lending to

Investors also worry that Chinese bank lending to local governments for stimulus programs could sour into bad loans in a year or two.

But neither step will do much to constrain banks swimming in deposits and lending to an economy growing, in nominal terms, by 15% a year.

The softness of her voice added to the weight of her remonstrance, by lending to the latter an air of purity and truth.

As Beijing tamps down on bank lending to address potential overheating, that number may yet turn out to be another illusion.

That was the beginning of the eurodollar markets and of large-scale lending to emerging economies.

The Bank plans to nearly double agricultural lending to Africa from US$450 million to US$800 million over the next year.

The key question of course is why did foreign lending to the U. S. pick up so much in the mid-1990s.

Meanwhile German public opinion will not countenance a generosity of lending to its partners that would put these problems to bed.

He said the lending to foreign firms was especially striking and demanded 'an extensive look. '

It has specialized in lending to domestic infrastructure projects and has been a pioneer in developing China's nascent bond markets.

Chasing growth, MFIs seem to have piled into the same villages, lending to the same people.

It would have been impossible, he insists, to conceal such massive lending to one institution within a more general liquidity provision.

The opportunity has also been used to reduce lending to the government and the financial institutions, to effect further sterilisation.

If CIT had failed, some rightly feared that lending to smaller companies might have been constrained.

Central banks used to instruct commercial banks to limit lending to a particular sector if they felt that it was overheating.

Figures from the Bank of England show that bank lending to business, except for property lending, fell in the last nine months of 2009.

About $42 billion of the U. K. banks' exposure is in the form of lending to Ireland's battered banking sector.

Mr. Weber said he is 'critical' of lowering the rate below 1%, because it could discourage banks from lending to one another.

So the idea of lending to all of them, in proportion to the size of their accumulated debts, sounds like a stupid proposition.

The subprime market deals with mortgage lending to consumers that would not qualify for loans under traditional, prudential standards.

After the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers nearly a year ago, lending to banks and companies pretty much stopped.

At some point, the market may stop lending to the US government, if it expects it to go bankrupt.

From the bank's narrow perspective, lending to middle-income countries makes eminent sense.

Yet the bank still has a role lending to unfashionable causes, or countries which donors neglect.

A securities registration and settlement agency must not use the securities of a client for hypothecation or lending to others.

And any credit-market improvements might not happen fast enough to avert a savage contraction in bank lending to nonfinancial companies.

Often they are bought by the wealthy connoisseur as investments and for the purpose of lending to a worthy, talented musician.

Lending to Thailand will take the form of a medium- term loan at market interest rates .

As recently as July, bank executives ruled out a sale but RBS is under pressure to focus resources on lending to the UK economy.

It admits that it has not sparked a rise in banks' lending to business, while spreads on bank loans are "elevated" .

After years of profligacy, banks have all but stopped lending to each other as the US Congress decides whether to extend support.

The state-owned banks had been commercialized and lending to state-owned enterprises took place exclusively under market conditions.

Meanwhile, the Bank of England will outline on Thursday how it plans to change the conditions it sets on its everyday lending to banks.

In the bond market, investors are lending to the U. S. for 10 years at less than 2%, the lowest rates since the 1940s.

Therefore, we would like to advocate that lending to these clients should remain out of the lending targets.

"The political response to rising inequality . . . was to expand lending to households, especially low-income ones. "

Engel said that banks had begun lending to wind farm developers again and that the firm had seen an increase in orders in the past month.

But while banks are lending to one another again, there is little sign they are lending much to consumers or businesses.

The bond markets have been assuming that lending to the PIGS was much the same as lending to the U. S. or Japan.

Key to that is seeing improvement in the interbank lending market in Europe, where banks have grown wary of lending to one another.

The fiscal stimulus does not come with large bank lending to support it, so the leverage effect in the U.

Bank lending to firms is still buoyant, though this partly reflects substitution for wilting capital-market finance.

An alternative would be for a new agency to take the tail risk on normal bank lending to SMEs.

Globalization, in other words, allowed China and Japan to amass the fortunes they have been lending to the United States.

A second longer-term goal is to promote lending to small businesses by purchasing blocks of their debt, packaged into securities.

