ionization

This spectacular image captures, in false color, the nebulas , bright ionization fronts, and fine details of the dark dust.

This spectacular image captures the nebulas , bright ionization fronts, and fine details of the dark dust.

Ionizing radiation refers to electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation that directly or indirectly causes ionization of any material.

Neutrons, being electrically neutral particles , do not produce ionization or excitation directly in their passage through matter .

Air Ionization* -- use of an ionizer, to charge molecules in the air, can be an effective complement to a sound grounding system.

This phenomenon was explained with the avalanche ionization mechanism and the concept of the equivalent pulse was proposed.

Ionosphere is the height of the gas, solar radiation, ionization with a charge of anions and cations, and some form of electronic freedom.

The two-photon ionization spectrum of Cs atom in a strong electric field was studied experimentally.

The conductivity imparted to the air can be ascribed to ionization produced by the rays emitted by the uranium compounds.

Below 60km, ionization is not due to the sun's ultraviolet and x radiation primarily, but to cosmic radiation.

Due to the nonlinear interaction and ionization, the spectrum of femtosecond laser pulses can be expanded through filament in noble gases.

Compared with ionic liquids, ionization cellulose ester had better solubility for cellulose due to its strong degradation of cellulose. 4.

Finally the general expressions of ionization rate and probability with multi-passage are given.

Install an ozone ionization generator on the air-intake end of all the air-intake engines. The channel has catalytic action.

The basic characters of ionization current are studied by means of the steady flame of blowtorch .

The probe position can be easily optimized for different flows and chemical environments to maintain excellent ionization performance.

The choice of ionization source and experimental sample of instrument is discussed. The system's experimental equipment is devised.

X-rays bathed the dayside of our planet and sent waves of ionization rippling through the atmosphere over Europe.

The process which effects the initial ionization within a flashlamp is known as "triggering" .

Medical electrical equipment - Dosimeters with ionization chambers as used in radiotherapy.

Ionization generator control unit is equipped with a safety interlock system that enables automatic Eden as needed.

A simple procedure for preparing gold-coated silica capillaries for use in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is described.

A non-volatile memory cell operating at low voltage by means of impact ionization for programming.

The parameters of the additional ionization and the ionospheric disturbance due to the nuclear explosion are obtained.

For this purpose, fission track (FT) technique was successfully applied in combination with thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS).

Uniform glow-like discharge is generated in a spark pre-ionization assisted dielectric barrier discharge device at atmospheric air.

Since neutrons have no charge, they produce no ionization in their passage through gases.

An increase in hydrogen ions within cell walls would decrease ionization of carboxyl groupings of the cellulosic fraction .

Ionization potential (ionization energy): Amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.

Air quality. Stationnary sources emissions. Determination of an index for the gaseous organic content. Flame ionization method.

Mitiglinide calcium was quantitated by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization (ESI-).

Fluids for electrotechnical applications. Gassing of insulating liquids under electrical stress and ionization.

A RF electric field is applied to the ions in ionization, reaction and separation region of ion mobility spectrometers.

The electronic affinities (EA)and ionization potential (IP)also had been discussed in this work.

This enables ionization of protein complexes as a whole contained in the sample, and enables mass analyses of them.

The severe impact ionization effects in polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors are investigated and characterized.

The progress of the applications of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS) in chiral recognition is reviewed.

As a result of dy lampnot ionization potential low, so low-voltage triggered a Xenon lamp, are more prone to trigger point.

Nuclear energy - Nuclear fuel technology-Waste - Tritium releasing assay in tritiated waste packages by ionization chamber.

Methods By using analytical column, electrospray ionization and positive ion monitoring components of kitasamycin were analyzed.

Enhanced circuitry bandwidth - increases dynamic range to capture AC ionization performance.

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALD MS) for tissue section analysis is a new area in mass spectrometry.

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI- MS) is a soft ionization technique by which molecular ions are mainly formed.

