Kurd

Most Shias and many Kurds seem to welcome the verdict: they do not care a jot about the technical defects of the trial.

A new generation of dissatisfied and radical Kurds could easily unleash a cycle of violence that even the PKK might be unable to control.

After his death, the case of Anfal is automatically closed, and with it the unknown fate of thousands of Kurds.

The Kurds had called for a general strike after the death of Saneh Jaleh, a student who was one of the two men killed last Monday.

The last thing the Americans want to see, as they pull out of Iraq, is a war between Turkey and Iraqi Kurds.

But a no-fly zone could save thousands of Libyan lives, just as an earlier one saved Kurds in Iraq.

At the local level, Sunnis, Shia, and Kurds are beginning to come together to reclaim their communities and rebuild their lives.

The Kurds, who had recently expressed hesitation about the agreement despite weeks of solid support, seem to have decided on approval.

At this meeting the Kurds walked out when others wanted to keep the word "Arab" in the name of the Syrian Republic.

Overall, he may control up to 40 seats, perhaps enough to give Mr Maliki or Mr Allawi a majority together with the Kurds.

The haven would be similar to that created for the Kurds in northern Iraq; Mr Assad would suffer only if he attacked it.

He says they are ready to lay down their arms if the solution includes equal rights for Kurds within Turkey.

But on Sunday at least four Kurds in Qamishli, a city near the Turkish border, were arrested.

Meanwhile in Turkey, Kurds are using unprecedented new freedoms to reverse years of discrimination and alienation.

As the largest ethnic minority in the Middle East without a state, Kurds at one time depended on an armed insurgency to press their cause.

Getting into a cab and start talking to the cab driver, start talking to random people, this resentment towards Kurds does exist.

All the main non-sectarian alliances are headed by Shias, for Sunnis and Kurds have no chance of electing a prime minister.

The trial was a chance to let the world, especially the Arabs, know why we Kurds have issues with Saddam.

One of the captors perversely forced our Kurdish fixer to translate "We hate Kurds" into English from Arabic, creating even more tension.

Meanwhile the PKK, in a statement, said its fighters would defend the Kurds and their interests to "the last drop of blood" .

With the exception of the Kurds, Syria's minorities enjoy a sense of security envied elsewhere in the region.

But the outcome of any confrontation is also predictable: namely, that the Kurds and Shia would prevail.

Many Iraqi Kurds do not believe Turkey's claim that it is motivated only by the raids of PKK fighters.

American representatives in Baghdad have become impatient with the Kurds, considering them to have overreached themselves in recent years.

Turkey has sensibly begun to accept the autonomy of Iraq's Kurds, who are likely to be influential in coalition-building.

Along the dividing line between Arabs and Kurds, tension is as high as ever. Iraq's territorial integrity is not certain.

AS IRAQ'S Kurds prepare to vote on July 25th for a regional assembly and a president, the buzzword is Goran, meaning change.

Some Turks think it would be better to let the Kurds go.

Later, they turned a blind eye to his use of chemical weapons, first against Iranian soldiers and then against his own unruly Kurds.

The presidency, a largely ceremonial job, seems likely to go again to the Kurds, perhaps also to the incumbent, Jalal Talabani.

Psychologically, the UN's endorsement of a no-fly zone (something the Kurds never had) is a major boon for the rebels.

The Iraqi example has made all Kurds at least contemplate a prouder future.

But Kurds in Iraq and elsewhere have endured harsh crackdowns in pursuit of that dream.

Some Kurds worry that, having lured the rebels down from the mountains, Turkey will return to its old repressive ways.

Above all, Iraq needs a leader who can appeal to its Shia Arabs, Sunni Arabs and Kurds, divided by a chasm of ethno-sectarian hatred.

Depending on how the authorities in Damascus and Tehran treat them, the same may be true of Syrian and Iranian Kurds.

The elections promise to be the most hotly contested during the Kurds' current golden era of autonomy.

In television debates and across the blogosphere support for the idea that the Kurds should go their own way is growing.

The BDP had boycotted parliament altogether, holding its own sessions in the Kurds' unofficial capital, Diyarbakir.

And in Iraq, Kurds have run their own affairs in the northern part of the country since the ouster of Saddam Hussein's regime.

Kurdish officials say their own history of suffering gives them responsibility to help Syrian Kurds.

The Kurds are enjoying a golden age of near-independence that they have never had before.

Sectarian Shia forces and those Kurds who sought near-full autonomy did less well than had been expected in the poll.

The old duopoly's weakening could make it still harder for the Kurds to get closer to independence.

After years of mutual hostility, Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds are at last talking.

These include recognising the Kurds' regional government in Iraq and introducing a more liberal amnesty for PKK fighters.

Most Shias and many Kurds do not care a jot about the technical defects of the trial.

In short, the new establishment of Shias, Sunnis and Kurds sorely needs to build a sense of nationhood.

