imbalance

Still, the problem of global imbalances has at least as much to do with incentives as with exchange rates.

The politicians who planned the euro generally did not think about future current account imbalances or other economic problems.

Yet I find it hard to believe that we are about to see a dollar collapse and an over- abrupt adjustment of global imbalances.

Thus, the question of imbalances within the eurozone is inescapable, however much Germany may wish to resist such a discussion.

This is a serious risk in the Baltics, but elsewhere most economies do not display the same sort of financial imbalances.

In so far as they show up in current accounts, imbalances have actually moderated post-crisis.

"Global imbalances" have been seen as a threat for so long that it's tempting to conclude that the world economy is, in fact, in harmony.

But, by acknowledging that the US is equally responsible for the world's economic imbalances, he made his case without upsetting his hosts.

A plan for dealing with budget imbalances "has to be put in place" as the new administration and Congress craft a stimulus plan, he said.

Second, the higher imbalances themselves could sow the seeds of a new financial crisis just as they helped sow the seeds of the last crisis.

The EU "is correcting its internal imbalances, " he said. "We expect that other G-20 members correct their external imbalances as well. "

Academic economists usually treat imbalances not as a problem but rather as an easy measure of the extent to which the world was globalised.

Structural supply and demand imbalances and a misallocation of capital on a global scale mean high volatility in commodity markets, he said.

No doubt Chinese currency manipulation has contributed at least partly to global imbalances.

It would be wrong of most countries to believe that they can focus on this as if it is the only reason why we have imbalances.

Needless to say, that did not happen, and as the recovery took hold last year, so the imbalances began to open up again.

It is all too clear that the global economic imbalances that laid the foundation for the recent recession are still present.

Apart from the bank tax, the general discussion of the world economy will focus on resolving global imbalances, and on currencies.

Until an unbalanced world faces up to its chronic imbalances, successive crises are likely to be increasingly destabilising.

THERE was a time not so long ago when European policymakers believed trade imbalances were only a problem for America and China.

But he said "near- term challenges must not be allowed to hinder timely consideration of the steps needed to address fiscal imbalances" .

Imbalances were a problem for another day. All that mattered then was the post-crisis fix.

Critics who advocate yuan appreciation in and of itself as a mechanism to reduce trade imbalances are sure to be disappointed.

Such a stimulus program coupled with a gradual appreciation of the renminbi would go a long way toward correcting the prevailing imbalances.

Such a discussion of internal eurozone demand and imbalances is not one German policymakers wish to have.

And this suggests the possibility of the US dollar at least becoming less popular as a reserve currency if the imbalances persist.

Many analysts have urged China to cut down on its exports as a way of correcting the current global imbalances.

When it comes to global economic imbalances, Germany, with its massive trade surplus, is often seen as one of the worst offenders.

And, since the beginning of the crisis, dealing with global imbalances has gone down the priority list.

Addressing global economic imbalances cannot be code for a discussion between America and China, in which European countries are bystanders.

Banks have "not been properly recapitalized" and "underlying imbalances have not been corrected, " he said.

Hopes that they might have been shocked into tackling the root causes of global economic imbalances are fading.

These areas are infused with a fresh, vital force capable of checking imbalances in the body systems.

As they note, trade imbalances, both China's surplus and America's deficit, have recently been much smaller than they were a few years ago.

"China is hearing more from the rest of the world about imbalances and about their currency frankly, " he said.

Thus the growth in US household indebtedness that led to today's "credit crunch" is a direct result of the global imbalances.

In the short term, at least, the crisis also marked a reversal of the "global imbalances" , as the WEO update notes.

The reason why some experts suppose otherwise can be summed up in the words "international imbalances" .

The numbers "suggest that global imbalances are worsening again, after earlier improvement, " he said.

As if to prove the sceptics right, the crisis itself was not triggered by global imbalances.

of course, the fluids can provide energy for you and prevent you front electrolytic imbalances after operation.

Yet it now looks as though international imbalances are a sign of tension and conflict rather than a cause for celebration.

As for tackling trade imbalances, if there was an easy solution, policy makers would have found it by now.

Determined optimists may at least hope Tokyo will have steeled determination to deal with global imbalances at the G20 summit in Seoul.

After a few years of such imbalances, the country unsurprisingly ended up with far too many houses.

Prominence of imbalances of interest conflicts of interest are a serious threat to the universalization of a harmonious society.

Finally, it might be that global imbalances should best be viewed not as a bilateral (US-China) problem but instead a multilateral one.

