adnate

testa leathery, seeds fully covered by an aril and adnate to testa; embryo curved.

Achene drupaceous, straight, adnate to thinly fleshy perianth, enclosed as base or almost wholly by discoid or cup like fleshy receptacle.

Deciduous shrubs; leaves papery; aggregate fruit adnate to, rarely separating from torus at maturity, rarely hollow.

Filaments subequal, slightly shorter than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments.

Filaments subulate, slightly shorter than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments.

Labellum reflexed, adnate to filament to form a slender tube above lateral staminodes and corolla lobes.

seed scales adnate with bracts in basal, seed-bearing part, detached in apical part, sometimes thickened and exposed.

pericarp membranous or thinly papery, slightly fleshy distally, glabrous, not adnate to seed.

Corona lobes triangular, fleshy, adnate to anthers, joined laterally to form a thin tube ca. as high.

Aggregate fruit adnate to torus, falling away from base of torus at maturity, not hollow.

endocarp thinly cartilaginous, adnate to mesocarp in dehisced fruit.

monoecious. Stipules small, adnate to petiole, caducous.

Achene orange, ca. 1 mm, stipitate at base, enclosed by fleshy perianth and adnate to it.

stipules of cauline leaves broadly ovate or ovate-elliptic, free part longer than adnate part.

Perianth tubular, mostly 5-lobed, membranous, cottony, without appendages, adnate to pericarp.

pericarp membranous or slightly fleshy, adnate to seed or free, indehiscent.

stipules sometimes intrapetiolar and adnate to inside of petiole or absent.

lobes broadly ovate-triangular, obtuse to subacute, adnate to anthers.

Filaments subulate, slightly shorter than perianth segments, connate at base for ca. 1 mm and adnate to perianth segments.

Disk annular, ca. 1 mm high, fleshy, most of it adnate with ovary.

Septa, when present, adnate with hypanthium and filaments or staminodes, dividing hypanthium into 5 sacs.

Female flowers: perianth tube ovoid, adnate to ovary, lobes similar to those of males.

Aggregate fruit adnate to torus, falling from base of torus at maturity, not hollow.

Stamens much shorter than corolla, adnate to corolla for most of their length.

Lateral 2 staminodes of outer whorl petaloid, or forming small teeth at base of labellum, or adnate to labellum, or absent.

Calyx tube usually shorter than 2 cm; stamens usually exserted from calyx tube; style not adnate to inside of calyx tube.

Leaves glabrous on both surfaces or only sparsely adnate pilose.

Petals 5, free, imbricate, unequal, clawed, adnate from middle to upper part of calyx tube.

stipules adnate or inserted at petiole, rarely absent.

branchlets slender, with adnate large hairs when young, glabrescent.

Flowers usually 1 or 2 on an axillary, slender peduncle partly adnate to stem, rarely 2--4 flowers in a terminal inflorescence.

staminode needle like, adnate to center of upper corolla lip.

Style partly adnate to inside of calyx tube (in Chinese species).

Pericarp yellow-brown, glabrous, not adnate to seed.

pericarp membranous, adnate to seed.

Style not adnate to inside of calyx tube (in Chinese species).

anther ovoid. Carpels 14, free, adnate laterally to carpophore.

pericarp membranous, not adnate to seed.

Filaments adnate to base of upper corolla lip margin.

Sepals 4 or 5, imbricate, joined in basal part to form a shallow or deeper cup, free above, cup never adnate to ovary.

Petals 5 or lacking, free or adnate to base of androecium, convolutes imbricate.

Petals rose red, ovate, in 2 whorls, inner ones smaller than outer ones, adnate to calyx.

Female flowers: perianth small, cupular, 4 or 5-lobed or -toothed, adnate to base of ovary. staminodes absent.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx tube campanulate, 5-ribbed, completely adnate to ovary, 5-toothed.

Lateral staminodes red, subulate, ca. 3 mm, adnate to base of labellum.

perianth tube short, 2-lobed, adnate to ovary, persistent.

pericarp fleshy, adnate to seed.

