherapy plus TACE may be an effective treatment to postoperative patients with breast carcinoma and hepatic metastasis.

However, with advances in different treatment modalities for HCC, the incidence of extrahepatic metastasis appears to be increasing.

Conclusion Breast cancer has active lymphangiogenesis which might contribute to its growth and metastasis.

When cancers spread, a process known as metastasis, they become more difficult to treat, as secondary tumours tend to be more aggressive.

The overall survival ranges from less than one year to 10 years from the discovery of the metastasis and is similar in both tumor subtypes.

A great deal of studies showed that they have the important role in invasiveness and metastasis of breast carcinoma.

abstract: Objective: To explore the general rule of metastasis on lymph nodes of gastric cardia carcinoma.

Conclusions CD24 is correlated with lymphnode metastasis of CRC, which may be one of the predict factors of lymphnode metastasis.

In general, ameloblastic carcinoma is a highly aggressive tumor with rapid growth, and cases of distant metastasis had been reported.

We present and discuss a case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the proximal transverse colon with hepatic metastasis.

Herein, we report a case of epithelioid sarcoma over right thigh of a 19-year-old man with regional lymph node metastasis.

This book addresses the interactions and interrelationships between tumor and host that modulate progression and metastasis.

Diagnosis depends on clinical, histological, histochemical features, and exclusion of metastasis from other sites of mucinous carcinoma.

One patient had a 50 percent regression of a large pulmonary metastasis which , upon surgical removal , showed active osteogenic sarcoma .

Patients with anorectal melanoma tend to have regional invasion or distant metastasis in the early stages.

Conclusion: Esophageal carcinosarcoma is an independent entity with little invasiveness, low lymph node metastasis and good prognosis.

Serum VEGF-C could be considered as a useful biological indicator to evaluate invasion and metastasis of lung cancer.

Skin metastasis from hypopharyngeal carcinoma appears to be refractory to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the rules of lymphatic metastasis of rectal carcinoma, and to help clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The authors describe the case of the rare location breast cancer metastasis to the lower jaw, 24 months after primary tumor removal.

Hematogenous metastasis is a highly regulated process and a cascade of dynamic events involving many factors.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between colorectal cancer with hepatic metastasis and its clinical data and its pathologic type.

Laryngocarcinoma is of high frequency in North China and its generation, regeneration&metastasis threaten lives of people.

In this report, we present a case of hepatocellular carcinoma with the unusual manifestations of plaque-like skin metastasis.

There was a history of carcinoma of the colon, with recent metastasis to the liver and lung.

The local recurrent rate and distant metastasis might be reduced by 2 courses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy post-operatively.

A case of a 43-year-old man suffering from pleural mesothelioma with distant bone metastasis is reported.

The top three differentials for this patient include hemangioblastoma, astrocytoma, and metastasis.

Lymph nodes metastasis is one of key factors affecting the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.

The process of metastasis or cancer spread is still much of a mystery to scientists.

the liver was the most common site of concomitant metastasis, followed by the lung, the remote lymph nodes, the bone and the brain.

Objective To explore the correlation between lymph node metastasis and expression of VEGFC and its receptor (KDR) in colorectal carcinoma.

It has played an important role that the abnormal expression of SNAIL gene in gynecologic carcinoma invasion and metastasis.

Understanding the biology of metastasis suppressors provides valuable mechanistic insights that may translate to therapeutic opportunities.

Although the majority of cases behave indolently, occasional distant metastasis, local invasion or recurrence have been reported.

Backgroud and Aim: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with poor prognosis and early metastasis.

Since then, hyaluronan has been shown to be a significant player in heart development and tumor metastasis.

Thus, angiogenesis plays an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis and is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Focusing on these factors, new targets for tumor metastasis might be found.

Objective: To evaluate angiogenesis depending characteristics of carcinoma proliferation and metastasis.

Conclusion: The plasma circulating DNA may be a new method to monitor recurrence or metastasis for patients with lung cancer.

VEGF is a marker of cervical carcinoma metastasis. vascular endothelial cell growth factor, cervical carcinoma, immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion MRI was highly valued in the early-stage-diagnosis of the cervical lymph node metastasis of oral carcinoma.