Experiments have shown that most of the ionization is caused by particles coming into the atmosphere at great speeds from outer space.

Therefore, dissociation of tetrachloromethane ionization process has been subject to attention.

For the collision processes of direct ionization, the present calculated results agree well with the experimental data.

In the course of the discharge through the gap with oxygen of ionization generates ozonization.

The firm specializes in development and manufacture of silicon ionization detectors and instrumentation built on the same.

The structure and fragmentation pathway of silybin were elucidated by electron spray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS).

VACUUM TECHNOLOGY. IONIZATION VACUUM GAUGES. CALIBRATION BY DIRECT COMPARISON.

Mass spectrometry is composed of ionization technique, mass analysis technique and ion detection technique.

Both ionization and excitation lead to electronic transitions that may be the emission of light.

The ionization in the upper atmosphere is caused by ultraviolet rays form the sun.

Compared with the ionization energies in literatures, the isomers were uniquely identified.

antirust , anti - ionization , lubricate water pump and gasoline economizer.

For a given species the energy required to remove the first electron is called the first ionization energy, and so on.

Ozone generator, whose material is clear and oxygen, produces the ozone under high-pressure discharge ionization.

Breathe is a living kitchen appliance that literally 'breathes in' air pollutants through ionization.

Triggering creates a voltage gradient in the gas of sufficient magnitude to cause ionization of the lamp.

Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 7 : smoke detectors - Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization.

Presence of sodium from NaOH will suppress the ionization of barium in the second set of solutions.

Electron-electron correlation studies in photon ionization .

FTD - Flame thermionic detection (alkali flame ionization )?

Use ionization chamber for absolute dose verification, and analyze the effect of volume of ionization chamber on absolute dose measurement.

Ionizing Rule and Characteristic Spectra Analysis of Electrospray Ionization for Alkaloids in Menispermum Dauricum DC.

The lifetimes of the Stark manifold states are measured by using delayed electric field ionization.

Computers, displays, hand-holding telephone and other electric equipments can produce certain amount of ionization radialization.

In this paper, we study the rubidium atoms resonance ionization for three step through general rate equation.

In this respect, they violate the material law of ionization.

Proton-transfer-reaction (PTR) ionization is a high sensitive method for volatile organic compounds.

This kind of nanotubes field ionization gas sensor can be used appropriately in normal air.

In this paper, a method of estimating engine indicated torque by using in-cylinder ionization sensing technique is presented.

The theory and measuring principle of ionization current are explained in detail.

(Gassing under electrical stress and ionization).

Unmagnetized clouds that are initially bound undergo rapid collapse, which is difficult to reverse by ionization feedback or stellar winds.

SID - Surface ionization detection ?

Rated voltage lines higher insulation to the longer ionization time.

The matrix facilitates ionization of proteins when excited by laser energy.

Indeed, no rules, it can ChengFangYuan ionization strict discipline, let me gradually mature.

Both ionization chambers are placed phantom respectively, and then carry out QA plan.

PSFID - Phosphorus sulfur flame ionization detection ?

Based on relativity quantum defect theory of ions energy levels, an expression of ionization energies of helium-like ions has been given.

27. The more intense the ionization of a region is, the more the energy will be refracted.

Meanwhile, use 2 dimensional ionization chamber array for relative dose verification of IMRT.

Gas to electricity, gas heat, ionization and until an electric current.

This ionization process often results in chemical changes in living tissues, which can lead to injury in the organism .

FID - Flame ionization detection ?

Many new high techniques, such as PIN-semiconductor detector of the ionization-radiation, the weak electric current signal adjustment.

There are several ways to minimize noise in the test system due to ionization interference.

Under the ionization of the Cu pinhole and the atmospheric breakdown, the output pulse width can be further shortened to 2. 11 ns.

The new developed soft ionization source which is used in time-of-flight mass spectrometer is introduced.

The low ionization potentials of the heavier gases also account for their chemistry.

