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单词 strain
释义
noun
verb
🔑 strainBrE /streɪn/NAmE /streɪn/ noun➤worry/anxiety 担忧；焦虑🔑 [U, C] pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage, or sth very difficult to deal with; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces 压力；重负；重压之下出现的问题（或担忧等）◆Their marriage is under great strain at the moment. 眼下他们的婚姻关系非常紧张。◆These repayments are putting a strain on our finances. 偿还这些债务对我们的财务状况形成了压力。◆Relax, and let us take the strain (= do things for you). 你歇一下，我们来顶一会儿。◆The transport service cannot cope with the strain of so many additional passengers. 运输部门无法应对增加这么多乘客所带来的紧张局面。◆You will learn to cope with the stresses and strains of public life. 你要学会应付公众人物生活的紧张和辛劳。◆I found it a strain having to concentrate for so long. 我觉得这么长时间全神贯注挺累的。pressurestress ⬥ tension ⬥ strain

These are all words for the feelings of anxiety caused by the problems in sb's life. 以上各词均指生活上的心理压力、精神紧张。

  • pressure difficulties and feelings of anxiety that are caused by the need to achieve sth or to behave in a particular way 指为达到某一目标或有某种行为表现而产生的心理压力、紧张：◆She was unable to attend because of the pressures of work. 由于工作紧张，她不能出席。
  • stress pressure or anxiety caused by the problems in sb's life 指因生活问题引起的精神压力、心理负担、紧张：◆stress-related illnesses 与精神压力有关的疾病

pressure or stress? 用 pressure 还是 stress？

It is common to say that sb is suffering from stress, while pressure may be the thing that causes stress. 承受精神压力常用 suffer from stress，而 pressure 可指造成压力 (stress) 的事物。

  • tension a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax 指情绪上的紧张、烦躁：◆nervous tension 神经紧张
  • strain pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces 指压力、重负、重压之下出现的问题、担忧：◆I found it a strain looking after four children. 我觉得照料四个孩子挺累的。

Patterns

  • to be under pressure/stress/strain
  • considerable pressure/stress/tension/strain
  • to cause stress/tension/strain
  • to cope with the pressure/stress/tension/strain
  • to relieve/release the pressure/stress/tension/strain
  • to be suffering from stress/tension
➤physical pressure 物理压力🔑 [U, C] the pressure that is put on sth when a physical force stretches, pushes, or pulls it 压力；拉力；张力；应力◆The rope broke under the strain. 绳子给拉断了。◆You should try not to place too much strain on muscles and joints. 你要尽量不让肌肉和关节太吃力。◆The ground here cannot take the strain of a large building. 这块地承受不住大型建筑的压力。◆The cable has a 140kg breaking strain (= it will break when it is stretched or pulled by a force greater than this). 这种缆索的断裂应变力为 140 千克。➤injury 损伤 [C, U] an injury to a part of your body, such as a muscle, that is caused by using it too much or by twisting it 劳损；拉伤；扭伤◆a calf/groin/leg strain 腿肚子/腹股沟/腿部拉伤◆muscle strain 肌肉劳损➤type of plant/animal/disease 动植物/疾病种类 [C] a particular type of plant or animal, or of a disease caused by bacteria, etc. （动、植物的）系，品系，品种；（疾病的）类型◆a new strain of mosquitoes resistant to the poison 对这种毒药有抗药性的新品种蚊子◆This is only one of the many strains of the disease. 这种病有许多类型，这只是其中之一。➤in sb's character 性格 [C, usually sing.] a particular tendency in the character of a person or group, or a quality in their manner 个性特点；性格倾向；禀性 SYN streak ◆He had a definite strain of snobbery in him. 他这个人明显有一股势利小人的气味。➤of music 音乐 [C, usually pl.] (formal) the sound of music being played or sung 乐曲；曲调；旋律◆She could hear the strains of Mozart through the window. 她听见从窗户飘出的莫扎特的旋律。
🔑 strainBrE /streɪn/NAmE /streɪn/ verbpresent simple - I / you / we / they strain BrE /streɪn/ NAmE /streɪn/present simple - he / she / it strains BrE /streɪnz/ NAmE /streɪnz/past simple strained BrE /streɪnd/ NAmE /streɪnd/past participle strained BrE /streɪnd/ NAmE /streɪnd/ -ing form straining BrE /ˈstreɪnɪŋ/ NAmE /ˈstreɪnɪŋ/➤injure 损伤 [T] ~ sth/yourselfto injure yourself or part of your body by making it work too hard 损伤；拉伤；扭伤◆to strain a muscle 拉伤肌肉injurewound ⬥ hurt ⬥ bruise ⬥ sprain ⬥ pull ⬥ strain

