land surface

Since the top of the clouds are usually colder than the land surface and the sea surface, clouds will appear bright in the image.

Although the different models predict different details, they agree that the fire risk will change for about a quarter of the land surface.

About 12 percent of Earth's land surface is now used for crops. Some of the consequences are difficult to predict.

Water on the land surface appears in shades of dull green, and a temporary river runs north-south through the image.

When a hurricane moves off the ocean and travels inland, friction between the rough land surface and the winds finally slows the storm down.

Land surface temperature( LST ) retrieval has been a key issue in the thermal infrared remote sensing research area.

These three factors can be combined to allow a fire "niche" to be mapped across the Earth's land surface.

How retrieved the Land surface and humidity, that there are much work which National and foreign researchers have done.

The soil water and the land surface evaporation decreased with temperature rising and increased with precipitation increasing.

Land surface temperature is one of important parameters in meterological and ecological research field.

Spanning more than 100 kilometers, the plume is thick enough to completely hide the land surface below.

Land surface emissivity and atmospheric transmittance are the two key parameters which are used to retrieve LST.

However, when this approach is applied to retrieving land surface temperature (LST), large error can be caused.

When minerals are extracted from land surface mines, grasses and trees must be removed, causing erosion of the bare earth.

Land surface emissivity (LSE) is an essential parameter for land surface temperature (LST) retrieval from thermal remote sensing data.

sweeps the floor just is work of my land surface, my truly identity is monk of a research.

Inside the saltpan, the land surface is uneven. Areas shaped like sloppy teardrops rise above the surrounding plain.

Obtaining a rea-sonable description of these hydrological processes is one key problem for land surface studies.

North of the river, the land surface consists primarily of gravel plains punctuated by rocky hills.

After a rain part of the water seeps into these openings and percolates beneath the land surface.

Satellites can provide almost immediate estimates of changing rainfall, land surface temperature and vegetation condition.

Instead, they have formed deposits of coal, natural gas and oil, often located far beneath the land surface or the sea-bed.

The Role of the Land Surface Background State in Climate Predictability.

To achieve the TanDEM level of detail on all 150 million sq km of the Earth's land surface will require three years of operation.

It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth's land surface is threatened by this process.

Last month's global average land surface temperature was the fourth warmest on record.

Uplift of the groundwork and land surface in high pressure jet grouting is a commonplace in engineering constructions.

One obvious impact is the radical alteration of the land surface.

Brightness temperature and land surface temperature are extracted from ASTER data set, and their difference is analyzed.

Although volcanic soils cover just one percent of the Earth's land surface, they support roughly 10 percent of its population.

Oil sands that are buried more than 80 meters below the land surface are retrieved through in situ wells.

The conclusions show that it is a new approach to quickly estimate and acquire high resolution land surface temperature.

Of course, this density is reached only if human beings are confined to the land surface of the world.

Effect of soil conservation forest depends on land surface cover of dead leave and soil condition.

The natural features of a land surface unaltered by human beings.

Daily and weekly maps of land surface temperature anomalies (both day and night) are also available on the NEO Website.

A Local Forecast of Land Surface Wetness Conditions Derived from Seasonal Climate Predictions.

It may be supposed that originally the earth's land surface was composed of rock only.

They do not preempt the land surface that is useful for other purposes.

In both images, white clouds cast their shadows onto the land surface below.

That indicates the high sensibility of land surface hydrology and the instability of land-atmosphere interaction.

Ground water is the water that saturates the pores and cracks in soil and rock beneath the land surface .

Global livestock grazing and feed production use "30 percent of the land surface of the planet. "

We use the rare isotope Beryllium-10, which develops in the land surface via cosmic radiation.

Gas field exploitation will destroy strata, cause land surface subsidence and even induce earthquake disaster.

They may only cover 5 per cent of the world's land surface, but they emit three quarters of its greenhouse gases.

Development of a Land Surface Model. Part II: Data Assimilation.

Information from NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites also revealed the dam's effect on land surface temperatures.

Pharand claims three per cent of the planet's land surface is under tarmac - an area the size of India.

As the World Bank observed in its 2009 World Development Report, half the world's GDP is produced on 1. 5 percent of its land surface.

The Rhne-Aggregation Land Surface Scheme Intercomparison Project: An Overview.

Those land surface fluxes have dramatic variations in daytime.

Soil moisture is a highly variable component in land surface hydrology, but it is difficult to gain.

The velocity of land surface change on north of seacoast(Lianyungang sea coast) in Jiangshu province is small.