Objective: Lymph nodes metastasis is the major diffusion route in rectal cancer, and jump metastasis is a very important characteristic.

Distant metastasis and local recurrence after irradiation are the main causes of treatment failure.

IL-18 has also been associated with cancer progression and immune escape, is able to induce angiogenesis, metastasis.

The relationship between the number and character of enlarged lymph nodes, the metastasis and recovery of patients were analysed.

Selective arterial embolization could be selected as primary alternative for victims of severe hemorrhage of bladder metastasis.

Endometrial neoplasms; Hysterectomy; Lymph node excision; Lymphatic metastasis; Therapy.

Conclusion: Conclusion: is an effective, convenient and less side-effect method to treat tumor metastasis at vaginal residue.

It shows that the breast cancer cell with positive expression rate of OPN has stronger capability for invasion and metastasis.

so we study the relationship of thoracic esophageal carcinoma between the depth of invasion and regional lymph node metastasis.

We report that the host-produced histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, while improving chemotherapy.

At the same time, it had a close relation with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis.

Invasion and metastasis are two important characters of malignant tumor, in two process, the PTEN and VEGF play an important role.

However, despite the considerable mortality and morbidity associated with cardiac metastasis, antemortem diagnosis is unusual.

Objective To evaluate treatment and clinical prognosis of gestational trophoblastic tumor ( GTT ) patients with bladder metastasis.

Mesothelioma , metastasis to other organs and complications of the corresponding performance.

Conventional radiological investigations may not delineate metastasis on a background of bone dysplasia.

Results One case of renal oncocytoma underwent radical nephrectomy, the follow-up lasted for 10 months without metastasis or recurrence.

In conclusion, lung cancer with metastasis to the small bowel often presents as intestinal perforation and indicates a poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate DSA appearance and interventional therapeutic effect on different types of hepatic metastasis from colon carcinoma.

Three patients complicated with liver metastasis were given additional arterial embolization concurrently.

CONCLUSIONS: Tissue factor stimulated tumor metastasis through promoting intravascular migration of tumor cells.

The basement membrane (BM) is a specialised form of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is a major barrier to tumor cells during metastasis.

The basement membrane (BM) is a specialised form of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is a major barrier to tumor cells during metastasis.

DFSP with regional lymphatic metastasis is rarely seen, and literature is reviewed for the management of such patients.

Objective To summarize the application and advancement of liver transplantation for hepatic metastasis from neuroendocrine tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of effect of strengthening genuine qi on the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma in a mouse model.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of the blood vessel metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands.

The metastasis and recurrence progress of the solid tumor are highly associated with the circulating tumor cell invade cascade.

Retinal pigment epithelial detachment is a possible complication of radiation therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with intraocular metastasis.

this tumour has an aggressive clinical course , with a high tendency for both local recurrence and distant metastasis.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas is rare, and metastasis to the pancreas from non-hematologic neoplasms is unusual.

The only predictive factor for metastasis was histologic grade.

Conclusions: Patients with peritoneal dissemination have better long term prognosis than those with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.

The expression of EC in squamous lung cancer greatly decreased in poor differentiation and with lymph node metastasis (P01).

Malignant melanoma has a tendency to metastasize to the lung during the course of tumor growth, but endobronchial metastasis is rare.

Therefore, patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer appears to be timely treatment.

Conclusion Metastasis of advanced trophoblastic tumor in abdominopelvic cavity can be detected by color Doppler ultrasound.

Inflammation, tuberculosis, pernicious tumor metastasis through lymph nodes.

Objective To evaluate the interventional approach and efficiency in treating abdominal wall metastasis of primary liver carcinoma.

The component of basement membrane plays important role in regulating tumor metastasis by interacting with cell surface receptor integrins.

Supposing that there is no evidence of secondary metastasis, the treatment is operative.

But if a tumor develops into a carcinoma with the ability to metastasize, it will progress to metastasis quickly.

Cancer stem cells are the cause of tumor formation, recurrence and metastasis.