Credit limits for commercial banks will also be removed to channel more lending to priority projects and rural development, it said.

The spread of computer technology and sophisticated new loan strategies slashed both the risk and cost of lending to small business owners.

A series of stimulus programs has resulted in an explosion of lending to "beauty-show projects" that have little economic viability.

By 2004, it had increased water-related lending to 18 percent of total official development assistance (ODA).

Investors are wary of lending to banks for even a few months, because of the risk that they may go bust or run out of cash.

This has led to reduced lending to households and firms and its resultant effect on consumption and investment.

This was a bank that had expertise in lending to small- and medium-sized businesses in Germany.

Lenders have gone from reckless, profitless lending to over-cautious usury, at least in some cases.

By sharing risk with banks, the facility provided the comfort banks needed to help expand lending to SMEs.

These even wish to avoid lending to one another.

However, that was a period in which constraints were mostly on the supply side, as Beijing shut off bank lending to developers.

Here's the idea they came up with: Americans themselves would start lending to small businesses, with Starbucks serving as the middleman.

Chinese commodity buyers often now have to source lending to finance shipments from more than one bank, raising their trading costs.

Banks are more interested in buying government bonds with capital injections received than in lending to the private sector.

If the fund declining to add more lending to its current plans causes market disruption, so be it.

It tracks my taps and swipes without any noticeable lag, lending to the feeling that you're actually manipulating an object.

Bond markets across Europe's vulnerable fringe sank, as the 'risk premium' investors demand for lending to Spain and Italy hit record highs.

The EFSF would take on the main risk of lending to governments struggling to borrow from normal commercial sources - governments like Italy.

The banks, looking at increasing their profitability will be attracted by lending to more credit risk weighting counterparts.

Many Japanese banks had significant exposure to the land market, through lending to the real estate sector and direct holdings of land.

But obviously the big story has been among foreign holders, whose lending to Uncle Sam has exploded over the last 20 years.

It has admonished banks to be more careful in lending to local-government backed projects.

Creditlimits for commercial banks will also be removed to channel more lending to priority projects and rural development, it said.

While it lasted, China and others were able to grow at supercharged rates by lending to Americans so that they could import its products.

What, then, will be the source of the new private capital that allows sovereign lending to be withdrawn?

The International Monetary Fund must review and approve an expected increase in its lending to Greece.

As liquidity dried up, some institutions failed and others reduced their lending to businesses and households, starving the broader economy.

Santander's business is heavily skewed towards lending to individuals and small businesses rather than to big firms.

At around $20 billion each quarter, syndicated lending to medium-sized firms is running at less than half of peak levels.

They have also become more wary of lending to Portugal and Spain, stoking fears of toppled dominoes along the euro-zone's weak perimeter.

Lending to British companies by the dominant high street banks has been declining across the board since early 2009 (see chart).

"We are also only lending to a select few ore trading companies that we are familiar with and find trustworthy. "

The growth of lending to firms other than banks has slowed materially for the first time since the credit squeeze began.

Money funds are now largely restricting their lending to overnight, preferring the safety of stashing cash in banks, one senior trader said.

The first was driven by the opening of the economy to foreign capital, the second by lending to the rising black elite over the past decade.

Some had recognised the dangers created by huge internal imbalances and irresponsible lending to peripheral countries.

It is true that banks have tightened their lending to companies, but we have not been affected given our healthy financial situation.

The government is set to outlaw credit card cheques in a major clampdown on high-risk lending to be outlined later today.

Excessive lending to finance overheated asset markets will undermine the resilience of banks in adverse market conditions.

Some of them also have rich experience in lending to (private companies), including in emerging markets.

Much of China's growth over the past decade has come from lending to the United States.

This phenomenon indicates that the liquidity of financial institutions lending to GDP ratio has shown a rising trend.

There is much domestic anger about the potential losses China may face as a result of its lending to rich Americans.

Mr. Bernanke wisely highlighted how creditors under priced lending to banks because institutions were considered too big to fail.

First, these financial institutions have to keep lending to unworthy borrowers to keep the country's current expansion on track.

First, these financial institutions have to keep lending to unworthy borrowers to keep the country's current expansion on track.

