globalisation

Until now it had been widely assumed that globalisation was driven by the West and imposed on the rest.

Globalisation seems to have unified so much of the world against it, perhaps because there appear to be so many losers and so few winners.

To be sure, a clean and clear economic decoupling remains something of a fantasy given the pervasive forces of globalisation.

"They reflect that during such an era of globalisation, China must strengthen its national security system, " he said.

And, if it is, does it follow that globalisation has been a failure because its benefits have been pinched by the rich?

"If so, globalisation will not be a curse for employment in western Europe, it could instead turn out to be a blessing, " the report says.

However, back then, the world economy was also expanding fast and globalisation made it easy to conquer new markets.

Much of this hollowing out of the American workforce is down to technology, but some of it stems from globalisation.

Meanwhile, the fruits of globalisation mean that in many parts of the economy the competition is far more ferocious than it used to be.

Financial globalisation itself, they imply, ought to be seen not so much as a bad thing, but as too much of a good one.

These firms seem to have run out of energy to play the game of worldwide consolidation that accompanies globalisation of markets.

He might have changed his advice if he had lived to witness the current debate on globalisation.

But the title of his book is a bit odd: wasn't cross-border finance the last, rather disappointing, globalisation?

The fact that many workers seem to be excluded from the spoils of globalisation is a big challenge to orthodox economics.

But the death of distance will not be reversed and globalisation is no longer a philosophical abstraction to be argued over.

They too are trying to understand the consequences of globalisation.

For all that, economic globalisation is still running far ahead of its political counterpart.

The spread of atypical pneumonia is just one of a number of examples of how risk has spread across the world through globalisation.

In an era of globalisation, we became intoxicated with what cross-border linkages were able to deliver on the upside of a boom.

The huge advantage of such globalisation was that lenders no longer needed to be physically close to borrowers.

The recent recession, he said, was "the first crisis of globalisation" , and required global solutions.

All this makes it a testing ground for globalisation.

The net result was that the atmosphere around globalisation was poisoned on Capitol Hill without much actual trade being liberalised.

Sweden is one of the few rich European countries for which globalisation has been a benefit, not a threat.

Most of those who reclaimed Republican seats campaigned against free trade, globalisation and any sort of moderate immigration policy.

The absolute truth of this may be in dispute, but the very nature of globalisation brings with it risks to local economies.

It has been one of the most influential theories about exchange rates in the age of globalisation and it may be about to go up in smoke.

In an age of globalisation, global powers have to be economic titans.

Globalisation may be lifting millions of people out of absolute poverty, but it has also led to startling divergences in relative wealth.

It does not seem long since the opposite argument was in vogue and globalisation was the big new investment idea.

In contrast with previous anti-globalisation protests, many of the latest ones seem to have started spontaneously.

In retrospect, it would probably have been better for globalisation to have had it the other way round.

He was a perceptive analyst of the Asian crisis and has been a sharp, witty defender of globalisation.

All my politically correct posturing about the evils of globalisation, Nestle, Coca-cola and Doritos vanish and I'm buying what I can carry.

The Fed chairman said the current episode of globalisation had many similarities with past phases of international integration.

In an age of globalisation, Unilever's local bosses had become kings who took important strategic decisions autonomously.

But the current conjuncture is just a small test compared with what might happen if globalisation hits a really large bump in the road.

"The American Dream Initiative" is an attempt to make globalisation sound less scary by supplying cushions and ladders.

Some point to fears of globalisation, with which Doha is closely associated, as a factor behind the French 'No' vote.

But this special report will argue that it will bounce back, and that the key to its recovery lies in globalisation.

"The official position of the Chinese government at the moment is one of globalisation of the Chinese economy, " says Prof Nueno.

There is nothing to say that globalisation will continue indefinitely.

As long as globalisation was seen mainly as economic, Europeans felt as if everyone could win from it, argued Mr Van Rompuy.

Globalisation, then, has not been an impoverishing conspiracy by the rich against the poor.

Mr Summers was careful to say that the US remains committed to open trade and can gain from globalisation.

For a few years it seemed to be the capital not only of Britain but perhaps of the world too: the epicentre of globalisation.

Recent economic research has often found a greater link between globalisation and job losses.

That seems like a solid enough bet on globalisation, yet no US company is big enough to make it.

ONE of the features of globalisation in the past decade or so has been a high rate of global migration.

"China is a symbol of what Italians dislike about globalisation, " she said.

