linux kernel

UML is a kernel patch that allows the Linux kernel to be compiled into a binary that you can run as a normal program.

This sort of implementation was an inspired idea on the part of the Linux kernel developers.

Inspecting Linux kernel and system-level code is likely to be a time-intensive affair and of somewhat limited use in the real world.

KVM proved not long ago that through the addition of a kernel module, one could transform the Linux kernel into a hypervisor.

The approach that KVM takes is to turn a Linux kernel into a hypervisor simply by loading a kernel module.

Now, the Linux kernel is kept up to date by thousands of programmers from around the world.

And yet no documented and proven, system-wide stress test exists currently that can test the stability of the Linux kernel in its entirety.

And although the Linux kernel makes great use of these extensions, they are all available to you for use in your own applications as well.

As pieces are proven to be stable, those pieces can be merged into the main Linux kernel individually, or even all at once.

The standard timer API has been part of the Linux kernel for quite some time (since the early versions of the Linux kernel).

Good work is going on for the general SACK handling case in the current Linux kernel development tree.

Enterprising hackers from IBM and elsewhere have worked to develop modules for the Linux kernel to take advantage of these sensors.

Over time, the Linux kernel has become efficient in terms of both memory and CPU usage, as well as extremely stable.

In such a case there is a possibility that the Linux kernel will not direct its output to the card initially used by the firmware.

In the standard 2. 6 Linux kernel, when a user space process makes a call into the kernel (through a system call), it cannot be preempted.

Such a proposal isn't contrary to the GNU public license (GPL) that the Linux kernel is licensed under.

Files not discussed in this article, one of the best sources is the Linux kernel source itself, which contains some very good documentation.

The next section explores the SELinux implementation and how security enforcement was transparently added to the Linux kernel.

Linux-VServer achieves user-space isolation through a set of modifications to the Linux kernel.

Torvalds himself is now sponsored by the Linux Foundation and continues to work on the Linux kernel full-time.

The simplest means of synchronization in the Linux kernel are the atomic operations.

The Linux kernel also supports multiprocessing known as symmetric multiprocessing (SMP).

The goal is to help improve the Linux kernel by bringing test automation to the kernel testing effort.

We wanted to see how far we could push one virtualized Linux kernel in a 64-bit operating system environment running Lotus Domino under VM.

One of the biggest improvements in organized testing of the Linux kernel that has happened since the release of 2. 4 is bug tracking.

Boot parameters are Linux kernel parameters which are generally used to make sure that peripherals are dealt with properly.

Our experience thus far indicates that the performance of the Linux kernel can be improved significantly.

This way, an administrator can simply pick the security module he wants to use and insert it like any other Linux kernel module.

KQEMU is not part of the standard Linux kernel, though; you must download it from the QEMU Web site or install it in a separate package.

Historically, the approach to testing the Linux kernel has centered around the open source development model.

The size of virtual memory for a process is 4GB with one quarter of the process space reserved for the Linux kernel.

Such, in fact, is just what happened recently when news broke of the Linux kernel bug that -- it turns out -- had been around since 2004.

So except for the Linux kernel, you can install, start, stop, and reconfigure software without having to reboot the system.

Now, a bug tracking system has been installed at OSDL (see Resources for a link) for reporting and tracking bugs against the Linux kernel.

Although Ceph is now integrated into the mainline Linux kernel, it's properly noted there as experimental.

KVM then simply turns the Linux kernel into a hypervisor (when you install the kvm kernel module).

Note that the current Linux kernel does not support floppies on CHRP systems at all.

The Linux key retention service is a new mechanism introduced to hold security-related information for fast access by the Linux kernel.

We analyzed this combination test to determine which sections of the Linux kernel get exercised during test execution.

The Linux kernel must be able to parse GPT data structures in order to provide access to the partitions the disk contains.

Historically, there never was a formal source code management or revision control system for the Linux kernel.

The Linux kernel operates in a virtual memory mode: for every virtual page there is a corresponding physical page of memory in the system.

The Linux kernel provides a lightweight process framework for creating threads; the actual thread implementation is in the user space.

Using a Linux kernel patch to allow gdb to work on the Linux kernel helped in solving problems on the filesystem that I work on in Linux.

The core operating system consists of the GPL-licensed Linux kernel and an Apache-licensed middleware and userspace stack.

