central bank

But if action needs to be immediate, as it does, the only entity able to supply the needed funds is the central bank.

He said China's central bank has grown more independent over the last 30 years, and would likely continue to do so.

other kind of bank -the Bank of the United States was simultaneously a commercial bank and a quasi-public central bank.

A euro zone central bank source told Reuters last week that the ECB would like to see its resources at least doubled.

This is what India's central bank has been trying to do for a while and with very limited success.

If the poll results prove correct, banks would be required to put 19 percent of deposits at the central bank by the end of this year.

Though the central bank now seems to suggest the status quo will continue, it would be odd for China to flag any move on the yuan.

Such steps had been taken in the US and UK, where the central bank had seen deflation risks, he said.

When Thailand's central bank ran out of foreign exchange and had to let the baht plunge, other currencies fell as investors lost confidence.

"The politicians are tied up . . . I don't think they have time to think about [central bank policy], " said the person close to the BoJ.

But Tuesday's report came the same day the central bank said the economy is not growing fast enough to reduce unemployment.

they suggest that the central bank prefers to fudge the recognition of losses in the system if it thinks stability is at risk.

Similarly Jean Claude Trichet, head of the European Central Bank, spoke about how the dust had begun to settle on the crisis.

Banks have been able make up for some of that lost liquidity by borrowing at the European Central Bank.

He said the central bank will make a decision on its subordinated loan plan as soon as possible.

Without it, dysfunctional bond markets would not be able to transmit the central bank's interest-rate stance to the euro zone's economy.

Last night they merely recorded that this is still the view of the European Central Bank, but did not endorse it.

The central bank has not published such an estimate before, and did not comment any further on the implications of the figure.

This fuelled speculation that the bank will take a more hawkish stance ahead of the European Central Bank's meeting later this week.

Prior to its restructuring, it had no experience providing credit. Indeed, even its clients' deposits were kept by China's central bank.

The central bank's inaction is owed to a particular set of Japanese circumstances as the economy moves out of a decade of deflation.

So just how much bond buying would the U. S. central bank have to do to get reticent consumers spending again?

The crisis that began a year ago may yet mark another turning-point in the relationship between America's politicians and its central bank.

Analysts said the central bank initiatives were likely to help conditions, but warned that credit markets remained jittery.

Some 65 years later, the governor of the Chinese central bank issued a public statement lamenting the fact that Keynes had not got his way.

To hear him tell it, his hawkish views disqualified him from getting the top job at the European Central Bank later this year.

He said the central bank is ready to inject a massive amount of funds into the markets from early Monday morning if needed.

Central bank is able to control monetary multiplier indirectly by means of using monetary instruments to affect various factors.

He said the May central bank data showed that the focus remains on inflation.

As the central bank has tightened monetary policy, this has made it harder for the bank to win the business of ordinary savers.

But the euro was an incomplete currency: it had a central bank but no treasury.

Fan said the central bank could continue to loosen monetary policy if loan growth turns out to be sluggish next year.

As if in a mini-Europe, the central bank has to set a single rate for parts of the economy that are performing very differently.

In Brazil, the central bank governor, Henrique Meirelles, said he welcomed the Chinese announcement, but wanted to see results.

"Even the European Central Bank has somewhat bowed to international pressure with its purchase of covered bonds, " she said.

One reason to think not is that the central bank has not been able to raise interest rates anything like as quickly as it would like.

Only if the IMF evolved into a global central bank able to issue them at speed could SDRs truly become a central reserve asset.

CDB spokeswoman said the bank had no comment on the injection beyond the central bank's statement.

The U. S. central bank in its monetary policy pushes interest rates up or down by moving money in and out of the financial system.

The European Central Bank (ECB) is reluctant to go down that path, partly for fear that it might be seen to be bowing to political pressure.

Another important determinant of a currency's value is the credibility of the manager of that currency--the central bank.

He said the strengthening of the Norwegian krone would keep the central bank from raising rates by more.

They soon realised that this was not clever and got together to hammer out an agreement to limit central-bank sales to 400 tonnes a year.

Mr. Yunus has remained at work since the central bank's ruling, but he appears to be running out of legal options to stay.

Other analysts said the central bank did not always publicly signal measures.

Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Malaysia's central-bank governor, said the swap agreement would facilitate trade and investment between the two countries.

By then Britain had already adopted the German model of a central bank free from political influence and determined to fight inflation.

The primary task of deepening reform of the financial structure is to turn the People's Bank of China into a central bank true to its name.

Instead, the central bank has been trying to make sure commercial banks keep within their lending targets, which banks habitually exceed.