The multiphoton ionization will happen when the electric field of lasers is equivalent to the Coulomb field in a hydrogen atom.

Indirect ionization by neutrons can also result from fission of plutonium or uranium isotopes.

Metal with low ionization energy that loses electrons readily to form cations.

A plasma occurs when a gas has obtained enough energy so that ionization occurs.

Experiment shows that electron capture is the dominant process; transfer ionization contributions, however, can not be neglected.

Meantime, use 2 dimensional ionization chamber array for relative dose verification in 30 IMRT plans.

Determinated, the sample is dotted in the sirtering bar, then scanned, detector and quantified with hydrogen liame ionization detector(FID).

In this thesis, we analyse the impact-ionization mechanism and build up 1D and 2D impact-ionization circuit model.

It is formed by a process of "self-ionization" .

The ionization has an effective distance of 1m.

Dense gas serves to reduce the ionization, because it absorbs the ionizing soft x rays.

Study of the ion concentration distribution rule of a strong ionization discharge at high atmosphere

Fragmentation Regularities of Cephalosporin Drugs by Means of Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Another set of sensors, called field-effect transistor amplifiers (FET amplifier), are used to detect the ionization of the particle

Ionization of a background gas by an intense relativistic electron beam

Experimental studies on ammonia synthesis in a strong ionization discharge at ambient pressure

Analysis of phosphatidylcholine in soybean phospholipids by high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Application of Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in Study on Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates

Determination of Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues by Gas Chromatography-Negative Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Its Application

Studies of Ammonia Synthesis in a Strong Ionization Discharge at Ambient Pressure

A Study of the Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Sildenafil Piperidine Derivatives

Determination of Fat-soluble Components in Danshen by High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Ionization of molecules irradiated by an intense femtosecond laser field

Characteristic of resistant ionization-radiation and its relationship with polysaccharide contents in Spirulina

A Set of Ionization Chamber Telescope Used in Dissipative Heavy Ion Reaction Measurement

Structural characterization of aminoglycoside antibiotics by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Fabrication and applications of an interface to couple microfluidic chips with electrospray ionization mass spectrometer

The technology and application of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization Time-of-flight mass spectrometry

HPLC-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrum Analysis of Minocycline Hydrochloride and Its Related Substances

Determination of Chloramphenicol Residues in Animal Muscles by Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The Application of Surface-enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Chip in Study of Proteomics

Study of resonant ionization of Alkali metal atom produced by photodissociation of Alkali metal iodide molecule

Standard Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

The Parameters of Ion Gate on the Performance of A VUV Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure Ion Mobility Spectrometer

A Study on Delayed Ion Extraction of Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Study of Erythromycin Antibiotics by Self- Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Vakuum technology; standard method for vacuum gauge calibration by direct comparison with a reference vaccum gauge, ionization vacuum gauge

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Trichloroethene Cation by Vacuum Ultraviolet Pulsed Field Ionization-photoelectron Method

Extraction and Separation of Boron in Rock Samples and Its Isotopic Determination by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Study of the Paleoclimate Based on the Comparison Between Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Uranium Series Dating and Oxygen Isotopes

Ambient air - Determination of total non-methane organic compounds - Cryogenic preconcentration and direct flame ionization detection method

Theoretical study of cross sections of excitation and ionization for electron-ion impact in average-atomic model

Design of a selective interface for electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry

Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry

Design of the ionization chamber of photoionization detector for the detection of total volatile organic compounds

Evaluation of the Effects of the pH Value of Buffer on Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Signal Intensity

The Determination of Boron Isotope by Negative Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Its Development

Determination of Fumonisin in Food by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Application of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in protein sequencing

Combustion, a never extinguishing topic--Combustion study with synchrotron radiation single-photon ionization technique

Synchrotron radiation VUV single-photon ionization technique and its applications

The influence of the ionicity effect on the average life of high ionization hydrogenlike ions