These words all mean to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident. 以上各词主要指在事故中伤害、使受伤。

  • injure to harm yourself or sb else physically, especially in an accident 尤指在事故中伤害、使受伤：◆He injured his knee playing hockey. 他打曲棍球时膝盖受了伤。◆Three people were injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人受伤。
  • wound [often passive] (rather formal) to injure part of the body, especially by making a hole in the skin using a weapon 指使身体受伤，尤指用武器伤害：◆50 people were seriously wounded in the attack. 这次攻击中有 50 人受重伤。 NOTE Wound is often used to talk about people being hurt in war or in other attacks which affect a lot of people. * wound 常指在战争中或在波及许多人的其他攻击中受伤。
  • hurt to cause physical pain to sb/yourself; to injure sb/yourself 指（使）疼痛、受伤：◆Did you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？

injure or hurt? 用 injure 还是 hurt？

You can hurt or injure a part of the body in an accident. Hurt emphasizes the physical pain caused; injure emphasizes that the part of the body has been damaged in some way. 在事故中身体受伤可用 hurt 或 injure，hurt 强调引起的身体疼痛，injure 强调身体部位受到某种程度的损伤。

  • bruise to make a blue, brown or purple mark (= a bruise) appear on the skin after sb has fallen or been hit; to develop a bruise 指摔伤、撞伤、（使）出现瘀伤
  • sprain to injure part of your body, especially your ankle, wrist or knee, by suddenly bending it in an awkward way, causing pain and swelling 指扭伤（踝、腕、膝）
  • pull to damage a muscle, etc., by using too much force 指拉伤、扭伤（肌肉等）
  • strain to injure yourself or part of your body by making it work too hard 指损伤、拉伤、扭伤：◆Don't strain your eyes by reading in poor light. 别在光线不足的地方看书把眼睛给伤了。

Patterns

  • to injure/hurt/strain yourself
  • to injure/hurt/sprain/pull/strain a muscle
  • to injure/hurt/sprain your ankle/foot/knee/wrist/hand
  • to injure/hurt/strain your back/shoulder/eyes
  • to injure/hurt your spine/neck
  • to be badly/severely/slightly injured/wounded/hurt/bruised/sprained
Injuries 身体损伤

Being injured 受伤

  • have a fall/an injury 跌了一跤；受伤
  • receive/suffer/sustain a serious injury/a hairline fracture/ (especially BrE) whiplash/a gunshot wound 受重伤/轻微骨裂/鞭伤/枪伤
  • hurt/injure your ankle/back/leg 伤到脚踝/背/大腿
  • damage the brain/an ankle ligament/your liver/the optic nerve/the skin 损伤大脑/脚踝韧带/肝脏/视神经/皮肤
  • pull/strain/tear a hamstring/ligament/muscle/tendon 拉伤腘绳肌腱/韧带/肌肉/肌腱
  • sprain/twist your ankle/wrist 扭伤脚踝/手腕
  • break a bone/your collarbone/your leg/three ribs 骨折；锁骨/大腿/三根肋骨骨折
  • fracture/crack your skull 头盖骨破裂
  • break/chip/knock out/lose a tooth 碰断了一颗牙；使牙齿崩缺了一块；磕掉/掉了一颗牙
  • burst/perforate your eardrum 使耳膜破裂；鼓膜穿孔
  • dislocate your finger/hip/jaw/shoulder 使手指/臀部/下巴/肩膀脱臼
  • bruise/cut/graze your arm/knee/shoulder 擦伤/割破/擦破手臂/膝盖/肩膀
  • burn/scald yourself/your tongue 烧伤/烫伤自己/舌头
  • bang/bump/hit/ (informal) bash your elbow/head/knee (on/against sth) （在某物上）撞到肘部/头/膝盖