Investors seem to prefer the monetary approach of the European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan.

The Bank of Korea, the central bank, may miss its inflation target as higher import prices drive up the cost of living.

But the United States central bank says it is trying to be more clear and timely in communicating its policies.

Sarrazin, who had been one of the German central bank's six chairmen, resigned after publishing a provocative book about integration.

Bonds of a country with its own central bank are simply a promise to repay one government obligation (ie, debt) with another (ie, currency).

The German central bank compiles the statistics all to pass the silver bank draft to leave the fund the data (time, amount and use).

The United States central bank is prepared to take further actions to support the economy if conditions get a lot worse.

It was the failure of these efforts that convinced him a central bank should not try to burst bubbles.

How much longer before the European Central Bank acts?

He said the central bank will also propose easing restrictions to allow micro lending firms to borrow money.

He said he expected the European Central Bank would soon need to take some type of emergency action.

But with the year winding down, the central bank also has to decide how much it should tighten lending quotas for next year.

For the moment, the central bank's actions seem to have calmed the money markets, where rates fell below 7% on November 5th.

Although the spending report showed core inflation moving higher, analysts did not think this would tie the U. S. central bank's hands.

Even the "third-year effect" can largely be explained by the central bank's reluctance to rock the boat towards the end of a presidency.

That's why I'd be worried if he were to disappear from [the central bank] and was replaced by Shang Fulin. That would be awful.

The German central bank's president, Jens Weidmann, is one of the strongest opponents of such measures on the ECB's governing council.

The Saudi response contrasts with that of the Central Bank of Bahrain, where banks owned by the two groups first defaulted.

Athens would need to have an alternative currency and a strong candidate for central bank governor lined up with a hotline to the ECB.

No central bank anywhere is free from suspicion that it is trying to hold its currency down to bolster its economy.

The conflict, which has broken into rare public view, seems to be mainly between China's central bank and its Commerce Ministry.

She refuses to call on the European Central Bank to be the lender of last resort to stop contagion in the bond markets.

But as long as Beijing maintains its current exchange-rate regime, the central bank has no control over the size of its reserves.

The aim also was "to help make broader financial conditions more accommodative, " which the U. S. central bank missed by a mile.

Under any of these alternatives, the central bank would be behaving like any other bank, creating money in the act of lending.

The metal prices are highly volatile at the moment, but the Central Bank has not imposed any limits on gold acquisition, he said.

The central bank recently referred to its "extremely favourable labour market developments" .

The assault followed the storming a week earlier of the country's central bank, leaving at least 18 dead.

Therefore, he said, the moves by India's central bank to try to lift the nation's market can't be looked at in isolation.

The country's media pack is now hounding the central-bank governor as if he were another celebrity rogue.

It has no common treasury, no tax-raising powers, no joint bonds and no central bank acting as lender of last resort.

It says it was warned by China's central bank that Alipay would not be allowed to operate if it was, in effect, partly foreign-owned.

The U. S. approach contrasts with a growing likelihood of rate hikes by the European Central Bank and the Bank of England.

But since the central bank crackdown, new applicants have come up with no more than six at a time.

China's central bank, which makes its own estimates of seasonally adjusted growth rates, also seems to agree with private-sector economists.

The company is still in its early days and faces obstacles, despite the powerful backing of the central bank.

If he does, Brazil faces the prospect of having three different Central Bank governors in a year.

He speculates that market reformers at the central bank may be trying to shake up the domestic financial markets.

It has now fallen nearly 7% since the start of the year as investors fret that the central bank has failed to address inflation.

Mr Wellink, president of the Dutch central bank, said the effects would be manageable and well worth the risk.

Never before has the central bank made such a policy declaration for as long a period as two years.

They have also appointed a head of the petroleum industry and the central bank just a few days ago.

An analogy is often drawn between an independent judiciary and an independent central bank.

He said the modest price gains give the central bank time to breathe before hiking interest rates this fall.

The Conservatives would also give the central bank powers to force lenders to spell out how they would be wound up in case of failure.

The Fed isn't the only central bank that seems to be putting inflation worries on the back burner while fighting slow growth.

The US central bank said the pace of economic activity had "slowed markedly, owing importantly to a decline in consumer expenditures" .

Clearly, inflation is important and maintaining price stability is an important task of the central bank. It is not the only task, though.

In other words, a central bank trying to prop up its currency must allow its sales of foreign exchange to reduce the domestic money supply.

He'll still be around for a year and a half to attack the central bank.

But mostly the structural weakness was that the central bank was not designed to keep up with the pace of financial innovation.