A nearly flat land surface representing an advanced stage of erosion.

The development of the remote sensing technology provided a new method to estimate land surface evapotranspiration for the large areas.

This series of maps of land surface temperature anomalies for Northern Hemisphere winter 2009-2010 is a case in point.

Incomparison, the entire land surface of the planet, from Poles to Equator, ishome to only about a dozen phyla.

This is happening even though the amount of the Earth's land surface designated as protected has now increased to around 12 per cent.

Globally, forests now cover about 31% of the Earth's land surface.

This work in this paper has laid a good foundation for the application of the MODIS land surface production in some fields.

A previously published image of land surface temperatures shows extreme heat in the drought region at the same time.

The livestock sector now uses 30 percent of the Earth's land surface.

Fieldwork has been done in order to learn how the land surface change influences the thermal regime in permafrost regions.

The assessment will cover the whole land surface of the Earth with about 9000 samples.

Drained peat occupies 0. 3% of the world's land surface, but is responsible for 6% of man-made CO2 emissions.

Cleared to land, surface wind 360, 18 knots steady.

the world's largest land surface height difference - Mount Everest (8844. 43) and Aydingkol (1 155 meters).

Based on MODIS images, 7 kinds of split-window algorithms were chosen to retrieve Land Surface Temperature(LST) in Qilian Mr.

However, traditional cadastres are based on the land surface rights and can not meet the actual needs, and then 3D cadastre is necessary.

Architecture Design of the System of Simulation and Appraisals of the Compositive Influence of Sea Level-Land Surface's Up and Down Changing

Land Surface Hydrology Parameterization over Heterogeneous Surface for the Study of Regional Mean Runoff Ratio with Its Simulations

Temporal-Spatial Changes of the Land Surface, Moho and Tectonic Stress Field during Subduction of the Sulu HP-UHP Metamorphic Belt

A Numerical Study of Effects of Land-Surface Heterogeneity in Temperature and Moisture from "Combined Approach" on Summer Monsoon Climate

Impact of a physically based soil water flow and soil-plant interaction representation for modeling large-scale land surface processes

Review of the Project of Quantitative Remote Sensing of Major Factors for Spatial-Temporal Heterogeneity on the Land Surface

The contribution of the land surface energy balance complexity to differences in means, variances and extremes using the AMIP-II methodology

Observations of synoptic-scale land surface variability and its coupling with the atmosphere

A Study of Soil Water and Land Surface Evaporation and Climate on Loess Plateau in the Eastern Gansu Province

The role of land surface processes in regional climate change: a case study of future land cover change over south western Australia

Modifications of a land surface scheme for improved simulation of ground freeze-thaw in northern environments

Analysis of process controls in land surface hydrological cycle over the continental United States

A Parameterization of Groundwater Table in a Land Surface Model and Its Applications

Coupling of Enhanced Land Surface Hydrology with Atmospheric Mesoscale Model and Its Implement in Heihe River Basin

Remote Sensing Parameterization of Land Surface Heat Fluxes over the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River

Validation of A One-Dimensional Snow-Land Surface Model at the Sleepers River Watershed

A Modified Land Surface Temperature Split Window Retrieval Algorithm and Its Applications Over China

Simulation of the Land Surface Processes in the Western Tibetan Plateau in Summer

Impacts of data length on optimal parameter and uncertainty estimation of a land surface model

Sensitivity Tests of Interaction between Land Surface Physical Process and Atmosphere Boundary Layer on the Underlying Desert Surface

Retrieving of land surface parameters over the Tibetan Plateau with passive microwave remote sensing

Sensitivity Tests of Interaction between Land Surface Physical Process and Atmosphere Boundary Layer on the Underlying Desert Surface

Wavelet analysis of thermal infrared radiation of land surface and its implication in the study of current tectonic activities

Simulation of the Impact of Improvement of Land Surface Process Parameterization in Arid Region on Regional Climate in East Asia

Study of Land-Surface Processes Parameterizations Model

Time Series Analysis and Temporal Scale Effect Study of Land Surface Temperature

Mesoscale modelling of interactions between rainfall and the land surface in West Africa

Influences of biomass heat and biochemical energy storages on the land surface fluxes and radiative temperature

Estimating Subpixel Surface Temperature Coupling Retrieval Land Surface Parameters with GA-SOFM Neural Network

Global assimilation of satellite surface soil moisture retrievals into the NASA Catchment land surface model

A GCM-based assessment of the global moisture budget and the role of land-surface moisture reservoirs in processing precipitation