In this year's Global Economic Prospects report, the World Bank explores possible scenarios for the next 25 years of globalisation.

THE word "globalisation" usually conjures up images of globe-spanning companies and distance-destroying technologies.

Some people argue that China is now too enmeshed in globalisation to put the world economy in jeopardy through war or coercion.

World Englishes deals with this inescapable result of colonisation and globalisation from a social and linguistic perspective.

Works extolling the late Chinese leader, damning capitalism and attacking globalisation are laid out on shelves.

The pattern of globalisation has changed and, with it, the strategies that governments might follow.

As we are all aware, financial market behaviour is never easy to predict and it has become increasingly less so with globalisation.

Economic globalisation continues to evolve, but at the cost of a yawning gap between the North and the South.

So the key issue then becomes: "What sort of globalisation do we want and how do we work towards it? "

"There is a legitimate conversation to be had about globalisation, " he said.

The OECD wants to convert itself from a rich countries' club into a "globalisation hub" , gradually absorbing more countries.

In short, the things financial globalisation strengthens are also the things a country needs to have in place in order to benefit from it.

Until the industry that helped bring about globalisation is allowed to globalise itself, flying will remain troublesome and dirty.

This, climate change, species extinction and the recent collapse of financial institutions are the result of globalisation.

The general reduction in the numbers of the very poor weakens the perceived link between globalisation and inequality.

Globalisation was not supposed to work like this: the rich get poorer, while the poor get poorer still.

Across the world, if not within nations, globalisation can be claimed to be making people more equal, not less.

Mr Miliband dreams that globalisation can at least be channelled for the best.

In the age of globalisation, Brazilians are finding out that even their national symbol is not immune to China's exports.

The West hopes that wealth, globalisation and political integration will turn China into a gentle giant, a panda rather than a dragon.

He thinks globalisation must stop, and that as much trade as possible should be conducted by boat, to conserve whatever oil remains.

"It is all part of globalisation, " says one regulator.

The rumours of globalisation's death that circulated in the aftermath turned out to be highly exaggerated.

"Corruption has destroyed the home territory and is using globalisation to go around the world, " says Mr Hill.

But the globalisation argument looks more like an ex-post justification than an actual explanation.

Globalisation needs to be stopped and a new emphasis placed on local trade and local production for local needs.

The sense that the poor have lost out as a result of globalisation has grown with the rise in world food prices.

Technology and globalisation are remaking labour markets across the rich world, to the relative detriment of the lower-skilled.

It is hard, the magazine says, to see a clear connection between globalisation and increased profits.

But the benefits of financial globalisation must not be ignored. Financial risks are to be managed not avoided.

Globalisation of capital markets led to the convergence of institutional arrangements around the world.

IBM's approach is possible only because globalisation is flourishing.

What, then, is likely to be the impact of the current wave of globalisation on trade and production in the high-income countries?

One of the main reasons why globalisation presents an opportunity is to broaden the client base.

After all, globalisation is unstoppable: so what if a few technocrats in Switzerland packed up their briefcases and went home?

The main beneficiaries of globalisation have been consumers in richer nations, who have enjoyed a steady flow of cheap goods.

For Chinese companies, engagements are most likely to be linked to growth via international expansion and globalisation.

The nineties had been the era of the second golden age of globalisation, somewhat akin to the 1880s.

The last great era of globalisation was brought to an end by an assassin's bullet in Sarajevo in 1914.

As globalisation has advanced, it has become easier to move some of these tasks offshore.

[color=#333333][font=Tahoma]IBM's approach is possible only because globalisation is flourishing.

Globalisation is leading not just to the convergence of our economies, but to the growth of a global social conscience.

reform is never easy . globalisation will continue to introduce unforeseen factors beyond our control . we shall just have to do our best.

More uncertainty in financial markets, greater fragmentation of capital markets, and a marked reversal in globalisation.

He admits the "imperative of rapid globalisation has forced me to conduct my responsibilities far differently than my predecessors" .

Given the rise of the emerging world, should the developed world limit the globalisation of its own economies?

But it is already clear that, even in the absence of a calamity, the direction of globalisation will change.

But an economy that gains from globalisation can more easily find the money to pay for it all.

Historians will interpret the period we are living in as the transition from the economic phase of globalisation to its political phase.

Globalisation in 2011 may look like an orphaned cause, as governments put domestic concerns over global growth.

But this technical change, which proceeds like a tsunami, has nothing to do with globalisation.