As well as raising rates, the central bank has increased the ratio of deposits banks must place in reserve with the central bank.

In times of such peril, even a small cut in interest rates by the European Central Bank and the Bank of England would send a helpful signal.

The Panic galvanized the big bankers to put on a concerted putsch for a Lender of Last Resort in the shape of a central bank.

The central bank said the rumors could affect the normal circulation of the Renminbi and jeopardize financial security.

No details, but for those who think the central bank bears much of the responsibility for Japan's economic fills, it would be a good start.

Only through a comprehensive range of the Central Bank's payment processes " " products before they can be referred to as " " money.

China's central bank says it has expanded the number of Chinese exporters allowed to use the yuan to settle international transactions.

The central bank decided to cut interest rates back to record lows to avert a recession and took big steps to help cash-strapped banks.

Still, he said it does suggest that the European Central Bank soon will be moving more aggressively to deal with the crisis.

Japan's central bank seems to have stilled talk of financial panic with huge injections of liquidity.

That would at least let private citizens accumulate foreign assets as well as the central bank.

Others may feel the Canadian approach would be ineffective as it may not be seen as credibly binding the central bank's future decisions.

The IMF said the scrapping of the dollar peg would increase the central bank's flexibility to tighten monetary conditions.

One team of gunmen exchanged fire with police in an attempt to attack government ministries and the central bank before they were shot down.

The writer was governor of Argentina's central bank and director of the Centre for Central Banking Studies at the Bank of England.

The central bank this month told six banks to temporarily set aside larger reserves, according to three people with knowledge of the matter.

The European Central Bank sets interest across the 16-member euro zone but has no direct power over members states' fiscal policies.

"They [the central bank] can only fight against the economics for so long, " says one foreign exchange strategist.

The central bank could examine everything from the company's domestic parent to its smallest foreign subsidiary.

As it is she may have turned the Central Bank chief into a martyr for the cause of integrity in public policy.

Over the next two days, the European Central Bank will host a conference to discuss the role of money in monetary policymaking.

In raising rates, even at a time of such uncertainty, the European Central Bank has opted for the latter.

Monetary policy is usually administrated by a Government appointed "Central Bank" .

memories remain of how the German central bank's hardline stance on inflation exacerbated Europe's exchange rate turmoil of the early 1990s.

The country's central bank said the move was necessary to combat persistently high inflation.

The rate increase will be a disappointment to Indian business lobby groups that had been pushing the central bank to hold fire.

Monetary policy is usually administered by a Government appointed "central bank" .

Said Li Daokui , an academic economist who sits on the central bank's monetary-policy committee: 'This marks the beginning of a new era. '

President Obama has nominated Ben Bernanke for a second term as chairmen of the Federal Reserve, the United States central bank.

This tends to dampen movement in the IPCA, and encourages the Central Bank to be cautious.

Consequently, out of basis points and true to its dual mandate, the central bank has shifted from conventional to unconventional easing.

As the central bank of the appreciating currency, it is in a strong position to do so.

The person said the European Central Bank had indicated it would continue flying cash to the country as needed.

With inflation continuing to rise, it is hard to see how the central bank governor can avoid another interest rate rise.

The Bank of England and the European Central Bank are also set to hold policy meetings during the week.

The central bank said it would buy up to an additional seven hundred fifty billion dollars in mortgage-related securities.

The central bank is also sensitive to criticism that this summer it prematurely announced the end of Japan's debilitating era of deflation.

Central-bank 'independence is lost when monetary policy is tied to the wagon of fiscal policy and then loses control over prices, ' he said.

But China's central bank has other options available if it has decided that greater foreign exchange diversification is desirable.

The central bank, he said, could also buy more state bonds issued by other major economies and decrease holdings of US Treasury bills.

A senior Chinese central bank official held out little prospect of a more rapid appreciation of the Chinese currency against the U.

The increase in production was "to meet the needs of collectors" , the central bank said in a statement posted on its website.

Six years ago, China's central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said the country's corporate bond market was in a "deep coma" .

Sales of those instruments boomed, and the central bank eventually took over the regulation of bonds with longer maturities as well.

China's central bank was worried about soaring prices, which are the result of a rapidly growing economy.

The US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England are currently doing much more than working out this lesson.

The central bank played down the threat from deflation, a threat it had emphasised earlier this year.

There is no doubt that the central bank plays vital roles in assuring financial steadiness .

With the big exception of the European Central Bank, most have repeatedly postponed the moment at which monetary policy is tightened.