As we progress through this decade, further growth will reverse the global imbalances that lie at the heart of the current currency debate.

We also addressed the AoE scoring exploits, a few other scoring imbalances, and made minor tweaks that should reduce stalemates.

These petrodollars, as they used to be called, create what are now called global imbalances.

Good times were not used to stabilise budgets. Macroeconomic imbalances were allowed to accumulate.

ADDRESSING global imbalances should certainly be the top global policy priority, but it is not going to be easy.

The US contribution to global economic imbalances is at least as great.

The main point is that global imbalances would not have become so extreme if global finance had not provided exotic new instruments.

Just like the eurozone, the global economy suffers from internal imbalances and an inability to take collective action.

It is, after all, easy to blame trade imbalances on the evil exchange rate machinations of others.

And, while market mechanisms have sprung up to cope with imbalances, these markets are sometimes distorted by government subsidy.

Some imbalances seem to be persistent though.

Hedge funds and other large investors must also be closely monitored to ensure that they do not build up dangerous imbalances.

"When you take it up to heads of state and government, the imbalances are accentuated. "

But while these two shifts are necessary to reduce global imbalances, they are not enough. For that, exchange rates must also adjust.

Such an order will need to recognise that the financial crisis cannot be unwound without addressing global trade imbalances.

Over the long run, many economists say the structural imbalances on both sides of the Chinese-American debt symbiosis could be disastrous.

By contrast, imbalances have been a recurrent theme of Barack Obama's.

Still, many economists would like to see the deficit shrink again, arguing global imbalances contributed to the latest crisis.

One reason is that it was a bit-part player in the system of global imbalances that precipitated the slump.

The story of official flows is essentially about the global imbalances that are at the heart of the financial crisis.

More importantly, the current account gap is only one facet of our internal and external imbalances.

Some are still concerned that the unwinding of imbalances might be disorderly, leading to swift exchange-rate moves.

We understand the American concerns over the trade imbalances, the protection of the intellectual property rights and market access.

Optimize business processes by looking at bottlenecks and workload imbalances before any changes are actually made to processes or services.

Global imbalances lie at the heart of the current recession; failure to address them will abort recovery and lead to currency wars.

When you are holding on to such a convenient narrative, you do not want to answer awkward questions about imbalances.

To address global imbalances, at least four questions need to be answered.

Or change could come through a slowdown in world trade and a correction of international imbalances.

Yet it would be difficult to know what Britain's position towards China is on the key question of global imbalances.

Although China has agreed to take steps to reduce global imbalances and its trade surplus, it is reluctant to let its currency rise.

But currency adjustments must be part of an internationally coordinated plan to reduce global imbalances.

These cannot be shrunk without resolving the overindebtedness of damaged private sectors, reducing external imbalances, or both.

And by reducing the need for countries to set aside foreign exchange reserves, it would also facilitate some reduction in global imbalances.

Still, he warned that trade imbalances between the U. S. and China are 'politically unsustainable. '

In such a world, economic commentators would no longer bang on about global imbalances and would have to find a different subject.

Now deficit spending must go up, banks must be re-regulated, trade imbalances must be reduced and manufacturing can no longer be scorned.

However, the huge imbalances would not be resolved merely by a decline in the value of the US dollar.

After the Bretton Woods system collapsed in 1971, trade imbalances ceased to be much of a constraint on the developed world.

At least one of China's economic imbalances is narrowing.

If anything, it's a symptom of the deep imbalances that lie at the heart of China's banking system.

Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem, inferiority complexes, an inflated sense of self-importance or snobbishness .

But the statement issued by the ministers left unclear how the imbalances would be reduced.

France, which guides the process for the next six months, will try to end the bickering over global imbalances.

France, which guides the process for the next six months, will try to end the bickering over global imbalances.

He recognises that the reduction of current account imbalances is a necessary condition for a non-protectionist trading system.

Those persistent imbalances, much more than the build-up of debt, are my deep cause of concern about the long-term health of the eurozone.

As China's external imbalances have been improving, there is an excellent basis for a 'basically stable' yuan exchange rate, he added.

Furthermore, I will argue, these imbalances are the result of a "fear of deficits" .

The fear was that deepening global trade imbalances would end in tears.

Any attempt to address global trade imbalances, let alone US popular discontent with the issue, must start there.

'We must avoid ever-increasing and unsustainable imbalances in trade and capital flows, ' he said.