Treating injuries 治疗伤病

  • treat sb for burns/a head injury/a stab wound 给某人治疗烧伤/头部伤/刺伤
  • examine/clean/dress/bandage/treat a bullet wound 检查/清洗/包扎/用绷带包扎/治疗枪伤
  • repair a damaged/torn ligament/tendon/cartilage 修复损伤的/拉伤的韧带/肌腱/软骨
  • amputate/cut off an arm/a finger/a foot/a leg/a limb 截去一只胳膊/一根手指/一只脚/一条腿；截肢
  • put on/ (formal) apply/take off (especially NAmE) a Band-Aid™/ (BrE) a plaster/a bandage 贴上/使用/撕掉创可贴；缠上/使用/解掉绷带
  • need/require/put in/ (especially BrE) have (out)/ (NAmE) get (out) stitches 需要缝针；缝针；拆线
  • put on/rub on/ (formal) apply cream/ointment/lotion 涂抹护肤霜/药膏/护肤液
  • have/receive/undergo (BrE) physiotherapy/ (NAmE) physical therapy 接受物理疗法
➤make effort 尽力 [T, I] to make an effort to do sth, using all your mental or physical strength 尽力；竭力；使劲◆~ sth to do sthI strained my ears (= listened very hard) to catch what they were saying. 我竖起耳朵去听他们在说些什么。◆~ sthNecks were strained for a glimpse of the stranger. 大家伸长了脖子想看一看这个陌生人。◆~ to do sthPeople were straining to see what was going on. 人们翘首企足看发生了什么事。◆~ (sth) (for sth) He burst to the surface, straining for air. 他冲出水面，使劲吸气。◆Bend gently to the left without straining. 轻轻向左弯，不要用力。➤stretch to limit 使达到极限 [T] ~ sthto try to make sth do more than it is able to do 过度使用；使不堪承受◆The sudden influx of visitors is straining hotels in the town to the limit. 游客突然涌入，城里的旅馆全都爆满。◆His constant complaints were straining our patience. 他没完没了的抱怨让我们忍无可忍。◆The dispute has strained relations between the two countries (= made them difficult). 这场争端使两国关系紧张起来。➤push/pull hard 用力推/拉 [I] + adv./prep. to push hard against sth; to pull hard on sth 用力推（或拉）；拉紧◆She strained against the ropes that held her. 她使劲挣了挣拴着她的绳子。◆The dogs were straining at the leash, eager to get to the park. 几条狗用力拽着皮带，急于要去公园。➤separate solid from liquid 过滤 [T] to pour food, etc. through sth with very small holes in it, for example a sieve, in order to separate the solid part from the liquid part 滤；过滤◆~ sthUse a colander to strain the vegetables. 把蔬菜放在漏筐里控控水。◆~ sth offStrain off any excess liquid. 滤掉多余的液体。●strain at the ˈleash(informal) to want to do sth very much 急于；迫不及待◆Like all youngsters, he's straining at the leash to leave home. 跟所有年轻人一样，他也急于离开家生活。●strain every ˈnerve/ˈsinew (to do sth)(formal) to try as hard as you can to do sth 竭尽全力（做某事）●ˌcreak under the ˈstrainif a system or service creaks under the strain, it cannot deal effectively with all the things it is expected to do or provide 因负担过重而效率低下；由于压力过大而运转不灵
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更新时间：2025/2/9 11:42:23