The metastasis studying content makes the electrovalence and the difference electrovalence mainly including two compensates an effect.

Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Colorectal Carcinoma with Liver Metastasis .

There is no clear consensus on the management strategy for skull base metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Recent studies show that chemokines and their receptors are significantly associated with invasion and lymph node metastasis of tumors.

Conclusion In GIST there was heteroploid of chromosome 8 with more polyploidy than monoploid correlated with recurrence and metastasis.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic of adrenal metastasis from colorectal cancer to improve its diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between different forms of mediastinal lymph node metastasis and prognosis of lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate DSA appearance and interventional therapeutic effect of different type hepatic metastasis from colon carcinoma.

Conclusions Ultrasonography is a valuable, harmless, direct and effective practice for metastasis lymph nodes.

We present a rare case of intramuscular metastasis from malignant melanoma.

The necrotic cystic degeneration in metastasis exhibit ring-shaped enhancement with thin wall or irregularly thick wall enhancement.

In a tougher test of mice that developed breast cancer spontaneously, PL blocked both tumor growth and metastasis.

Conclusion Tumor differentiation and depth of bowel wall invasion are important risk factors for lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Amputation of the leg is the initial treatment, although this alone will not prevent metastasis.

Conclusion: The morphologic change of the distribution and in the tumor lymphatic vessels have close relation to lymphatic metastasis.

Results Tumor angiogenesis were related closely with growth, development, metastasis and prognosis of noumenon tumor.

The international tumor-node-metastasis(TNM) staging system is the international language in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Cancer cells evade immune surveillance is the important reasons of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusion Ultrasonography can be useful for diagnosis of ALN metastasis in breast cancer.

We herein report a case of advanced gastric cancer with perianal skin metastasis in a 70-year-old male.

Objective: To discover the molecular changes and mechanism in gastric cancer invasion and metastasis process E-CD protein expression level.

CT is better than GI and Fibrogastrosco- pyin detecting the lesion, neighbor organ invasion and metastasis.

Mainly died for cachexia, or obstruction, and the cause of death rarely distant metastasis of the tumor.

Conclusions The IGS is strongly associated with metastasis-free survival and overall survival for four different types of tumors.

Instances of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastasis to the penis are very rare.

The prompt traditional Chinese medicine anti-lung cancer metastasis has a broad prospect, deserving more in-depth and standardized research.

Results The quality of life especially pain experience derived from bone metastasis improved significantly.

Lymph node metastasis and its surgical treatment in advanced proximal gastric cancer.

Methods Literatures in recent years about mechanisms of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer were reviewed and summarized.

Title: Gastric adenocarcinoma with distant metastasis: is gastrectomy necessary?

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Cervical lymph node metastasis rate of glottic carcinoma is low.

Lateral lymph nodes metastasis was seen mainly in low differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucous adenocarcinoma.

But these factors had no significant association with the presence of lymph node metastasis.

The invention relates to a medicament compound for treating cancer bone metastasis.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given, but in vain. The patient died of renal failure due to systemic metastasis.

He has chemotherapy once a week to prevent further metastasis.

Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis and depth of bowel wall invasion were risk factors for recurrence and metastasis.

A few of cases may be due to hematogenous metastasis.

Tumor metastasis, the main characteristic of malignance tumor, is the primary cause of death for most cancer patients.

Metastasis --- Spread of malignant cells to other sites in the body.

EU scores before chemoradiotherapy were compared with IMD, AVD, VEGF, histological grading and hepatic metastasis.

Secondly, the camp pin decision-making needs to come true from the metastasis selling policy for guiding sells a scheme to camp for guiding.

Conclusions MVD can be used to evaluat the metastasis and as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients.

Objective: To explore lymphatic recycle of thoracic duct and the mechanisms of tumor metastasis through left supraclavicular lymph nodes.

Determination of CD44V6 protein may be useful to assess the prognosis and lymphatic metastasis, predict prognosis and direct treatment.

It is characterized by extracapsular invasion, metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes or distant organs and histopathological atypia.