The large imbalances that this system has permitted now destabilise the world.

Prior to the financial crisis, the US trade deficit with China was marked as one of the big global "imbalances" .

My question: have the hormonal and other imbalances that trigger inappropriate sexual cravings in humans been engineered out of the hybrids?

In particular, it broadens the analysis of the role of the "global imbalances" , on which I (and many others) have written.

However, the factors generating the imbalances have had consequences for income inequality in the US and China.

If global imbalances are the result of such frictions, they are unlikely to unwind quickly.

A reform of the global monetary system is needed to ensure that imbalances do not return.

Some say that it is not appreciating fast enough, and still leading to massive imbalances in global trade and manufacturing costs.

Only when old Europe and old Asia spend like the Anglosphere can the "imbalances" finally disappear.

To gamble that social spending is the way to get out of the imbalances is wrong.

Admittedly, it would be unsound for the US to preserve current imbalances by accumulating government debt indefinitely.

India is no mercantilist adding to global imbalances. It imports more than it exports, creating much needed global demand.

Otherwise the need for demand growth could collide with an ever increasing US current account deficit and unmanageable global imbalances.

The underlying problem is vast budget imbalances between the economies of the different countries that share the currency.

With these inauspicious circumstances, it is no surprise the IMF is rapidly burying its multilateral consultations on global imbalances.

Trade imbalances continue to be a source of vulnerability to the health of the global economy.

China has also come under strong political pressure from the United States to revalue its currency upward to correct trade 'imbalances. '

So it was in the aftermath of the Asian crisis. Imbalances became the rule, not the exception.

But since the U. S. consumer savings rate is so high and so low, why China for trade imbalances bear more responsibility than the U.

Ben Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, recently highlighted the need for global imbalances to be corrected.

There always have been and always will be imbalances reflecting differing degrees of economic development across the world.

In doing so, China is likely to import more, lessening friction and global imbalances with the United States and other trade partners.

The global economy is now paying an exceedingly steep price for having tipped the scales on already dangerous imbalances.

Major systemic imbalances and corrections are highly likely, and everyone should be wary of new economic paradigms to the contrary.

Markets may come late, but at least they correct the imbalances at some stage.

Others think the difference in consumption growth over the years ahead could be large, producing a significant effect on imbalances.

It was created to help resolve problems with currencies and imbalances.

All this must begin now, while China's demographic and gender imbalances remain mild, and while the state has a vast reserve of wealth.

This shows up in yawning imbalances inside the zone.

All the central bankers acknowledge that imbalances are a problem, and that a solution will involve some degree of policy co-ordination.

In the context of dealing with global imbalances, people would suggest that China should not be having large foreign exchange reserve.

It also considered the likely impact of a "hard landing" of global imbalances and the stalling of the Doha trade round.

While that approach has worked for China, it also has produced global trade and currency imbalances that have made matters worse.

The decline in its external value is, instead, a necessary part of the adjustment of the trade imbalances of recent years.

My third proposal would be a tax on excessive and persistent current account imbalances.

"As the global economy recovers and trade volumes rebound, however, global imbalances my reassert themselves, " Bernanke warned.

In good times, Europe tolerated growing trade imbalances and was fairly patient with China's mercantilist policies.

Yet, encouragingly, the global imbalances are now expected to shrink a little, as a share of world GDP.

The central government can no longer afford to artificially prop up demand without creating dangerous imbalances in the domestic economy.

Among the dynamic imbalances, a trend of higher recovery rate was found in head thrust sign, HSN, and VIN than in caloric asymmetry.

Imbalances in world trade are growing increasingly large, and the global currency system is getting out of control.

Thanks to high commodity prices and global imbalances, sovereign wealth funds now control at least $2, 000bn in assets.

However, most international organizations expect payments imbalances to increase again over the medium term.

In fact, there's not likely to be much more than rhetorical consensus on reducing imbalances.

The implication is greater systemic risk, as the private banks increase their exposure to imbalances in (principally) the property sector.

But the odds are against a breakthrough as individual countries do not agree they are to blame for global imbalances.

As the crisis evolves, however, and we start looking at eventual recovery, the issue of global imbalances is likely to return to the fore.

In other countries with fiscal imbalances, a structural consolidation effort of at least 0. 5% of GDP per year is required.

Instead , an international agreement is essential to phase out the imbalances in a cooperative manner .

Thus, for a savings-short economy, there is no escaping large multilateral trade imbalances.