Saddam's treatment of the Kurds is genocide and cannot be excused on any pretext.

The UN has made progress towards calming nerves along the territorial "trigger line" dividing Arabs from Kurds.

For all his grandstanding about seeking a better deal for the Kurds, Abdullah Ocalan, the captive PKK leader, also seems on board.

The Kurds are feeling confident, having made a relatively stable enclave in the northern part of the country.

Hoping to bully Turkey into recognising their quasi-independent state, the Iraqi Kurds let the rebels roam free.

With the half-exception of the Kurds, however, Iraq does not lend itself to neat division.

Yet until the Kurds' demands are met that wing is unlikely to be discarded.

Sunnis, Shias and Kurds alike still see their respective militias as a hedge against an uncertain future.

Sezgin Tanrikulu, a Kurdish human-rights lawyer, mutters of a "last exit" before Turks and Kurds go their separate ways.

The Kurds have fought back in rebellion after rebellion.

A constitution has been written, but this has not resolved the big differences between Shias, Sunnis and Kurds.

One year after U. S. troops left Iraq, observers say the fragile network of Sunnis, Shias, and Kurds may be unraveling.

First, the Kurds have kept their role as kingmakers and may have insisted on giving Mr Allawi's team a powerful presence in government.

Nor yet were they interested in the first serious effort by any government to talk to the Kurds.

Marco found the Kurds inhospitable, describing them as a people who "rob the merchants gladly. "

Even if the Kurds' enviable discipline in parliament holds up, their role as kingmakers may be over.

My brothers [that what I called the U. S. soldiers] or against the Kurds [I am half Kurdish]?

The available evidence shows he was involved in persecution of the Kurds in the play of the event than the "associates" is much smaller.

Since 2002, Mr Erdogan has given Kurds more freedom and autonomy than they had before, for which he deserves credit.

Mr Maliki is unloved, especially by Sunnis and by many Kurds. Sunni Arab leaders of neighbouring countries distrust him.

Oil smuggling was a regular source of revenue for the Kurds and their leaders, according to former senior Saddam officials.

The Americans have proposed "three-way" patrols comprising themselves, Arabs and Kurds to cool the hottest spots.

The Muslim majority of the region includes Arabs, Persians, and Kurds, all of whom speak different languages.

In any event, the Kurdish regional government in Erbil, the Iraqi Kurds' capital, is arguing with Baghdad over how payment is allocated.

When a Kurd showed the photo's of killed Kurds to the late Yasser Arafat, he didn't believe the Iraqi regime killed the Kurds.

Disenfranchised Kurds feel the city's municipalities are not addressing their needs.

Syrian Kurds complain of decades-long discrimination against their community.

In fact, most Turkish Kurds, while hoping for cultural freedoms, want to remain Turkish citizens; many have been happily assimilated.

The Kurds and the Arabs have yet to accommodate each others' aspirations or banish the prospect of violence to achieve their aims.

Some gloated that the earthquake was "divine punishment" for the Kurds.

Kurds are spurning mosques staffed by state-appointed imams in favour of Kurdish-language prayers in fields.

Flashpoints, particularly along a "trigger line" between Iraq's Arabs and Kurds, threaten the peace.

The Iraqi Kurds are talking of amnesty for PKK fighters born on their side of the border, Syria may do too.

Hundreds of Kurds have flocked to the conflict zone to become "human shields" for the rebels.

That is in part because successive Turkish governments, egged on by the army, have refused to recognise the Kurds' existence.

The Americans are the only ones who might persuade the Kurds to change their mind.

As ever, ordinary Kurds will pay the price as support for the AK's Kurdish reforms fizzles out.

In Iran, the Western crackdown on Tehran over its nuclear ambitions has given Iranian Kurds hope for change.

Since being divvied up at the end of World War I, many Kurds in Iraq and neighboring countries yearn to unite in their own state.

Antagonizing the Iraqi Kurds could upset a delicate security arrangement.

Most of the violence in Iraq though is either sectarian between Sunni and ShiiteMuslims or ethnic between Arabs and Kurds.

But now a growing number of Turks are questioning the merits of cohabiting with the country's estimated 14m Kurds.

In addition to the crimes against the Kurds, he was found guilty of repression campaigns against Iraqi Shi'ites.

"This was usual then. " The gassing of 5, 000 Kurds in Halabja was, concedes a seemingly upright general, "a political mistake" .

The latter two groups worry that the Kurds will make a grab for the city once the Americans are gone.

The Kurds'long-time nationalist movements have gone through the modern history of the Middle East.

In turn, many Arabs believe the Kurds will never compromise on land they occupied after Saddam's fall.

Build and sustain strategic partnerships with moderate Shi'a, Sunnis, and Kurds.

April 7 - Assad issues a decree granting nationality to thousands of Kurds.