Conclusion: The serum osteocalcin could be a good indication to diagnose osseous metastasis caused by lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatic metastasis with unknown primary focal.

The spread of cancer is called metastasis.

Objective To discuss the relationship between pathologic types with lymph nodes metastasis and expression of ER, PR in breast cancer.

Bone marrow metastasis of colorectal cancer commonly occurs subsequent to invasion of the liver and lungs.

This switch involves numerous alterations that allow tumor cells to complete the complex series of events needed for metastasis.

For its diagnosis, the exclusion of SCC of local cutaneous structures and metastasis of distant squamous carcinoma are mandatory.

In the mega group, size, depth of invasion, and lymphovascular emboli were associated with an increased risk of LN metastasis.

Objective To evaluate characteristics of metastasis of advanced trophoblastic tumors in abdominopelvic cavity by color Doppler ultrasound.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis in T1 pulmonary squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the expression of CD44V6 and tumor invasion metastasis in breast cancer.

CONCLUSION: The angiogenesis of laryngeal cancer is correlated with the lymph node metastasis and prognosis.

Metastasis and recurrence are the difficulties for cancer treatment.

Prof Cuervo said it resulted in "dramatic tumour shrinkage and almost complete blockage of metastasis [spreading]" .

Bone is a vulnerable part of late tumor distant metastasis, and the mechanisms for the bone cancer is complicated.

Conclusion: The expression of EC decreased in poor differentiation squamous cell lung cancer with lymph node metastasis.

Objective To analyze the the relationship of depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAF) play an important roles in growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of tumor.

Objective To establish a model of liver and spleen metastasis of human ovarian carcinoma transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice.

The invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer depend on the angiogenesis of tumorous stroma and the degradation of extracellular matrix.

Thus, they remain after tumors shrink and may be responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis.

The occurrence of metastasis to the head and neck region in renal cell carcinoma is extremely rare.

Objective To explore thrombocytosis in patients with colorectal cancer and the interaction of platelet and tumor metastasis.

This suggested that metastasis and tumor cell proliferation were controlled by different mechanisms.

Methods 48cases of recurrent cervical metastasis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with operation.

However, scientists are still not clear how Snail triggers the down-regulation of E-cadherin and induces metastasis in breast cancer.

Objective To explore the surgery and combined therapy of breast cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis.

lymphatic metastasis of tumor metastasis is an important way, is also an important basis for judging the prognosis.

The lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with the invasive depth and pathological type.

DWI and ADC values are secure scatheless, accurate, and quickly methods to judge the lymph node either metastasis or hyperplasia.

Objective To discuss the relationship of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)isoenzyme and metastasis of carcinoma.

As for the young patients with stump-positive and lymph node metastasis, postoperative radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is necessary.

Conclusion Detection of VEGF may be valuable in monitoring metastasis of uveal melanoma.

It is important that the malignant tumour be removed as thoroughly as possible in surgery to avoid its metastasis and recurrence .

The role of CD44 variant forms in progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer needs to be elucidated.

Conclusion: High expression of VEGF-D in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma can promote lymphatic metastasis.

Objective: To explore a method for predicting peritoneal metastasis in gastric carcinoma patients.

Diagnosis: Thyroid gland's tumor resection, follicular carcinoma, solid variant, microinvasive with lymph node metastasis .

Heparanase expression were related with lymph node metastasis in carcinoma of the cervix.

Objective To explore the possible role and mechanism of extracellular matrix in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.

Only the unresectable peritoneal dissemination or liver metastasis is indicative of end-stage colorectal cancer.

These phenotypes were correlated with patients' age. tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage.

Formation of new blood vessels is a prerequisite for outgrowth of solid tumours and metastasis.

Pathways activated downstream of metastasis suppressor loss can also be targeted.

Although controversial at first, the EMT hypothesis was bolstered by experiments in mice showing that activation of EMT led to metastasis.

The positive expression rate of OPN is higher with those who suffer from lymph node metastasis.

Increased size, macroscopic type (elevated), depth of invasion, and lymphovascular invasion were associated with LN metastasis.