This is not to say that ending the present era of globalisation would be impossible.

The fact that both parties are happy to portray China as the bogeyman of globalisation creates an impression of uniform hostility.

We will have to rethink the basis of finance, we will need to understand how to adjust globalisation to a more regulated world.

It is trying to forge post-American globalisation.

From there he was an early observer and commentator on the phenomenon of globalisation.

By the 1990s, it was at the forefront of efforts to give globalisation "a more human face" , he argues.

My longtime slogan, coined before the word "globalisation" was invented, has been: "Redistribution yes, equality no. "

Like China Wonder, as described in this column last month, it looks like an example of globalisation on a minor scale.

SA is possibly the only speaker brand that has embraced globalisation in such an ambitious way.

Bipartisan co-operation in Congress has collapsed across a range of subjects; policy towards globalisation is no exception.

Companies have made enormous gains through globalisation, which in many countries has meant that profits have risen as a share of GDP.

Moreover, globalisation has meant that the financiers' ties to a "home town" are not as clear as they once were.

The remedy is education, which will put marginalised societies on an equal footing with the West in deriving the benefits of globalisation.

In 1968, before the word "globalisation" or the internet were even invented, there were student rebellions around the world.

But globalisation is placing fresh demands on even the best -established brands, and that could cause old strategies to fail.

They were the gurus of the age of globalisation.

The tensions, of course, do not apply solely to financial markets or indeed to economics. They are inherent in globalisation.

Small countries which went into businesses that grew in globalisation's wake, like tourism, are also suffering.

Owing to the globalisation of capital under neo-liberalism, the ruling class recognises that the solution must be global.

The march of globalisation and the power shift eastwards underline the point.

We learned at the beginning of the 20th century that globalisation offers no guarantee against war.

Governments in many emerging economies concluded that in an era of financial globalisation safety lay in piling up huge reserves.

However, financial instability is but one of the challenges that globalisation brings.

It is an irony of globalisation, which the west has thought of so long as its own invention, that now China is the great beneficiary.

Its foreign policy, much like its welfare state, was obliged to face up to the consequences of globalisation.

was not to try and turn back the tide of globalisation but to ensure employment opportunities were made more widely available.

The global monetary order that has emerged since the 1970s is now globalisation's greatest source of vulnerability.

As the jobless ranks swell around the world in coming months, the backlash against globalisation will grow.

The globalisation that has uncorked opportunity for millions in the developing world has also served the interests of a global elite.

Globalisation is also pushing up the already exorbitant cost of business education.

"It also fuels populist, protectionist and anti-globalisation sentiments. . . Ignoring increasing inequality is not an option, " he added.

This special report will show that the globalisation of banking, which has driven the industry for two decades, is in many ways on hold.

Some of China's post-crisis objectives represent a more explicit challenge to US leadership of globalisation.

it also chimes well with the visceral opposition to American foreign policy, and to globalisation, that exists in many parts of the world.

The OECD encourages governments to rethink their policies in the light of globalisation and the information economy.

But decades would be exactly right for a phenomenon like globalisation.

In properly functioning markets, globalisation drives prices down thanks to the way it pushes up the potential supply of goods and services.

The recent emergence of infectious diseases appears to be driven by globalisation and ecological disruption.

They conclude that, although financial globalisation has big costs, these can be minimised and potential gains increased by better policy.

The combination of globalisation and rising wealth is proving to be a bonanza for both religions.

Globalisation is not a zero-sum game: Mexicans, Koreans and Poles are not growing at the expense of Americans, Japanese and Germans.

The author regards with distaste the pell-mell enthusiasm for globalisation, and casino capitalism that marked the last decade.

For globalisation to benefit economies, resources must be reallocated towards higher-value-added goods and services.

I wonder whether Davos itself might not become the next victim of the globalisation crisis.

If the argument is lost in any of the major world economies, the political consensus that underpins globalisation could unravel.

Globalisation's cheerleaders will thus face an increasingly hard time, as the boom in Asia is seen to come at the expense of jobs elsewhere.

Hence, the view that "to be for or against globalisation is in some ways like being for or against the weather. "

First, globalisation means that there are more powerful international actors whose interests need to be taken into account.

The Great Recession has begun to undermine the US's acceptance of globalisation.

The emergence of new technologies, allied to the globalisation of the world economy, gave another dimension to this argument.

Businesses continue to believe that globalisation poses more of a threat than an opportunity.