Analysis of Lansoprazole and Its Byproducts by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospary Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Identification of Products Formed in Side Reactions in Ractopamine Synthesis with Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry

Scopolamine and Its Metabolites in Rats by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Using Topological Molecular Method for Predicting Ionization Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Studies on Noncovalent Interactions in Supramolecule Systems by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of Cryptotanshinone by Electron Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Experimental Studies of Generating High Concentration Ozone with Dielectric Barrier Strong Ionization Discharge

Determination of the ionization constant of eugenol by the spectrophotometric method

A shock tube method for Determination of the rate constants for ionization recombination

Research and Calculate the Measure Calibration of the Propellant for the Applied of the Photo Ionization Detector

Photo Ionization Detector and Its Application to Environmental Monitoring

Theoretical Calculation of the Relative Mass Calibration Factor of Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector

Brief Introduction of MEDICI Software and Its Application in Ionization Radiation Effects

Autocorrelation Topological Research of the First Ionization Potentials for Haloalkanes

Analysis of the Metabolites of Atropine in Rat Intestinal Flora by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Calibration Specification for Volatile Organic Compounds Photo Ionization Detectors

Development of the ionization gauge and the quadrupole mass spectrometer with a Bessel-box type energy analyzer

Standard Test Method for Uranium and Plutonium Concentrations and Isotopic Abundances by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Collisional ionization rate coefficients of electron impact ionization in a highly ionized Au plasma

Investigation of the high harmonic generation and ionization of atoms with long-range and short-range potentials in intense laser fields

Effects of relaxation induced by excitation (or ionization) of inner subshell electrons on the wave functions and transition probabilities

Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection

Multiple scalers data acquisition system for laser atomic resonance ionization spectroscopy experiment

Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items - Ionization

Determination of Binding Constants of Crown Ether-Alkali Metal Cation Complexes by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Experiments of Extracting Gold from Refractory Leaching Gold Ores by Electric Field Enhancement Ionization -Cyanide Leaching

Influence of intensity and pulse width on ionization of linear multi-atom molecular ion in two-color laser fields

Determination of the ionization constant and partition coefficient of lauroyl indapamide

Unfolding of Proteins Monitored by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: a Comparison of Different Condition

Desorption-ionization Mass Spectrometry with Porous Silica Gel and Its Derivatives as Matrix

Identification and Analysis of Polypeptides by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Lutetium Isotopic Ratio Using Three-Photon Stepwise Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Smoke detectors - Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization

Vibration Constants Measurement of Molecular Potassium Excited State by Ionization Spectrum Technique

Study of Isotopic Selectivity in Laser Resonance Ionization of Lutetium Atom

Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Fast Detection of Sudan Dyes in Foods Without Sample Pretreatment

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in chiral recognition: its applications

Strong Ionization Discharge Plasma Chemistry at High Pressure and Its Application

Air Pressure Effect of a Scintillation Chamber or an Ionization Chamber as Measuring Radon

Investigation on Multiphoton Ionization and Dissociation Spectroscopy of Trichloroethylene

Theoretical study of producing plasma of ozone by gas ionization discharge

A Theoretical Study of Screened Hydrogenic Ionization Model

Analysis of Soyasaponins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Negative Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Electrospray ionization MS is introduced and its application in chemistry of protein

Relations between ionization energy and radial expectation, momentum expectation in atomic systems

Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection

Standard Test Method for Gassing of Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)

Selective different atomic ionization and measurement to influence of cavity field squeezing properties

The determination of the ionization constant and partition coefficient of moxonidine

Application of Monte Carlo Simulations in Measurement of Atomic Inner-shell Ionization Cross-sections by Low-energy Electron Impact

Dosimeters with ionization chambers for photon and electron radiation in radiotherapy; rules for manufacture

First observation of topside ionization ledges using radio beacon measurements from low Earth orbiting satellites

Analysis of Two Trace Alkaloid Isomers in Strychnos nux-vomical by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Application of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Chiral Recognition and Analysis