Lower part of petals adnate to staminodial tube on disk.

staminodes (1-)3 or absent, adnate to adaxial, lower, or adaxial and abaxial sides of corolla tube.

staminodes absent or 2, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

staminodes 3 or absent, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

Stipule adnate to petiole.

Achene reddish or orange, ca. 1-1. 5 mm, enclosed by fleshy perianth and adnate to it.

Petals 3-5, short, concave, quincuncial or imbricate in bud, distinct or rarely basally connate and adnate to staminal tube.

Seed testa not adnate to endocarp.

leaflets sessile with base decurrent and adnate to rachis in apical 1 or 2 pairs, margin obtusely serrate or incised serrate.

staminodes 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube.

staminodes 3, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

staminodes (absent or)1 or 3, adnate to adaxial or adaxial and abaxial sides of corolla tube.

disk adnate to base of perianth.

pedicel short. Calyx tube adnate to ovary, 4- or 5-dentate , persistent.

Corona lobes 5, ovate, pouched, blunt, adaxially keeled, shorter than anthers and adnate to them at base.

Bracts 1--3 per inflorescence, margin basally adnate to main axis, apex with leaflike extension.

staminodes 1-3, seldom absent, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

Calyx with 1 or 2 glands partially adnate to pedicel or glandular.

anther 1-loculed, adnate to apical margin of filament.

Filaments proximally widened and adnate to perianth tube, free part incurved, 1. 5--2 mm.

staminodes 2 or 3, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

Filaments 2--2. 5 mm, connate to middle and adnate to perianth segments, entire.

Bracteoles linear, 5-9 mm, adnate to base of calyx.

Nut broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, adnate to cupule except apically, apex flat, wall 1. 5-4 mm thick and firmly woody.

Female flower subtended by large foliose, membranous bract to which pedicel is adnate;

stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts triangular, both surfaces glabrous, margin glandular-pubescent, apex acuminate;

Filaments equal, slightly shorter to slightly longer than perianth segments, connate and adnate to perianth segments, base triangular;

stipules pectinate, mostly adnate to petiole, both surfaces and margin sparsely pubescent, densely glandular-pubescent;

Female flowers subtended by a small, entire bract, adnate to bracteoles and virtually submerged in wing complex;

stipules adnate to petiole, free parts oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, margin entire or sparsely crenate and glandular, apex acuminate;

stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, both surfaces pubescent, margin glandular, apex acuminate;

stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts auriculate, margin entire, glandular-pubescent, apex acuminate;

stipules large, mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, glabrous, margin glandular serrate, apex shortly acuminate;

stipules narrow, mostly adnate to petiole, apical free parts lanceolate, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate;

stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts very short, triangular, sometimes glandular, margin entire, apex acute;

stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, glabrous, margin glandular, apex acuminate;

stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, margin entire, glandular-pubescent, apex acute;

filaments proximally adnate to perianth tube, free part filiform or flattened, short to long, smooth, papillose or hairy;

Filaments equal, equaling to slightly longer than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments;

stipules caducous, free or with base adnate to petiole, lanceolate, glandular serrate, apex acuminate;

anther connective enlarged, often elongated, the cae adnate to thickened connectives;

stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts broadly ovate, abaxially pubescent, margin glandular serrate, apex acuminate;

Filaments slightly longer than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments;

filaments filiform, smooth or verrucose, proximally adnate to perianth for most of their length;

Leaves basal; stipules adnate to petioles only at base, free part lanceolate, margin fimbriate or erose;

filaments adnate to base of limb, subulate, base broadened with ascending projections;

Filaments shorter than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments;

Capsule obconical, small, for most of its length enclosed in adnate calyx tube and persistent perianth segments, leathery, apex 2-8-valvate;

pedicel persistent, articulated below the perianth, apex with 2 pairs of decussate bracteoles adnate to the perianth;

stipules broad, mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, glabrous, apex caudate;

filaments united, forming trough-shaped sheath, adnate with petals, open on upper side;

stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts ovate, margin serrate and glandular;

filaments united in lower part, forming trough-shaped sheath open on upper side and adnate to petals;

filaments connate or distinct, adnate to base of sepals, glabrous or with pubescence;