Ultimately, the Bretton Woods II system of global imbalances has had effects reaching far beyond the U. S. and Asia.

The IMF also said it was making progress on resolving global trade imbalances through its "multilateral surveillance" process.

A tightening of policy earlier would have damaged these economies, but potentially stopped imbalances growing to such dizzying proportions.

Those current account imbalances are the result of imposing a single currency on 17 eurozone countries.

Domestic studies conducted thus far have unveiled several educational imbalances due to geographic location .

China macroeconomic policies should be chosen renewedly in the face of economic imbalances.

Mr Krugman says countries like Vietnam are not big enough to affect global imbalances.

A more fundamental protectionist threat lies in global imbalances, which are at the root of the crisis.

It appears the great unwinding of global imbalances and the dollar's ensuing demise are notions that belong up there with the tooth fairy.

' A recovery doesn't need a full resolution of those imbalances, he says, only a 'convincing sign that change is taking place.

"Stable and sustained long-term growth will require a smooth unwinding of the existing imbalances in current accounts, " the statement said.

Researcher Nicholas Lardy says China needs to permit a faster revaluation of its currency to remedy global imbalances.

What this analysis is telling us is quite simple: next to no adjustment in underlying structural imbalances is occurring.

We believe that common development is an important way to redressing global development imbalances and achieving sustainable development.

Inflation will climb higher and financial imbalances will widen, running the risk of a hard landing.

As things stand, the global policy response is encouraging fresh borrowing and consuming, so imbalances are likely to re-emerge quickly.

An alternative would be to try to tackle imbalances from all sides.

In addition to global imbalances, intellectual property protection and energy are likely to be priorities.

This paper employs the generational accounting approach to assess the intergenerational and gender-specific fiscal burden imbalances.

The concept of global imbalances has been generally overblown.

This, in turn, has contributed to the build-up of the macroeconomic imbalances that many blame for the financial crisis.

It is in Asia's interests that it should correct its imbalances by increasing consumption at home.

Such a move could address global trade imbalances.

Structural trade and payments imbalances, whether positive or negative, are the source of the current turmoil.

Shifting away from exports would not only address imbalances within these countries.

China, with its large population , weak economic foundation and imbalances in development, is not yet a rich country .

But this system of imbalances is now challenged, as the consumers in the deficit countries need to consume and import less.

By contrast, both his alarm over entitlement spending and relative lack of concern about current account imbalances are powerfully argued.

The results reveal that current fiscal policy definitely will result in intergenerational and gender-specific fiscal burden imbalances.

In the west, there is a perception that if global imbalances persist this increases the risk of the next crisis.

The current global meltdown owes much to macroeconomic imbalances.

But these adjustments must be framed in the multilateral context in which the imbalances exist.

But these adjustments must be framed in the multilateral context in which the imbalances exist.

The further adjustment of imbalances requires not only that the main participants continue to implement their respective policy commitments.

Exchange rates often provide useful warnings about emerging imbalances, but overconfidence and herd behaviour weakened the signal.

Seen from abroad, the dollar's role provides automatic financing for US external imbalances and enables it to live beyond its means.

China's hectic growth has made it an indispensable partner both in redressing global economic imbalances and in curbing carbon emissions.

But exchange rates don't hold all keys to fixing global imbalances, as the experience of the Plaza Accord proved.

This set the stage for a period of wide trade imbalances and for the Depression that followed.

Without excessive imbalances, the demand for products we now refer to as toxic assets would have been smaller.

For the problem of international trade imbalances is about to get substantially worse.

The right policy is to reduce imbalances as quickly as possible while minimising the increase in borrowing.

As for official flows, the Group of 20 developed and emerging nations has done little to address the long-term problem of imbalances.

Any diet changes MUST be slow and gentle. Upsetting the gut causes bacterial imbalances and can kill your chin.

It is precisely this scenario that has contributed to a dramatic widening of global current account imbalances in recent years.

Currency, or relative price, adjustments between any two nations are not a panacea for structural imbalances in the global economy.

He retells the familiar story of how global imbalances bred the financial crisis, but with a twist.

And better IT would have done little to counteract the bigger forces behind the crisis, such as global economic imbalances.

As the latest financial crisis takes a toll on global trade, the imbalances are likely to ease somewhat.

The surge in the trade deficit is the automatic consequence of a shift in global trade imbalances.

Even countries that have avoided dangerous external imbalances find themselves in trouble.

"The lesson from this crisis is underlying systems of global imbalances cannot be perpetuated" , he added.