The official interfaces of the Linux kernel are designed to be platform-independent.

This article gave a brief overview of some of the techniques used to bring real-time computing to the Linux kernel.

KVM leverages the core features of the Linux kernel, including paravirtualization interfaces contributed by IBM engineers.

The non-real-time Linux kernel runs in the background as a lower-priority task of the thin kernel and hosts all non-real-time tasks.

next-server specifies the address of the server where the Linux kernel defined on the filename options is accessible via TFTP.

With every Linux kernel release come a few surprises, and this December's 2. 6. 28 release was no exception.

Not unlike other major subsystems in the Linux kernel, the SCSI subsystem exists as a layered architecture with three distinct layers.

The Linux kernel keeps complete information about a process in a process descriptor defined as struct task_struct.

Now let's look at some of the major components of the Linux kernel using the breakdown shown in Figure 3 as a guide.

Git: Git is a popular version control system and is used to coordinate development on the Linux kernel, among other substantial projects.

The vast majority of the source code in the Linux kernel exists in device drivers that make a particular hardware device usable.

Once transferred, the Linux kernel can be booted and initrd mounted, as is done in a local image boot.

KVM is a full virtualization solution that is unique in that it turns a Linux kernel into a hypervisor using a kernel module.

Ad hoc performance tools are usually simple tools that instrument a specific component of the Linux kernel.

The Linux Trace Toolkit (LTT) catalogs system events in fine detail to provide visibility of the internal operation of the Linux kernel.

We have established close collaboration with the members of the Linux kernel development team on moving forward to achieve this target.

The initrd function allows you to create a small Linux kernel with drivers compiled as loadable modules.

It is actively developed by a large and knowledgeable open source community, similar to how the Linux kernel is developed.

Download the appropriate patch for your version of the Linux kernel.

The Linux kernel can be preempted and is subject to priority inversion.

The environment module provides the abstraction of the Linux kernel (with flags to support compilation in the simulation mode).

Iptables are used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel.

The Linux kernel on the system you're configuring must support IP aliasing before you can use this technique.

Git is a distributed version control system, originally written by Linus Torvalds to manage the source code of the Linux kernel.

SystemTap is a dynamic method of monitoring and tracing the operation of a running Linux kernel.

If you're familiar with building a Linux kernel, note that menuconfig is the same target for configuring the contents of the Linux kernel.

Among the usually updated game packages are updates to graphic drivers and the Linux kernel.

Creating test cases for the Linux kernel is pretty straightforward; usually either very specific or very broad coverage is desired.

The Linux kernel provides several functions that you can use to move system call arguments to and from user-space.

The linux-kernel mailing list, Linus said, is somewhat famous for its outspoken nature; it is seen as a barrier to participation sometimes.

As the community of Linux kernel developers expands, revision control is important for helping keep track of all the changes.

A lot of wireless adapters require drivers that are either non-free or have not been accepted into the official Linux kernel.

coLinux is a new open source solution that lets you run a Linux kernel on top of a Windows kernel.

filename specifies the Linux kernel to be loaded when servicing a BOOTP request.

LinSched is a user-space application built from a number of components (including portions of the Linux kernel itself).

It's a kernel module solution that requires minimal changes to the Linux kernel and loads as a kernel module.

Otherwise extensions may be left running and cause random problems with the running linux kernel.

The Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD) is a Linux Kernel module that constitutes a distributed storage system.

PVFS is available as a Linux kernel module and can also be built into the Linux kernel.

Similarly, Linux kernel data structures can also be logged and even modified non-disruptively, as well.

This growth in processor cost per user seemed to be related to overhead in the Linux kernel itself.

The framework is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License and is standard part of the Linux kernel since Linux 2. 6.

Another culprit could be the fact that your Linux kernel needs to mount the root file system, but it can't find the target device.

Embedded Linux development broadly involves three tiers: the bootloader, the Linux kernel, and the graphical user interface (or GUI).

The Linux Kernel SCTP project (lksctp) provides API extensions and documentation that will help you on your way.

Part of the Linux kernel sources, supports both Hermes-based cards and Intersil Prism-based cards.

Usually, images are used when creating bootable CDs or floppies, by copying an image of a linux kernel on them.

As CD-ROMs are inserted and removed, the Linux kernel must adapt to these new file systems with different contents and structure.

As we've already discussed, the Linux kernel itself isn't terribly useful for end users on its own.