Influence of a complex land surface scheme on Arctic climate simulations

Calibration of a land-surface model using data from primary forest sites in Amazonia

The relationship between land surface albedo and land use type--A case study of Qaidam Basin

Observation and Study of Land Surface Parameters over Gobi in Typical Arid Region

Laboratory experiment and fuzzy nearness degree analysis of runoff hydrodynamic erosion factors on slope land surface

Impact of agricultural practice on regional climate in a coupled land surface mesoscale model

Soil Erosion Information Entropy: A Comprehensive Measure Index and Simulation Tool for Land Surface Erodibility

Advances in the Coupling Study of Hydrological Models and Land-Surface Models

Coupling of a Land Surface Model with Regional and General Climate Models

All-weather Applicable Methodology to Retrieve Land Surface Temperature for Cold Disaster Monitoring

Modeling land-surface characteristics under precipitation in a typical arid region of China

Study on the Regional Land Surface Heat Fluxes over Heterogeneous Landscape of the Tibetan Plateau Area

ISIS; International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project;

Land surface climatology from satellite observations in support of modeling applications

Impact of observed vegetation root distribution on seasonal global simulations of land surface processes

Sensible heat flux estimated from one-level air temperature near the land surface

Land surface influences on the West African summer monsoon: Implications for synoptic disturbances

A Retrieval Model of Land Surface Temperature With ASTER Data and Its Application Study

Case Analyses and Numerical Simulation of Soil Thermal Impacts on Land Surface Energy Budget Based on an Off-Line Land Surface Model

Parameter sensitivity analysis for different complexity land surface models using multicriteria methods

Large-Eddy Simulation of Atmosphere Boundary Layer over Heterogeneous Land Surface in Oasis Area of Heihe River Basin

Progress in study of retrieving land surface temperature by using ASTER data

Preliminary Study on Surface Energy Flux over Heterogeneous Land Surface in Subtropics Red Earth Hilly Region

Synchronous Measurement of Land Surface Processes in Typical Vegetation Landscape Zones in the Hei River Basin

Seasonal Variation on Land Surface Energy Budget and Energy Balance Components in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Progress in Land Surface Temperature Retrieval from Passive Microwave Remotely Sensed Data

Summer Land-surface Radiation Characteristic over Longzhong Region of Loess Plateau, China

Modeled response of the Australian monsoon to changes in land surface temperatures

Two-dimensional synthetic aperture images over a land surface scene

A Study of Streamflow Simulations Using A Land Surface Model

Retrieval of Land Surface Temperature of Shandong Peninsula Using MODIS Image and Split Window Algorithm

Spatial Distribution of Land Surface Temperature Retrieved from MODIS data in Shaanxi Province

Validation of the NOAH-OSU land surface model using surface flux measurements in Oklahoma

Comparison and application for different split window algorithm of retrieving land surface temperature

Sea Surface Temperature, Land Surface Temperature and the Summer Rainfall Anomalies over Eastern China

Climate sensitivity to tropical land surface changes with coupled versus prescribed SSTs

A Remote Sensing Based Land Surface Evapotranspiration Model for the West of Jilin Province

Introduction of a sub-grid hydrology in the ISBA land surface model

Eta model estimated land surface processes and the hydrologic cycle of the Mississippi basin

The Simulation and Validation of the Land Surface Water Cycle Based on Remote Sensing Data

Evaluation of surface water fluxes of the pan-Arctic land region with a land surface model and ERA-40 reanalysis

Satellite Remote Sensing Parameterization of Regional Land Surface Heat Fluxes over Heterogeneous Surface of Arid and Semi-Arid Areas

The Disturbance Effect of Construction Projects on Land Surface Stability and Rehabilitation Strategy in Gurbantunggut Desert

The Determination of the Aero Dynamical Parameters over Urban Land Surface

Summary on Retrieval of Land Surface Temperature Using Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing

A Four-Channel Algorithm for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity from ASTER Data

Numerical Simulation Research of Land Surface Process in the Region between Cropland and Pasture

Methods and examples for remote sensing data assimilation in land surface process modeling

Retrieval of land surface parameters in the Sahel from ERS wind scatterometer data: a "brute force" method

Construction technique and measures of large area land surface against cracking

Retrieval of land surface temperature using MODIS data in northwestern liaoning

Exploring the relationship between complexity and performance in a land surface model using the multicriteria method

The Spatiotemporal Distribution of Land Surface Features in the Tibetan Plateau

Aerosol optical depth and land surface reflectance from multiangle AATSR measurements: global validation and intersensor comparisons