Conclusion Oligochitosan can inhibit growth and metastasis of tumor, and enhance expression of cytokines associated with macrophage.

Objective To observe the factors of effect in multiple brain metastasis(MBM) treated by gamma knife radiosurgery(GKS).

We discuss and review the diagnosis and management of cutaneous metastasis of uterine adenocarcinoma.

To master etiology, common pathological types, pathway of metastasis and prognosis of lung carcinoma.

Angiogenesis is correlated to growth, infiltrating and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Objective To observe the efficacy of "Xiaojia Decoction" in preventing the recurrence and metastasis of postoperative mammary carcinoma.

CCR7 expression in primary tumor is correlated with tumor stage, invasion depth, pathological differentiation and lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion The best treatment for patients with metastasis and reginal lymph nodes in voluement is radical operation.

Metastasis should mainly be differentiated from glioma, meningioma and brain abscess.

Objective To investigate the characteristic of portal vein in the colorectal cancer with liver metastasis.

It provides an appropriate and useful animal model for studying the liver and spleen metastasis of human ovarian carcinoma.

Objective To introduce the current studies on bone biochemical markers in breast cancer with bone metastasis.

Objective To investigate the expression of Syk and VEGF-C in pancreatic cancer and relation to lymphatic metastasis.

Conclusions: KNSL4 expression is an indicator of metastasis of breast cancer cells but not a regulator in metastasis progress.

MMP exerted an important role in invasion and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer through degrading the ECM.

Objective: to investigate the risk factors of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer.

This study makes a significant contribution to the theory of cancer metastasis.

Results The CT direct sign of POC was pelvic cavity lump, the indirect signs were ascites, infiltration and metastasis.

The cancer cells in this type are badly differentiated with early metastasis through lymph and blood circulation.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors and the correlation between lymph nodes metastasis and prognosis.

Tissue, Section, Matched Pairs, Human Primary and Matched Metastasis Tumor, Stomach.

Among them, chemotherapy has an irreplaceable function on the prevention of tumor recur and metastasis.

Two patients died, one with extended pulmonary metastasis and the other with relapsed disease and high levels of tumor markers.

Metastasis first was seen in the lymph node retroperitoneal and posterior to diaphragmatic crus , and next in the chest.

This is the first case report of an epidural metastasis from malignant pheochromocytoma without a bony invasion.

MMP-9 and metastin could be a marker to evaluate metastasis and invasion in renal clear cell carcinoma .

Two biological characteristics are found in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: perineural invasion and lung metastasis.

Its protein product was found to also suppress metastasis of melanoma cells and murine mammary carcinoma cells.

HCC is generally hypervascular, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes HCC development and metastasis.

Blocking it may achieve the purpose of inhibiting the growth and metastasis of cancer.

Recent evidences suggest autophagy is a double-edged sword in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis.

Following up 12 months postoperative, the patient had no evidence of recurrent disease and metastasis.

In a word, BSP gene silencing can decrease the incidence rate of bone metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the CT manifestations of cervical lymph nodes metastasis of head and neck neoplasms.

Meanwhile, some lymphokines with cell-to-cell effects also play some important roles in tumour metastasis.

Melanoma is a malignant skin cancer that displays a high rate of tumor cell migration and metastasis.

VEGF-C in human ovarian promoted tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, was related to epithelial ovarian cancer prognosis.

Metastasis of a malignant melanoma of thyroid.

Objective To investigate the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in endometrial carcinoma and its relation to the tumor invasion and metastasis.

Here we will review the molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and the relation of lymphangiogenesis with lymphatic metastasis and . . .

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of partial hepatectomy (PH)-induced hypercoagulable activity on experimental liver metastasis.

Cutaneous metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma is rare.

Objective: To evaluate the manifestations of liver metastasis by spiral CT with three-phase scanning.

The end point for tumor aggressiveness was metastasis - free survival among patients with lymph- node - negative disease.

Conclusion: Lymph node metastasis in neck of well-differentiated thyroid cancer is unstable.

Hepatectomy and RFA of hepatic metastasis of colon cancer have similar therapeutic efficacy.