With contention, a POSIX lock and unlock operation would trigger Linux kernel priority inheritance support to occur.

It is similar to how HMCs have specialized software loaded onto a Linux kernel for a specific purpose.

This article focuses on Linux kernel memory management and, in particular, the mechanisms provided through slab allocation.

Embedded Linux kernel testing, drivers' program testing and EPA scheduling program testing are operated on DUT5000 experimental platform.

The Linux kernel is yet another model example of an abstracted layered architecture.

The code associated with many standard networking services is integrated into the Linux kernel.

A joint team of Sony, IBM, and Toshiba employees based in Austin, Texas, did the groundwork for the Linux kernel port.

The LXC project consists of a Linux kernel patch and userspace tools.

The second method is a native port of ZFS for integration into the Linux kernel while avoiding the intellectual property issues.

USENIX has brought together the core of the Linux Kernel development team in the Linux Kernel Developers Summit, held annually since 2001.

The kgdb program (remote host Linux kernel debugger through gdb) provides a mechanism to debug the Linux kernel using gdb.

His interests include Linux kernel internals, file systems, and autonomic computing.

Is Linux kernel development proceeding faster than Windows Server development?

Instead, what if the standard Linux kernel incorporated the necessary changes to support real time?

Using an updated Linux kernel with the HDAPS driver, you can use a simple program called knockAge to generate knock codes.

SMT can be disabled by passing smt-enabled=off to the Linux kernel when booting.

POSIX services are available at run time through the libpthread. so dynamic library and underlying Linux kernel support.

She has been working on Linux for three years and is currently working on Linux kernel validation and Linux reliability measurement.

Finally, the Linux kernel provides its own means for real time, both soft and hard.

The Linux kernel initializes devices like SCSI cards and other hardware devices that are built into the kernel.

Linuxuses a monolithic kernel, the Linux kernel, which handles process control, networking, and peripheral and file system access.

Some valuable research on the operating system porting theory and the Linux kernel porting principles will be described in the thesis.

What's more, they say, it would take USD $1. 4 billion just to develop the Linux kernel on its own.

The Linux kernel is over six million lines of code, so this introduction is not exhaustive.

This article explores many of the synchronization or locking mechanisms that are available in the Linux kernel.

With these, you can boot a Linux kernel that was built for a different target architecture.

U-boot initializes the system, then boots the Linux kernel.

In addition, Linux drivers for Windows-specific hardware are usually specific to one Linux kernel.

Today, many network-based or network-capable appliances run a flavor of the Linux kernel.

The cutting of embedded Linux kernel, debugging and cross-compiling is operated in the desktop computer.

It uses the Linux kernel wireless extensions, so most wireless cards are supported from the pcmcia-cs package.

You can exercise this paravirtualization infrastructure today in the Linux kernel.

To visit the device, the Linux kernel maps the device operation call to the device driver via the file system.

Linux development for other-than-x86 hardware has led to improvements in the quality of the Linux kernel, even for x86 users.

The Linux kernel properly scaled to use hardware resources (CPU, memory, disk) on SMP systems.

I am indebted to Eli Dow of IBM who wrote an earlier version of this article, prior to the final integration of inotify in the Linux kernel.

The use of BitKeeper created a live, central repository for pulling snapshots of the Linux kernel at any time.

The Linux KVM is the first virtualization technology that has been integrated into the mainline Linux kernel.

However, you can normally only access them during a compilation of the Linux kernel.

A process is the way the linux kernel represents programs that are running or are in temporary standby.

It also includes somenew features. For instance, one Linux kernel update makes using OpenVZ virtualization much easier.

The Linux Test Project is a collection of tools for testing the Linux kernel and related features.

As of the 2. 6 Linux kernel, UML resides in the main kernel tree, but it must be enabled and then recompiled for use.

Instead of adopting a single approach, the Linux kernel inherited a generic framework that separated policy from enforcement.

Note that the Linux kernel was not upgraded by these procedures.

And, as you probably know, the Linux kernel's virtual memory resources come from both your RAM and swap devices.

This module allows other guest operating systems to then run in user-space of the host Linux kernel (see Figure 7).

When a boot device is found, the Linux kernel boot process begins.

This document describes the virtual memory layout which the Linux kernel uses for ARM processors.

The Linux kernel provides two ways to put a process to sleep.

