lower glume

Lower glume separated by an internode; spikelets not in pairs, evenly spread throughout the panicle.

Lower glume not separated by an internode; spikelets in pairs and clustered toward the ends of the branches.

Secondary branches well developed, spreading; lower glume separated by an internode.

Lower glume separated by an internode; upper lemma glabrous at the apex.

The length of the lower glume is very variable, even within a single raceme.

Lower glume of sessile spikelet obovate, broadly winged; awn present, geniculate, exserted from spikelet.

Lower glume of sessile spikelet oblanceolate, winged; awn absent or imperfect, included within spikelet.

Lower glume longer than upper glume; panicle open, branches divaricate, bearded in axils.

Lower glume of sessile spikelet shallowly concave to almost flat, without a swelling at base.

Panicle spike like with short racemes appressed to the axis; spikelets straight-awned; lower glume distinctly 2-keeled.

9 (8) Lower glume of sessile spikelet deeply concave, depression with a prominent swelling at base.

Spikelets 3 per node; lower glume long villous, hairs extending beyond glume apex; upper lemma cordate.

4 (3) Lower glume of sessile spikelet laterally compressed; raceme often reduced to a triad.

Lower glume with long hairs exceeding glume apex.

Lower glume of sessile spikelet smooth.

upper glume equal to lower glume, boat-shaped.

7 (6) Lower glume of sessile spikelet linear, obscurely veined, smooth below middle.

Spikelets 3-awned (from upper glume and both lemmas); lower glume scabrid, apex 2-cleft; nodes of culm pubescent.

Glumes membranous, 1-veined, lower glume ca. 0. 8 mm, upper glume ca. 1 mm, falling off when mature.

lower glume deeply grooved on back or with a broad median channel, margins inflexed, 2-keeled at least toward apex;

lower glume thinly cartilaginous, back pilose with silky hairs twice length of spikelet, keels scabrid, apex acuminate;

lower glume obovate, ridged or honeycombed, upper part deeply honeycombed with sharp, narrow ribs, smooth and slightly narrowed toward base;

lower glume oblong-lanceolate, brownish, glossy, typically with scanty stiff rufous hairs, but sometimes glabrous or pubescent;

lower glume leathery to bony, enveloping spikelet, body smooth or transversely constricted, flanks usually winged above;

lower glume broadly lanceolate, glabrous to hispid, veins smooth except near apex, apex emarginate, minutely mucronate;

lower glume oblong-lanceolate, dorsally compressed with shallow central groove, densely brown strigose;

lower glume leathery, black-brown at maturity, glossy, glabrous below middle, upper part and margins hispid with brown hairs;

lower glume dorsally slightly flattened, pubescent throughout;

lower glume ovate-oblong, smooth or areolate on back, sometimes also tuberculate, wingless, apex subacute;

lower glume membranous, thinly cartilaginous, or becoming leathery below, flat to broadly convex, veins indistinct, laterally 2-keeled;

lower glume villous below middle, hairs usually extending slightly beyond apex, keels green;

lower glume membranous, triangular, up to 0. 8 mm or absent;

glumes 2, lower glume close to lower lemma, without subtended buds;

lower floret staminate, lemma slightly shorter than lower glume, palea subequaling lemma;

lower floret staminate, slightly longer than lower glume;

lower glume oblong-lanceolate, smooth on back, keels scaberulous above middle and narrowly winged at apex;

lower floret staminate, equaling or shorter than lower glume;

lower glume narrowly lanceolate, villous with ca. 3 mm hairs, veins smooth, apex subacute or emarginate;

upper glume boat-shaped, resembling lower glume in texture and color;

upper glume adnate to rachis, equaling lower glume, thin, acute;

lower glume lanceolate, 2-keeled upward, lower back smooth, glabrous, upper back thinner, keels hispidulous, apex acute to 2-toothed;

lower floret staminate, subequal to lower glume;

glumes 1 or 2, both small, lower glume usually very small, usually distant from lower lemma, with vestigial remnants of subtended buds;

lower glume cartilaginous to leathery, often spinulose;

lower glume firmly membranous, shallowly convex, scaberulous or puberulous toward apex varying to appressed-pubescent throughout;

lower glume densely pilose with long hairs on margins;

glumes unequal, lower glume ovate, ca. 3 mm, upper glume oblong-ovate, as long as spikelet;

lower glume lanceolate, back flat, margins scabrid, apex acuminate-caudate to awnlike;

lower floret staminate, as long as lower glume;

upper glume subequal to lower glume, scabrid along keel, apex acute;

glumes ovate-lanceolate, lower glume slightly longer than upper, 1-veined or obscurely 3-veined, scabrid, apex acuminate;

lower glume a tiny scale or suppressed;

glumes lanceolate, unequal, lower glume ca. 0. 3 mm longer than upper glume, keel scabrid, apex acute;

lower glume ca. 0. 5 mm, veinless, obtuse or emarginate;

glumes mostly strongly keeled, unequal, or subequal, lower glume 1- or 3-veined, upper glume 3(or 5)-veined;

free portion of lower glume a ca. 0. 2 mm truncate frill;

lower glume awn ca. 8 mm;

glumes obtuse, lower glume ca. 1. 2 mm, upper glume ca. 2 mm;