Cities have assumed increasing importance in inter-state and inter-region competition in an era of economic globalisation.

Too many voters now believe that the credit crunch has proved that globalisation is bad for you.

The aim of this new structure would be "the management of globalisation" .

However, the net-driven globalisation of English will tend to enhance the worldwide significance of a net dictionary.

On globalisation, he swipes at what he calls the "win-win mantra" of rigidly applying Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage.

This news is bad enough in itself; but it also poses the biggest threat to open markets in the modern era of globalisation.

But the network has largely disappeared, thanks to globalisation and a decline in the army's role in society, says a Swiss banker.

Globalisation has also fostered the communications networks that allow ideas and images of revolt to skip around the world.

Although not every country has benefited from globalisation as much as the US has, the dynamic has tended to be similar.

Globalisation's future is more fragile than you know.

The US alone can persuade rising states that the mutual interests and threats of globalisation need agreed rules of the road.

Globalisation is speeding up the process by boosting the demand for agricultural goods produced in tropical countries.

Most are a gesture of defiance against globalisation by encouraging local commerce rather than a rigorous economic experiment.

It discusses climate change, trafficking of people, guns and drugs and other aspects of the "dark side of globalisation" .

The spread of sympathy protests over what began as a local Greek issue has big implications for the more formal anti-globalisation movement.

Third, core measures tend to stress the disinflationary supply-side of globalisation, but play down the inflationary pressures on demand.

For two decades the prosperity that flowed from globalisation, albeit often unevenly distributed, seemed to assure its forward momentum.

"Culture is the number one barrier to an organisation's ability to profit from globalisation, but also the number one enabler, " she said.

"Despite intensified globalisation, the invisible wall of the cold war era still looms between the west and the east, " it said.

In the form of French fries, served alongside burgers and Coca-Cola, potatoes are now an icon of globalisation.

Globalisation means that increasing numbers of business travellers are regularly visiting ever-more distant destinations, especially China.

"Globalisation" involves the erosion of national barriers to the free flow of goods, capital and people.

The failings of the financial system have been the strongest argument against globalisation and the capitalist system.

Patterns of lads. Mental disorder could be a sensible marker of societies mental health on the show of globalisation.

Yet it is not simply envy and resentment about money that drags the corporate world into the centre of the debate about globalisation.

Broadly, emerging economies are also seeing a freer flow of capital, thanks to globalisation as much as to the removal of restrictions.

With less energy to fuel globalisation and mechanisation there should be increasing requirement for local production and manual labour.

Places that have thrived as gateways for globalisation, like Singapore, are facing particularly harsh recessions.

A third might be a backlash against globalisation among people in rich countries.

Helping poorer countries catch up has long been among the benefits touted for globalisation.

Mr Jiang's anxiety encapsulates the increasing interaction between globalisation, demographics, agriculture and food security.

As contagion spread from Asia to Russia, Brazil and a large US hedge fund, the turmoil was dubbed the first crisis of modern globalisation.

The losing of cultural and regional identity to globalisation and westernization has eroded the meanings of our cities and places.

The real surprise was the strong first-round performance of Arnaud Montebourg, a far-left candidate who calls for "de-globalisation" .

The current phase of globalisation was generated by the west, to be sure, but now we may witness the Asianisation of globalisation.

The momentum behind globalisation is considerable; but pushing trade barriers lower depends on political will.

In "The Great Brain Race" Ben Wildavsky points to another mighty agent of globalisation: universities.

Globalisation, however, is not an unique selling point any more, as other universities are catching up.

In an era of globalisation and international travel, isn't it time we ditched these stale old prejudices about Chinese food?

Globalisation is the more or less simultaneous marketing and sale | of identical goods and services around the world.

Globalisation is at the root of the past decade's unprecedented surge in world economic activity.

Indeed, "globalisation" under inappropriate rules and policies has contributed significantly to the current crisis.

Mr Chanda makes a solid and attractive case for globalisation and its potential as a force for good.

Globalisation might pause briefly in 2011, but it cannot be reversed when many billions of Indians and Chinese want it.

Globalisation is now held to be almost a self-evident good.

Yes. The globalisation of our business is the single greatest strategic trend that we're experiencing today.

Globalisation and competition from lower-cost countries had placed the old idea of nurturing local communities under great stress.

This public debate has taken for granted that inequality in these countries has risen as a result of globalisation.