Self-consistent variational calculation of the dense fluid helium plasma in the region of partial ionization

Evolution of ionization front and its effects on laser pulse propagation in gaseous targets

The study of lung adenocarcinoma serum biomarkers selected by surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization spectrometry

Regulation of Verification for Volatile Organic Compounds Photo Ionization Detectors

Test Method for Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items - Ionization

Analysis of Acontium Alkaloids in the Roots of Baishan Aconitum Plants by Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Investigation of high order harmonic generation and ionization of model hydrogen atoms and real hydrogen atom in intense laser field

A Comparison of Loading Reagent for Boron Isotopic Measurement by Negative Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Relativistic Calculation in detail level for electron-impact highly-charged ions ionization cross sections

Method to High-Efficiently Kill Legionellosis in Air-conditioning Cooling Towers: Copper-Silver Ionization

Studies on Saponins Using Negative Electrospray Ionization Multi-stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Quantum electrodynamics theory of high-order above-threshold ionization

Study on the combination principles about aconite roots by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Accurate Determination of Trace Copper and Zinc in Human Serum by Isotope Dilution-Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Design and measurement of a portable ionization chamber

Development of IGBT Inverter Power Supply Used in Strong Ionization Discharge of Dielectric Barrier

Calculations of Thermophysical Properties of High Energy Flow With Dissociation and Ionization

Study on Thyroglobulin Bovine by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Studies on the Ionization Plasma Transportation Characteristics in Strong Electric Field

Hematopoietic system responses of ionization radiation exposure

Effect of Electric Field of Drift Tube On Performance of A Vacuum Ultraviolet Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometer

Trace Analysis of Zn-doped Compound Semiconductor Material by Resonant Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Impact of Ionization Radiation on Cytogenetic Inheritance Damage of Occupational Workers

Ionization Effect in Flame and Temperature Measurement of Combustion Process in the Internal Combustion Engine

Effects of wound fluid on fibroblast proliferation and migration in rats with ionization radiation compound wound

Study on Flavonoids From Meconopsis Maxim by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of Saponins in Extract of Panax Ginseng and Panax Quinquofolium by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Dynamic simulations on initial process of the gas ionization by cathode explosive emission electrons

Radiological protection standards for ionization smoke fire detectors

Application of Acetone and Dimethyl Ether Chemical Ionization Reagent Gases to Structural Analysis

Study on the relationship of average ionization stage with the electron temperature for Au laser produced plasma

Technique of Lutetium Isotopic Analysis by Laser Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Factors Considered in Mass Spectrometric Determination in Dating Using the Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Uranium Series Method

Studies on Paeoniflorin by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Isotopic Analysis Technique in Laser Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Determination of Difenoconazole Residue in Foods by Gas Chromatography-Negative Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Insulating oils - Determination of gassing under electrical stress and ionization

Controllable Ionization Cloud under HPM by Humans and Its Application

Experimental study on the production of high concentration ozone with strong ionization discharge

Studies on the Behavior and Mechanisms of Ivermectin in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Studies on Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectra of Diterpene Alkaloids From Spiraea japonica

A Fully Relativistic Distorted-wave Calculation for Electron-impact Ionization Cross Section

Identification and Quantification of Non-basic Nitrogen Compounds by Ammonia Chemical Ionization GC-MS

Calibration and usage of dose calibrator ionization chambers for the assay of radionuclides

Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometric Behavior of Ethoxylates Surfactant

The application of surface enhanced laser desorption ionization technique in lung cancer research

An experimental investigation on the resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and dissociation processes of acetone

Experimental study on ozone generation of high concentration with the method of strong ionization discharge

Generation of Multi-charge Carbon Ions in Laser-induced Ionization of Benzene under Intense Nanosecond Laser Fields

Interaction between anticancer drugs and DNA studied by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Detection of Formaldehyde Using Ion Mobility Spectrometer with Laser Ionization Source

Ionization Balance Constant of Weak Electrolyte Determined by Conductance Method