Dear Sir, My Name is MIKE SAMBO , an Iraqis National from the Kurds an Accountant in Oil refinery in Durra.

Friendship with Turkey would enable Iraq's Kurds to export their oil and gas and to check Iran's influence in the region.

He has called for decentralising power, thereby granting the Kurds greater autonomy, and keeping the generals under strict civilian control.

As their American mentors leave, the Iraqi Kurds are turning to Turkey for protection.

But Rasti wonders why nobody cared about Kurds, when Saddam was fighting Iran. . .

Kurdish alliance, the fourth main block, swept the Kurds' three provinces in the north.

Turkey, with the biggest Kurdish population in the region, has been the prickliest about its Kurds.

Long ignored by the West, Kurds are now highly visible actors on the world's political stage.

Kirkuk is divided between Kurds, Christians, Arabs and Turkmen.

Not only would that mean increasing the Kurds' chances of holding on to the provincial council.

In Sinjar, west of Mosul, some Yazidis, who predominate there, say the Kurds want to force them to vote for the Kurdish list.

They point to continuing harsh treatment of Turkey's Kurds and soft treatment of Iran.

The Kurds say their demands are minimal, falling far short of independence.

It made peace with the Iraqi Kurds and opened a consulate in Erbil, their capital.

IRAQ'S Kurds go to the polls on Saturday July 25th to vote for a regional assembly and a president.

The more Kurds there are in Ankara, the more comprehensive will be the new constitution Mr Erdogan promises to deliver after the election.

The slaughter began after Kurds were accused of aiding Iran during the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s.

Police in Italy and other European countries have arrested about 50 people allegedly involved in smuggling Iraqi Kurds into Europe.

The Kurds have a strong moral claim to the province.

As far as Sunnis are concerned, the Kurds must not get it - under any cost.

In sum, a durable settlement between Iraq's Arabs and Kurds looks no closer.

More recently the government has worked hard to reach an accommodation with the Kurds of northern Iraq.

Most Kurds were staunch opponents of Saddam Hussein.

In the past the Americans were sympathetic to the Kurds. But now their patience is wearing thin.

Local 29, the Iraqi High Criminal Court for alleged persecution of Shiite Kurds from the additional 10 years in prison on Aziz's decision.

Mr Maliki is unloved, especially by Sunnis and by many Kurds.

But the Kurds are no longer the sole king makers.

Sunni and Shia Arabs were at each other's throats and both groups distrusted the Kurds.

At the same time the government has made various concessions to Kurds, including promises of citizenship for undocumented individuals.

On December 15th two Kurds died in Bulanik, in the south-east, after a shopkeeper fired on protesters.

It also has some 14m Kurds, who are Sunni Muslims but ethnically and linguistically distinct from Turks.

Ali Hassan al-Majeed was convicted for a 1988 gas attack that killed about 5000 Kurds in northern Iraq.

Azerbaijan also contains numerous smaller groups, such as Kurds, Georgians, Tatars and Ukrainians.

Yet Mr Botsali's public appearance before the Kurdish flag marks a shift in Turkey's approach to Iraq's Kurds.

But the Kurds in the north gained their own autonomous safe haven.

On the country's periphery, revolts by minorities such as the (mostly Sunni) Kurds and Baluchis smoulder on.

If the Kurds can control their pipelines, they can set the terms of their own statehood.

And the Kurds are still divided over whom to support.

He then appeared in court again, on trial for the slaughter of more than 100, 000 Kurds during the Anfal campaign in 1987 and 1988.

The Kurds for 3, 000 years have been waging a struggle for independence.

A senior politician said Kurds would elect a new parliament for their oil-rich semi-autonomous region in Iraq on 19 May.

For many years Kurds went under the derogatory label "mountain Turks" .

The Kurds have a de facto state of their own in the north.

Can the Kurds offer a tourist haven?

Scores of journalists, many of them Kurds, are in jail.

The answer from many of Turkey's restive Kurds has long been no.

In northern Syria the Kurds are also nervous about the future.

The Kurds, who number some 25 million people in the Middle East, have no country they can call their own.

Most of them are Kurds.

In Iraq's case, that is primarily Sunnis, Shiites and Kurds.

Baghdad has declared as illegal contracts negotiated with the Kurds, and in retaliation, froze out Sinopec from last year's bidding rounds.

No matter that she called for brotherhood between Turks and Kurds; she spent ten years inside.

The Kurds, after enjoying almost untrammelled autonomy for nearly two decades, increasingly loathe Mr Maliki's new establishment in Baghdad;

The Kurds have been ill-treated, but autonomy, not independence, looks sensible for now

In any event, tension is rising across the ethno- sectarian board: between Kurds and Arabs;

Construction of the Federal System and Problems of Domestic Kurds in Iraq

The Americans are trying again to keep the peace between Arabs and Kurds

the Kurds lost the support from the western countries because of the international changes;

Syria's Kurds Struggle for Rights