China's economy, geared towards producing goods for foreign consumers, creates massive international imbalances.

With the event heavily over-shadowed by tension over Chinese currency policy and bilateral trade imbalances, there were no breakthroughs.

In fact, the cost of resolving the previous surges in non-performing loans exacerbated China's domestic imbalances.

Such imbalances are contradictions with the urban development and people's longing for comfortable living environment.

Their expanding middle classes have fewer children, but both suffer from gender imbalances because families often abort female fetuses.

The longer that international investors remain risk-averse, the more attention they are likely to pay to current-account imbalances.

It is critical that we address the issues of imbalances aggressively and in a cooperative spirit with the goal of raising global growth.

The root cause for current economic imbalances within individual countries, among countries and regions is uneven development.

Second , the market situation is of their own development imbalances and unhealthy.

It is perhaps too large and too diverse a group to tackle the issues of imbalances and sustainable demand in an effective manner.

Easy money came from global macroeconomic imbalances that generated enormous capital inflows into deficit countries.

The imbalances plaguing the euro zone will not go away unless the south can cut costs, including wages, so its companies can compete.

The UK, Spain, Greece and Ireland will face sovereign risk pressures, especially if their fiscal imbalances are not addressed immediately.

Many Western officials see China's policy of export-led growth as the main cause of global trade imbalances.

Uneven growth and widening imbalances are fueling the temptation to diverge from global solutions into uncoordinated actions.

But it would also lower long-term costs for the US, and reduce dangerous global imbalances.

Nonetheless, many on Capitol Hill claim that currency manipulation to support China's exporters has maintained global imbalances.

The second essential prerequisite for survival is a reduction in internal imbalances, which lie at the core of the current crisis.

In that sense, it has helped to worsen China's economic imbalances by encouraging individual savings.

Many girls have hormone imbalances during puberty, so it's not uncommon to experience menorrhagia during the teen years.

Despite its prominence in the debate on global imbalances, China is not representative of most emerging markets.

Medication: Antidepressants may be prescribed to correct imbalances in the levels of chemicals in the brain.

The century limps into its teens looking ahead to yawning government deficits and global imbalances that are still not resolved.

The first is to what extent global imbalances are self-correcting?

That, in turn, prolonged global imbalances by making it easier for profligate countries to finance their current-account deficits.

Third, avoiding imbalances is set to become an additional objective in the eurozone, on top of budgetary discipline and financial stability.

However, global harmony is only possible if we address the major imbalances that divide the global community.

Macroeconomic policy needs also to address asset prices, credit expansion and imbalances between sectors and economies.

Olivier Blanchard, the IMF's chief economist, said this week that global imbalances contributed only "indirectly" to the crisis.

Second, we recognize that a more flexible system in China, in and of itself, will not solve global imbalances.

That would best reduce trade imbalances, and global demand, on a whole, should benefit.

There is no sign that the dangerous global imbalances that helped cause the crisis are any closer to resolution.

The ultimate cause of death is generally cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac arrest brought on by tissue degradation and electrolyte imbalances.

Economies that suffer trade imbalances would benefit from a more flexible exchange rate.

Some had recognised the dangers created by huge internal imbalances and irresponsible lending to peripheral countries.

International payments imbalances, although large, are self-reinforcing.

The international financial crisis has aroused much thinking and discussion about world economic imbalances.

The last census, for example, revealed the dreadful scale of imbalances in the sex ratio in Punjab, Haryana and a few other states.

Leaders agreed to come up with "indicative guidelines" to tackle trade imbalances affecting world growth.

More important will be strong action to reduce external imbalances, particularly by large countries with huge current account surpluses.

But the divisions that have prevented a co-operative solution to global trade imbalances remained evident.

Faster currency appreciation alone will not rectify China's growing external imbalances.

This is not so much because he is leaving, but because of what he is leaving behind: the biggest economic imbalances in American history.

potential physiological imbalances between groups.

If exclusivity is too weak or too strong, imbalances in the IP system can limit innovation and its benefits.

Of course. The fluids can provide energy for heart functions and prevent you from electrolytic imbalances after operation.

But existing legislation on currency imbalances is widely seen as politically untenable following the mid-term elections.

Under imbalances come the interventions in currency markets aimed at supporting competitiveness.

LINC transmitters are sensitive to the imbalances existed in the system because of its special structure.

China's positive experience with CIC is encouraging it to propose a sovereign-wealth fund to solve global imbalances.