Doubtless mindful of this, the IMF boss has talked in recent speeches about globalisation's "dark side" and the need for social inclusion.

Apologists for globalisation, he argues, treat it as a source of benefits, and only accidentally and incidentally a source of harms.

By accident, the world has found a way to make the crisis-prone world of financial globalisation work.

Emerging markets heeded Martin Feldstein's advice and took out an insurance policy against the vagaries of financial globalisation.

Globalisation allowed the US to suck up the savings of the rest of the world and consume more than it produced.

What defines the anti-globalisation radicals, by contrast, is an extraordinary lack of faith in human beings.

The Business Roundtable, whose members are typically big, internationally-oriented firms, is gung-ho for globalisation.

Economic globalisation has not led to moral globalisation.

Globalisation, the economic and political mega-trend of the past three decades, is still firmly in place.

With French workers in a funk about globalisation, Mr Bayrou has joined those accusing China of undervaluing its currency.

Diplomats have run smack up against one of the paradoxes of globalisation.

And China is largely telling a story about itself, being merely the great beneficiary of western globalisation.

However, while globalisation gets steadily less popular in the US, other parts of the world are moving ahead.

China is fast becoming an energetic laboratory for economic growth, scientific research, social development and globalisation.

As then, we are again in the grip of a revolution, or possibly two: a technological revolution accompanied by globalisation.

But, despite all the soul-searching, most of globalisation's critics are looking at reform, not revolution.

So entrenched is the anti-globalisation that informs her world view, she would be tough to dissuade.

The rich doubly benefit: by the underlying market forces of globalisation and by their governments' policy response.

The increasing globalisation of our markets also means that we must enhance the comparability of foreign company financial statements.

The speed and scope of today's crisis threatens to reverse globalisation and cause a great depression along the way.

A failure of Doha would strengthen those who want to turn their backs on globalisation and retreat into protectionism.

The Panglossian view of globalisation, that it would automatically benefit all, has impeded the ability to address its failures.

Globalisation has made binational marriages, once exotic, much more common among high-earning, highly mobile families.

Above all, it called for politicians and journalists to foster a well-informed discussion of the benefits and costs of globalisation.

Mr Mishkin argues that globalisation itself stimulates the reforms needed to make it work.

Havel is, however, disappointed that ex-communist societies have followed the west in embracing globalisation and rampant consumerism.

RICH countries have democratic governments, so continued support for globalisation will depend on how prosperous the average worker feels.

Globalisation. The princes of the business world have been spreading their affairs more widely than ever before.

It is one thing for political leaders to agree that safeguarding globalisation requires more coherent international governance.

Emerging markets' trade problems have been worsened by shifts in capital flows, globalisation's second big plank.

Globalisation may, however, explain some of the changes at the very top of the scale.

It is not the outsourcing of well-paid jobs; or the inflow of cheap goods: it is the globalisation of western patterns of consumption.

While western politicians routinely worry about globalisation, they have yet to focus on a more plausible threat.

Globalisation is one reason why European wage demands have been so restrained in recent years.

Hostility to globalisation in the developed world is likely to grow as emerging giants disrupt one product market after another.

Can it be that globalisation has reduced the bargaining ability of workers and thus put a downward pressure on wages?

All over the world there is competition for talent to meet the challenges of globalisation.

Many economists contest Mr Greenspan's version of the relationship between globalisation and inflation.

An open, flexible, competitive EU offers Europeans the best chance of confronting globalisation.

Globalisation has helped hundreds of millions from poverty and provided businesses with the possibility to invest and expand abroad.

Objectives: Women's mental health could be a sensitive indicator in the erra of globalisation.

Third, parties of the centre-left should argue for redistributing the spoils of globalisation, not sacrificing them.

but then globalisation meant the paper was also made abroad, and increasingly the printing took place overseas.

Looking back, we can see that we hit peak globalisation, the outer limits of an economic system dependent on fossil fuels.

In the US and UK, the shattered narrative was of globalisation without tears, boom with no bust, regulatory perfection.

They point out that globalisation-driven growth has gone hand in hand with a growth in inequality.

In his far-sighted stance are the first stirrings of globalisation, the start of the spread of general prosperity based on free trade.

Though he is the only candidate who has dropped bombs on foreigners, Mr McCain is also the only one who embraces globalisation.

Fittingly for a beneficiary of globalisation, China's biggest threat is external.

More controversially, governments may need to redistribute the benefits of globalisation more fairly through the tax and benefits system.