With the second-stage boot loader in RAM, the Linux kernel image and the initial RAM disk image (initrd) are loaded into RAM.

Today, the main Linux kernel has code for 22 architectures, although not all of them are equally well supported or mature.

Figure 2 shows where the SCSI subsystem fits within the Linux kernel.

The IA-64 Linux kernel uses little-endian by default, but allows for the possibility of using big-endian byte order.

In Linux, kernel space is constantly present and maps the same physical memory in all processes.

The file names are relative to the root of the Linux kernel source tree.

Early on, the MINIX community contributed code and ideas to the Linux kernel.

This utility requires a Linux kernel with wireless extensions.

As part of the installation, a Linux kernel will be installed.

The Linux kernel uses the Memory Technology Device (MTD) interface, which is a generic interface for flash devices.

The Linux Test Project used this design method when designing the Linux kernel stress test script ltpstress. sh.

Kernel-related defects were opened in the Linux kernel bug tracking system.

The uClinux port of the Linux kernel provides for non-MMU support.

The task at this stage is to load the Linux kernel and optional initial RAM disk.

Android is a modified Linux kernel that incorporates a software stack for mobile devices (see Figure 2).

Older, maintained separately from the Linux kernel tree.

The most recent news out of Linux is the incorporation of the KVM into the Linux kernel (2. 6. 20).

These cases occur during periods of major change in the Linux community, such as a change in the Linux kernel release.

That will be the place from which the Linux kernel will be loaded on reboot.

Because the Linux key retention service is still very new, it is turned off by default in the Linux kernel.

Simultaneous Multi-threading (SMT) provides another possible performance gain when moving to the 2. 6 based Linux kernel.

The last 1GB of memory is reserved for the Linux Kernel.

Get HDAPS from your favorite Linux kernel download mirror.

With the kernel acting as a hypervisor, you can then start other operating systems, such as another Linux kernel or Windows.

In testing the stability of Linux kernel releases, there is a need to clearly state and document why the release is stable or unstable.

For more information on SPARC hardware supported by the Linux kernel.

As we approach the 20th anniversary of the Linux kernel, we had a good opportunity to say "enough, " so that is what Linus did.

This command requires Linux kernel version 2. 4. 11 or greater, which isn't much of a problem today.

Adrian Bunk has provided a set of packages for i386 Potato systems which provide compatibility for Linux Kernel 2. 4. X.

This is the license that the Linux kernel and much of the open source software uses.

This is, in essence, the main function for the Linux kernel.

LKMs are also a popular mechanism for device drivers and filesystems in the Linux kernel.

coLinux is a port of the standard Linux kernel.

The Linux kernel is the one who holds the key to my heart.

This will allow the Linux kernel to recognize them as Linux RAID partitions, so they will be autodetected and started at every boot.

Now let's look at one final decentralized SCM written by the maintainer of the Linux kernel himself, Linus Torvalds.

You use the drbdsetup utility to configure the DRBD module in the Linux kernel and drbdmeta to manage DRBD's metadata structures.

GRUB Legacy uses the kernel keyword to specify a Linux kernel; GRUB 2 uses linux, instead.

Hollis Blanchard started learning about the PowerPC architecture and the Linux kernel in 1998.

A baseline measurement is made using the previously determined version of the Linux kernel.

Table 2 defines the standard data types of the Linux kernel.

By using the Linux kernel Google Chrome gains the advantage of all of the hardware drivers.

uClinux is a port of the Linux kernel that can execute on systems that lack an MMU.

LILO then loads the Linux kernel into memory and it starts to work its magic.

One common question I receive is, "What Linux kernel or system tweaks do I need to make DB2 run well on Linux? "

You need a modern Linux kernel with evdev support.

The Linux kernel understands Sun disk labels, so there are no problems there.

Torvalds created the Linux kernel in 1991, using the Minix operating system as inspiration.

The hypervisor is based on the KVM project (kvm. qumranet. com), which has been integrated into the Linux kernel since 2006.

Device mapper (also known as dm_mod) is a Linux kernel module (it can be built-in too), upstream since kernel 2. 6. 9.

The Linux kernel still does its normal security checks; for example, if you want to write to a file, you still need write permission to it.

Finally, Ceph is open source distributed storage and part of the mainline Linux kernel (2. 6. 34).