Study on Land Surface Parameters over Inhomogeneous Landscape of Dunhuang Area by Using Satellite Data

Research Progress on Interaction between Development of Land Surface System and Climate Change and Human Activity

Retrieval of Atmospheric Profiles and Land Surface Parameters from MODIS Data

Research on Fractal-based Urban Land Surface Temperatures and Vegetation

An NN Algorithm for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity from MODIS Data

Retrieving land surface temperature from MODIS data by using radiance transfer equation

Modeling of Impacts of Vegetation Coverage Change on Land Surface Conditions

Remote Sensing Parameterization of Land Surface Heat Fluxes over Arid and Semi-arid Areas

Subsidence Survey and Analysis of Peripheral Buildings and Land Surface

Images were taken every eight days to reveal land surface that might otherwise be obscured by cloud

A Split-window Algorithm for Retrieving Land-Surface Temperature from ASTER Data

Actualities and Development Trends of The Study on Land Surface Temperature Retrieving from Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing

The Sensitivity of Land Surface Model to Physical Properties of Different Soils

On the representation of land surface fluxes for atmospheric modeling

Discussion on the Problems on Land Surface Albedo Retrieval by Remote Sensing Data

Prognostic canopy air space solutions for land surface exchanges

Effects of land surface temperature on supervising the existing area of snails

The Estimation of Land Surface Emissivity for Landsat TM Thermal Infrared Band

A Nonlinear Iterative Method for Retrieving Land Surface Temperature by Using MODIS Data

Sensitivity of land surface model to the initial condition of soil moisture

Primary Analysis of Global Land Surface Precipitation

Retrieval of Land Surface Component Temperature

Land surface temperature retrieved from MODIS data in Hubei Province

Influence of Land Cover Change on Land Surface Temperature in Zhujiang Delta

Land surface processes and their better representation in GCM

An Experiment on the Northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Land Surface Model

Status quo of studying parametrization of land surface process

A Review of Researches on Remote Sensing of Land Surface Evapotranspiration

A Preliminary Study on Land-Surface Albedo in Northern Tibetan Plateau

Adjacency Effect of Satellite Remote Sensing on Land Surface Studies

Development of a Land Surface Model in the Climate System

Model of Dynamic Land Surface Feature for Energy Exchange of Land Surface

A Land-Surface Processes Coupling Model and Radiation in High Cold Meadow

Review of Land Atmosphere Interaction and Land Surface Model Studies

Infiltration recharge from land surface

Filtering Noise Related to Land Surface through Depth Extrapolation of Seismic Wave Field

A review on research of land surface water and heat fluxes

Analysis and control on subsidence of land surface in Changzhou city

Analysis on the Genesis and Failure Deformation Rule of Land Surface Collapse in Yangjiaping Area

Review of Land-Surface Hydrological Process Studies

The Effect of Improved Land Surface Process Parameters in Arid Area on Climatic Simulation in GCM

Time Series Analysis of Land Surface Temperature

Study on Hydrological Mode on Land Surface Processes

The Relief Degree of Land Surface in China and Its Correlation with Population Distribution

Estimation and validation of land surface broadband albedos and leaf area index from EO-1 ALI data

Land Cover, Rainfall and Land-Surface Albedo in West Africa

Advances in Research on Land Surface Processes

Research on land surface temperature retrieval algorithm based on remote sensing data

Large scale digitized land mapping to land surface

Land surface area and building surface area needed

Method for retrieving temperature on non-uniformity land surface based on remote sensing data

Urban Land Surface Temperature Retrieval Based on Landsat TM Remote Sensing Images in Beijing

The Simulation and Analysis of Land-Surface Processeson the Typical Arid Area

The effect of soil hydraulic properties vs. Soil texture in land surface models

Toward a South America Land Data Assimilation System: Aspects of land surface model spin-up using the Simplified Simple Biosphere

Processes of Water Transfer over Land Surface in Arid and Semi - Arid Region of China

Study on Land Surface Evapotranspiration Based on Remote Sensing Data on Longxi Loess Plateau of China

Towards a benchmark for land surface models

An improved algorithm to retrieve land surface temperature by GMS 5 data

Advance in Land Surface Process Study

Research of Effect of Groundwater on Land Surface Process Based on Data Mining

Research on the Retrieving of Land Surface Temperature Based on RS

Review of the study on land surface process in soil freezing and thawing

Parameterization of Land Surface Processes to Study Boundary Layer Characteristics over a Semiarid Region in Northwest India

Integration of land surface temperature and vegetation index to study land cover changes