Filaments equal, equaling or slightly longer than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments for ca. 1 mm;

Leaves alternate; stipules membranous at base, adnate to petiole;

blades brownish yellow when dry, membranous, abaxially densely irregularly and shiny hispid, adaxially sparsely adnate hispid;

Staminal tube to 4 cm, slightly exserted, base adnate to corolla tube, apical margin with linearly lacerate teeth;

Calyx and hypocarp adnate and fleshy and enclosing a few drupes;

Filaments subequal, longer than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments for ca. 1 mm;

filaments proximally adnate to perianth tube, free part short to long;

upper glume adnate to rachis, equaling lower glume, thin, acute;

Staminal tube cylindric, base adnate with corolla tube, apex distinct, margin 10-lobed;

Calyx tube hemispheric to turbinate, adnate to ovary;

Female flowers: perianth minute or absent, 2-lobed, connate at base asymmetrically to shallow cupular pocket, adnate to base of ovary;

Stamens 2, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube near middle, rarely near corolla base, included;

Stamens included; filaments adnate to lower part of corolla lobes, free parts ca. 2 mm;

Disk cup like, adnate to inside of calyx tube, free from ovary, rim lobed;

Stamens included, adnate to middle of corolla tube;

Leaves basal; stipules free or adnate to petioles only at base, brown, lanceolate, ca. 0. 5 mm, margin fimbriate, apex acuminate;

Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near base or rarely above middle, included;

Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near middle, seldom to near base, included;

Lower part of ovary adnate to disk in female flowers;

Filaments equal, slightly longer than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments for ca. 0. 6 mm;

Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near mouth, slightly exserted;

Stamens 4, adnate to corolla tube near base, rarely to or above middle, included;

Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near or above middle, included;

Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube below middle, included;

Stamens 10 to numerous, distinct or adnate to base of petals, hypogynous;

Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube above middle, exserted;

Stamens 2, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube above middle, included;

Stamens 2, adnate to above middle of abaxial side of corolla tube, included;

Stamens 4, adnate to corolla tube near base or rarely near middle, included;

Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near middle, included;

Stamens 2, inserted at corolla sinuses or filaments adnate to margin near base of upper lip and as long as lip or shorter;

Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near base, included;

Calyx tube adnate to ovary, conical;

Stamens 4, adnate to corolla tube near base or near middle, included;

filaments adnate to base of petals;

Female flowers: calyx lobes 4, ovate, pubescent, basally adnate with ovary;

Stamens included; filaments adnate nearly to middle of corolla lobes, free parts ca. 0. 5 mm;

Female flowers: perianth tube adnate to ovary, mouth contracted, apex 3- or 4-toothed;

Stamens 4, adnate to corolla tube near base, included;

Stamens 5, alternate petals and adnate at base of petals;

Filaments equal, slightly shorter than perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments for 0. 6--1 mm;

Ovary semi-inferior, only upper conic part free above adnate calyx tube, 1-loculed;

filaments adnate to middle of corolla, free parts ca. 3 mm;

Stamens 4 or 6, inserted at base of perianth segments or adnate to perianth tube;

Ovary adnate to disk at base;

Perianth tube adnate to ovary, 6-lobed;

tube of perianth 3-toothed, calyxlike, adnate to ovary;

Stamens 6 in 1 series, fully adnate to the style column to form gynostemium;

filaments adnate to base of corolla lobes, free parts 3--4 mm;

Stamens 4-100, free, fascicle, or adnate to petals;

filaments 4--5 mm, nearly free, adnate to base of corolla;

Stamens 2 or 4, adnate to corolla tube near middle, if 2 on abaxial side, included;

Ovary inferior, adnate to hypanthium, 4- or 5-loculed or more;

Ovary inferior, adnate to hypanthium, 3(or 4)-loculed;