When you put the Linux kernel together with useful software, an installer, and management utilities, you have a Linux distribution.

This article on driver porting to the 2. 6 Linux kernel discusses kernel modules in detail.

The NETtel router family runs an Embedded Linux kernel.

Until Linux kernel 2. 26. 3, the maximum size of a command was limited.

With middleware, we pick solutions that work as extensions to the Linux kernel so we can build an SSI cluster.

The Linux kernel (from 2. 5 version onwards) has been modified to provide POSIX-compliant support.

Linux has been available for the POWER architecture since Linux kernel version 2. 2.

Ingo has been involved in Linux kernel development since 1995.

You can use gdb to debug user-space programs or the Linux kernel.

Stage 1 (MBR) boots a stage 1. 5 boot loader that understands the particular file system containing the Linux kernel image.

Starting with the 2. 6. 0 Linux kernel, you can dynamically scale processor frequencies through the CPUfreq subsystem.

You can run a distribution that is openMosix-aware but as small as the Linux kernel.

For this article, we combine the coLinux and openMosix patch for the 2. 4. 26 Linux kernel.

Prefetching is used extensively by the Linux kernel.

Other features needed by the Linux kernel, such as networking or video access, are proxied externally.

Spinlocks are used frequently in the Linux kernel itself.

Linux kernel contributor Jonathan Corbet told InternetNews. com that one such feature is the inclusion of new Web cam drivers.

And the Linux kernel source at.

Inotify is a file change notification system in the Linux kernel, available since version 2. 6. 13.

It is certainly true that anyone can modify the Linux kernel for their own means.

Instead of using raw sectors on the disk, as LILO does, GRUB can load a Linux kernel from an ext2 or ext3 file system.

The 64-bit Linux kernel contains support to handle 32-bit system calls.

Most are based on the Linux kernel (but there are LiveCDs for other operating systems).

A single floppy disk can hold around 1. 4-1. 7MB, so there's not much room available for the Linux kernel and associated user applications.

The image contains not only the Linux kernel and root file system but also the typical boot sector used by GRUB and LILO.

Porting coLinux into Linux kernel version 2. 6.

The 64-bit Linux kernel handles 32-bit system calls.

Today, BitKeeper is used to manage the Linux kernel source code for both the main 2. 4 and 2. 5 kernels.

I think one gap that has been repaired quite recently is that file attributes are now part of the 2. 5 Linux kernel.

Download KGDB, a source-level debugger for the Linux kernel that is used along with GDB to debug the kernel.

As of SLES8, running kernel 2. 4. 19, there is an option for setting the minimum and maximum for CPU timeslices in the Linux kernel.

KGDB is a source-level debugger for the Linux kernel that is used along with gdb to debug the kernel.

But as of late March 2010, you can now find Ceph in the mainline Linux kernel (since 2. 6. 34).

This is the first time Microsoft contributes code to the Linux kernel and it is the first time Microsoft releases code under GPLv2.

The code has been tested with Linux kernel version 2. 6. 20.

This image contains not only the Linux kernel image and root file system but also the boot sector that is used to launch Linux.

The computer ran a 64-bit 2. 6. 32. 3 Linux kernel.

Ext4fs has been in the Linux kernel since 2. 6. 19 but is yet to be called stable.

Kprobes has been in the mainline Linux kernel since version 2. 6. 9 and provides a general service for probing a kernel.

Where to Start LookingA large complex program like the Linux kernel can BE rather daunting to look at

Generic Congestion Control for IP Networks and Its Implementation in Linux Kernel

After you install the operating system, you can find the installed version of the Linux kernel with the following command

Defines the maximum number of file-handles that the Linux kernel will allocate

Design and Implementation of a High-Resolution Timer in Linux Kernel

Research of collecting Linux kernel information with common interface

Four primary areas of the Linux kernel can affect system response and execution time

Currently, two open source tools can help in code coverage analysis of the Linux kernel

Improving Linux kernel performance and scalability

I can certainly imagine the Linux kernel becoming obsolete--anything else would just be sad

Linux Technology Center Linux Kernel Performance

Android is built on the Linux kernel, but Android is not Linux Android

Research and analyses of state inspection firewall in Linux kernel

Analysis and inspection of double-frequency clock use in Linux kernel

This chapter describes where in the Linux kernel sources you should start looking FOR particular kernel functions