He said, Sihong has attracted attention of usury trend of central bank, has ordered the investigation group Jiangsu branch was.

The news that the Malaysian central bank has been quietly acquiring renminbi bonds is an important one of those steps.

Building up a fund at the European Central Bank, that can be drawn in the event of a Greek default, would be one option.

Any Central Bank, before issuing a certain note, takes a small quantity to be sent to other Central Banks around the globe.

The Bank of England and European Central Bank hold separate meetings, but both are likely to keep interest rates on hold.

In practice the central bank creates the money by crediting the accounts that banks hold with it, thus raising their reserves.

Just last month the Bank for International Settlements-the central bank of the world's central banks-weighed in with precisely this advice.

The central bank is trying to develop tools to prevent sharp currency appreciation, which could damage non-mining sectors.

Over the years, he said, 'we have become, I think, a very transparent central bank.

For the reasons discussed earlier, however, the challenge to the banking regulatory side of the central bank is likely to be rather greater.

King Abdullah has also changed the head of the Saudi central bank and made a string of appointments elsewhere in the judiciary.

The forint is not quite back to where it was before the financial crisis but the central bank has felt able to start cutting interest rates.

In fact, a deputy chief executive of the HKMA earns even more than a bureau secretary and a central bank governor of a major country.

But the European Central Bank is adamantly opposed to any form of restructuring; others are nervous, too.

The central bank "may need data announced that will support an increase in deposit rates, " he said.

The central bank is tightening regulation of loan-to-value ratios and trying to end easy credit.

In a sense, of course, only the central bank has enough firepower definitively to end the run on eurozone sovereign debt.

Other high-profile plans, such as labour-market reform and central-bank autonomy, seem to be off the agenda.

The Bank of Canada is Canada's central bank. The Bank of Canada is responsible for monetary policy, issuing bank notes, regulating etc.

That would make it easier for the central bank to reduce the money supply and control inflation.

NHK, the public broadcaster, said the central bank will decide on new measures at its meeting.

He said that central bank officials are sympathetic to his ideas and Mr. Yu's, but that they don't make the final call.

But with its move on Monday the central bank sent an ambiguous message, and then let the market take its own direction.

Last week the central bank kept its economic assessment unchanged and did not announce any further easing measures.

Without swift action from the European Central Bank, this will prove to be a contagion process with a disastrous end.

The central bank relaxed those quotas somewhat at the beginning of August but has now moved much more decisively to an easier policy.

No central bank wants to be put in that position, of course, and institutional arrangements have sprung up to prevent it.

It bears repeating: a central bank "is not a natural product of banking development, " as Vera Smith concluded in her well-known study.

As growth weakens across the world, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank must start loosening.

But this activity is financed by an increase in commercial-bank reserves, or liabilities, created by the central bank.

The idea of a stateless central bank running a currency beyond the bounds of a state has never looked stranger, or harder to sustain.

Even China's central bank seems to be incapable of influencing the market in the way it wants.

Although the central bank continues to cut interest rates and statutory reserve ratio, but the bank's capital has remained unmoved .

One of the primary responsibilities of a central bank is to maintain stability in the currency.

Yet Britain is now close to recession and unemployment is rising, suggesting limits to what a central bank can do.

Protecting central-bank capital is especially important in the euro area, which has no central fiscal authority.

A few weeks later, China's central bank called for a replacement to the US dollar as the international reserve currency.

When did the Bank of England become the official central bank of the United Kingdom?

They have been replaced by a central bank official as fears grew that the bank, which is dangerously short of cash, could fail.

The Chinese central bank governor had a good analogy. He said: 'Western medicine is different from Chinese medicine. '

The United States central bank, the Federal Reserves says it will keep interest rates close to zero for an extended period.

The central bank uses monetary policy including reserve requirement system to regulate the money supply of a country.

But better no ratings at all, perhaps, than those of a discredited oligopoly supported by a short-sighted central bank.

The central bank of Canada, another major commodity exporter, followed with its own increase in interest rates in June.

Both force the banks to hand the cash over to the Central Bank rather than lending it out.

In his unassuming whitewashed offices near the central bank, Geir Haarde, the prime minister, appears sympathetic to some of these concerns.

Creating a credible financial firewall has been a key demand by Mario Draghi, president of the European Central Bank.

Chinese central bank adviser Xia Bin said the plan amounted to "uncontrolled" money printing.

The central bank, with the backing of the U. S. Treasury, said it would make loans directly to companies in this market.

The Bank of Japan will announce its rate decision on Tuesday, while Norway's central bank will end a policy meeting on Wednesday.