Banks have promised to keep lending to healthy firms. Dividends have been limited until capital is rebuilt.

Meanwhile, state-owned banks are following government orders to restrict lending to all but the most powerful developers.

The economic crisis is also likely to reduce agricultural investment and productivity as banks cut lending to small farmers.

A quick recovery in lending to small businesses, the main drivers of job creation in most countries, would also help.

He is setting up a bank (tentatively named the "Cambridge Boring Bank" ) which will focus on lending to small firms in the area.

Kiva is a nonprofit that facilitates micro-lending to entrepreneurs across the world.

Their creditors would naturally believe they were lending to governments.

First, the government needs to order banks to stop lending to all new or newly started investment projects undertaken by local entities.

If banks choose to sacrifice foreign lending to concentrate on business at home, it could choke the supply of credit.

If banks choose to sacrifice foreign lending to concentrate on business at home, it could choke the supply of credit.

Bank lending to companies is also contracting, although bond markets have taken up some of the slack.

But northerners are also guilty of hypocrisy: it was German and French banks that led the way in lending to Greece or Spain.

Anything to do with lending to consumers or companies, by JPMorgan's own admission, looks grim indeed.

The amount of money parked at the European Central Bank (ECB) has risen to 15-month highs as banks hold back from lending to each other.

The cash calls come as Beijing tries to limit new lending to the white-hot property market and the investment vehicles of local governments.

The European Central Bank and the Bundesbank have opposed the principle of eurozone central banks lending to the eurozone via the IMF.

Overall, European banks appear to be growing increasingly wary of lending to each other, even on a short-term basis.

Trust companies are broadly subject to the same restrictions on lending to property developers as banks are.

Rational creditors would then charge a premium for lending to higher-risk operations, leading to lower levels of leverage.

And as the institutions grew fearful about one another's solvency, they stopped lending to each other.

The central bank relies on adjusting reserve requirements and limits on bank lending to implement monetary policy.

REELING from billions of dollars of loan losses, banks have started to sell assets and rein in lending to keep their capital from eroding.

Some banks recently have been reining in some cross-border lending to companies in countries like Spain and Italy, bank officials say.

If inflation subsides, China can continue to muddle along, allowing just enough lending to sustain strong growth.

Originally, China's private banks filled the shortfall left by state banks, lending to the country's dynamic, but cash-hungry SMEs.

They have already done the first: easing the rules on foreign lending to India, to try to attract short-term funds.

But the non-performing loans may come to constitute a drain on banks' resources that inhibits lending to more productive borrowers.

A flow of new orders to suppliers could encourage banks to start lending to them more freely.

That model broke down because markets were fairly efficient; the margins on lending to corporations became too low.

Lately, too, China's central government has put tighter limits on state-owned banks' lending to municipalities.

Nearly all are urging governments to provide them with the cash to allow them to carry on lending to customers.

depot bill and pledge more difficult to adapt to the current corporate finance, bank lending to the difficult market situation.

Mr Guo reckons that lending to consumers and small firms could rise to 40% of CCB's loan book within five years, from about a quarter today.

Politically, they will also be keen to stimulate lending to domestic business.

What the vulnerable countries shared was reliance on foreign lending, to finance either private or government deficits (see chart).

What's worse, capital-strapped banks tend to pull back on lending to businesses and consumers, slowing growth further.

A large part of the proceeds is instead saved and recycled into lending to rich western countries.

In the wake of Mexico's default, most commercial banks reduced significantly or halted new lending to Latin America.

Spain's residential-mortgage standards were fine, but the same could not be said of banks' lending to developers.

State-owned banks in India have increased their share of lending to 74% of the country's total (excluding the regional rural banks).

Lending to subprime borrowers was overdone with the true risk apparently invisible.

The instruments could include some credit card debts, unsecured loans and lending to companies.

Finance is handled by Banco Azteca, a Salinas company which specialises in lending to people with low incomes.

If lending to the real estate sector, which accounts for another 20 per cent of loans, turns sour, banks could be in even bigger trouble.

Berger, Rosen, and Udell (2001) studied the relationship between lending to SMEs and banks' share of the local loan market.

Berlin is likely to demand tougher conditions for lending to poorer members.

Since the Fed isn't lending to banks directly, the risk is tiny.

The central government is already ordering banks to slow lending to local investment vehicles.

The most important of these block foreign aid and lending to Myanmar by the World Bank, IMF and Asian Development Bank.

High LIBOR rates will persist, says Mr Bond, until money-market investors are lured back into lending to banks.

Beijing has been tightening its grip on lending to try to keep inflation under wraps.

The declines are largely being attributed to the reduction in lending to speculators.

Others will thump lecterns and call for banks to return to their "proper function" of low-risk lending to business.

In practice, this was social policy: it meant more lending to poor people.

"Without proper access to credit-bureau data, lending to individuals is something we need to manage very carefully, " says Ms Ip.

Lending to developers is more problematic. Many are suffering acute cash flow strains and their stock prices are in free fall.

Ideally, commercial banks need to get into the business of long-term lending to companies.

Japanese official figures show little evidence of large net lending to foreigners.

This has prompted speculation that China's banks might curtail lending to prevent another unsustainable market bubble.

The salient characteristic of lending to sovereigns is the absence of collateral.

The growth in corporate lending contrasts with the decline in lending to consumers.

China's government may use more currency gains and curbs on bank lending to restrain price increases.

The regulators can control lending to the corporations, but there's not much they can do once the corporations have the money.

Buy-out firms complained that banks which were supposedly advising or lending to them sometimes snatched deals from under their noses.

It is keeping its distance for fear of dirtying itself by lending to governments and, perhaps, stoking inflation.

Another area of concern is the boom in lending to the funding vehicles of local governments.

Central-bank lending to government serves a valuable, though risky, purpose.

Banks lending to these entities class the outlays as 'enterprise loans. '

But with big projects off-limits, lesser banks have bumped up lending to smaller, riskier firms.

Earlier this week the Chinese banking regulator said it would ease tough capital rules on bank lending to smaller businesses.

But there remains the problem of supposedly inadequate bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses.

Authorities are also arm-twisting banks to keep lending to domestic industries.

The battered capital ratios must be boosted so that lending to the wider economy picks up.

The president will announce a new plan that will make lending to small businesses more attractive.

And, therefore, you're either not lending to them or lending under such onerous terms that the economy can't get any liftoff.

It says the aim is to guarantee responsible lending to poor borrowers.

Why would lending to households and business be good, but securitising those loans bad?

But the party ended as banks virtually stopped lending to leveraged buy-outs.

France, Germany, Italy and Japan have reduced export credits and lending to Tehran.

Coordinated lending to European banks wasn't among their suggestions.

It also did away with loan quotas for local banks to encourage further lending to spur the economy.

If the aim is to sustain lending to the housing market, it will, again, work.

It is shutting off lending to land developers and has raised bank reserve requirements five times this year.

Washington wants America's banks to start lending to boost an economy weighted 71% to personal consumption.

Many people blame irresponsible lending to people with risky credit histories for the current subprime mortgage crisis.

It eliminated lending to Greek banks, and cut volumes in Spain and Ireland by about two-thirds.

Banks' capital underpins either lending to the real economy or low-yielding assets to support liquidity.

Build-up of debt by lending to homebuyers and property developers is pivotal, as the US proved in 2008.

Markets stopped lending to Greece, then Ireland, then Portugal.

This would hit lending to riskier borrowers such as small businesses and consumers with less than perfect credit.

The Treasury launched the program in 2008 when emergency Fed lending to banks exploded as financial markets froze.

However, demand to borrow gold has fallen sharply in the past decade, driving interest rates on gold lending to record lows.

Sceptics note that a large chunk of the increase is accounted for by short-term bills rather than new lending to finance spending.

First, bank lending to companies has fallen dramatically.

in reality some were only meeting the targets by lending to subsidiaries of Toyota.

It has seen its role as lending to smaller economies.

One senior policy adviser to the Chinese government suggested that direct lending to Europe would have more impact.

The banks insist, of course, they are still lending to good businesses and solvent households.

Yet stopping lending to Greece and precipitating a default now is also deeply unpalatable.

Bank lending to small business is at its lowest since 2008.