"It's going to be a very messy legal situation, " the governor of the central bank said in November.

I would not be surprised if the central bank even made a profit from such an operation.

Arguably, the CIPS survey highlighted the central bank's dilemma, since it also showed a pick-up in price pressures.

Participating states established a common central bank but refused to surrender the right to tax their citizens to a common authority.

Until now, the only body to have kept Mr Orban at bay was the central bank.

The Bank of England, Britain's central bank, is responsible for the design and production of bank notes .

The financial regulator, the Central Bank, insists that routine audits showed the bank was in rude health.

The US central bank had discussed the possibility of buying Treasuries before, but had appeared to back away from the idea in recent weeks.

Central-bank independence and (supposedly) prudent budgetary management helped produce a vintage period of steady and rapid expansion.

Officer: Yes, actually from 1883, long before the Bank of England was the official central bank for Britain.

The central bank's monetary policy analysis group in a report that more funds have begun to flow to the central and western regions.

While the fund increase came as a surprise to some economists, some said the central bank could have done more.

To date, the British Government and the Central Bank's solvingmeasures cannot be used to explain the economics textbooks.

All this raises the possibility that the US central bank may have drawn the wrong lessons from Japan's lost decade.

On Nov. 23, Russia's central bank announced that it had bought 15. 6 metric tons of gold in October to add to its monetary assets.

The U. S. central bank is widely expected to announce a new program of quantitative easing, intended to prop up the economy.

Roisin O'Sullivan is an economics professor at Smith College in Massachusetts and a former economist at the Central Bank of Ireland.

China's central bank is likely to make more use of the existing trading band than it has in the past, she said.

European leaders, in particular, need to increase cooperation beyond the central-bank level, he said.

Short of that, the European Central Bank will have to continue buying Italian bonds.

Pressure on the central bank to revalue the yuan? Obviously part of an attempt to inflict a "Japan malaise" on China.

But by the day's end, the central bank had not followed up by raising lending rates.

the rate for the Vietnamese dong and the U. S. dollar in the inter-bank market, ' the central bank said in a statement.

India's central bank has raised interest rates six times since January in an attempt to tame double-digit inflation.

That was the first formal indication from the central bank that some Fed officials have begun to raise the prospect of new easing measures.

He believes the recent actions of the Fed, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England endorse his view.

It was then time to move on to the next task: a Central Bank for the United States.

He said that the central bank would maintain the "basic stability" of the currency.

The moves in the banking sector came ahead Thursday's interest rate decisions from the European Central Bank and the Bank of England.

Zhou Xiaochuan, China's central bank governor, told the IMF meeting the focus on currencies was one-sided.

He only insists that the central bank will "continue to let mutual funds raise money in an orderly manner" .

Fhe regulators from the eastern Caribbean central bank said there're actions which prevent the bank's collapse.

This was only partially reversed the next day after the central-bank effort.

Jan Lambregts, global head of financial markets research at Rabobank, says the central bank is also trying to slow lending.

But does his previous career, mostly as a government bureaucrat in the central bank, really equip him for the job?

In this system, the central bank must be able to convert all the currencies issued into gold.

However, under fixed XR, a bank run turns into a currency run if the Central Bank acts as a lender of last resort.

But in congressional testimony on Wednesday, central bank chairman Ben Bernanke played down the possibility of a government takeover.

Every quarter the EU, the IMF and the European Central Bank (ECB) scrutinise Greece before releasing the next chunk of money.

The European Central Bank's purchases of Spanish and Italian sovereign debt continue to take the air out of inflated bond yields.

Henceforth a foreign pension fund or central bank that once mindlessly ploughed his spare cash into Treasurys will have to think twice.

Additionally, Australia's central bank left interest rates steady for a fifth month, thwarting expectations of a hike.

When the economy overheated, the central bank was compelled to jack up interest rates higher than it would otherwise have had to.

The head of the Dutch central bank now regrets what he calls the "artificial stimulus" provided to the economy by the housing boom.

The U. S. central bank has cut the key interest rate in an effort to boost the troubled U. S. economy and stop a global sell-off of stocks.

S. central bank would make when it decides to drain some of the liquidity it pumped into the economy during the financial crisis.

The source of recessions turns out to be the alleged "protector" of the economy: the central bank itself.

He insisted it was not a bribe and that we could get a receipt from the Central Bank for the payment.

For that reason, many analysts dismiss the central bank's talk of a currency basket as, in fact, just talk.

One of the most frequently asked questions is whether the European Central Bank should follow the Fed into quantitative easing.

When financial markets break down completely a central bank has no choice but to take their place.