Yet evidence abounds that banks are still gun-shy ' about lending to business.

In any case, it is difficult to expand without financing, and Chinese state capitalism is terrible at lending to private businesses.

Within three years we want lending to fully return to normal [pre-crisis levels].

Last month the People's Bank of China directed Chinese banks to stop lending to energy- intensive industries, according to the China Daily.

China Development Bank began lending to local governments against land sales revenues in 2004.

Lending to small businesses has grown slightly faster.

The government announced last week its loan guarantee scheme to encourage fresh lending to small and medium-sized businesses.

They also pledged to increase their lending to businesses.

We will expand open market operations and increase central bank lending to small and medium-sized banks.

It has lost 300m euro by lending to clients invested with Mr Madoff.

This is because banks are wary of lending to smaller businesses that lack official support, and often cannot offer much collateral.

Banks were told to curtail lending to the property sector.

Bank lending to the private sector has fallen for two months.

In addition to that, the government has set high targets for commercial lending to support businesses.

As 42 per cent of lending to developers is by local governments, bankruptcies would hurt them.

These include directives to the state banks to limit lending to targeted sectors, such as steel, cement, aluminium and real estate.

Second, the EU treaty bans ECB lending to governments.

Investors are dumping the banks' shares, and the banks are growing nervous about lending to each other.

The firm promised investors a 12 per cent return in 90 days, claiming to make money by lending to government contractors.

In the year to September bank lending to British households rose by only 0. 9%. Mortgage lending fell.

Earlier this year, the government ordered state-owned banks to step up lending to service-sector companies.

The Chinese government is encouraging banks to raise their corporate lending to stoke the economy.

BNSHK will focus its activities on lending to local and regional customers.

Over-all bank lending to firms and households remains below the level it reached in 2008.

Investment banks also earn a big slug of their income from lending to, and trading for, hedge funds.

Banks should be lending to people like us.

Bank lending to firms and households has expanded by 30% over the past year.

Informally, banks have been urged to scale back lending to some developers.

As Xiao says, lending to SMEs is more risky than lending to state-backed entities.

In 2007 and 2008, unscrupulous lending to borrowers with poor credit was blamed for most foreclosures.

If investors expect that to persist, they will stop lending to Italy.

In the year to January, lending to households grew at an annual rate of 9. 4%, the fastest since 2000.

The government is using fiscal stimulus and bank lending to support economic recovery.

IBRD's lending to middle-income countries was at the highest level in seven years at $14. 2 billion.

If lending to Russia doesn't make you nervous, someone needs to check your pulse.

In fact most lending to SMEs is from Banks. VC is a tiny proportion.

The World Bank promises to step up lending to Central America too.

But the government should then leave lending to the banks and supervision to regulators.

Fear of insolvency is the reason why banks are scared of lending to each other.

So they may cut their lending to companies.

Administrative measures to tamp down lending to overheated sectors such as real estate were also enacted.

Lending to the private sector slowed to 1. 8% in the year to May, an all-time low.

In 1933, Canada's banks threatened to suspend lending to Newfoundland because of concern about its creditworthiness.

We will keep adding new software to our software library for lending to participants.

"I also think that foreign banks will switch more of their focus to lending to local companies, " she adds.

Anyone involved in investment projects or lending to local governments in China should pay heed.

Banks have wanted to continue lending to such industries because they have remained highly profitable for the most part.

The banks have even grown cagey about lending to each other.

One objection is that creditors may be ill-informed about the risks being run by banks they are lending to.

86%: Increase in foreign banks' lending to China in 2010.

As a result, the 12 commercial banks in the country were "generally leary of lending to royals. "

What I want to point out is that capital would become less of a constraint for lending to SMEs under the revised capital framework.

Banks were growing very wary of lending to each other.

Bank lending to businesses in the euro zone fell by 1. 2% year-on-year in October.

Its lending to small businesses is up more than 40% in 2010.

The World Bank reiterated its call for more capital so that it can increase lending to developing nations next year.

Banks became wary of lending to each other.

They will never be blamed for lending to these giant enterprises; indeed, that is what they are supposed to do.

Banks are expected to scale back lending to roughly 7. 5 trillion yuan in 2010.