| 释义 |
🔑 lifeBrE /laɪf/NAmE /laɪf/ noun (lives BrE /laɪvz/ NAmE /laɪvz/ ) ➤state of living 生存状态🔑 [U] the ability to breathe, grow, reproduce, etc. which people, animals and plants have before they die and which objects do not have 生命◆life and death 生与死◆The body was cold and showed no signs of life. 那躯体冰凉，显现不出有生命的迹象。◆My father died last year—I wish I could bring him back to life. 去年我父亲逝世了，我要是能使他起死回生该多好啊。◆In spring the countryside bursts into life. 乡村在春天生机盎然。🔑 [U, C] the state of being alive as a human; an individual person's existence 人命；性命；人的存活◆The floods caused a massive loss of life (= many people were killed). 洪水造成许多人丧生。◆He risked his life to save his daughter from the fire. 他冒着生命危险从火中救出他的女儿。◆Hundreds of lives were threatened when the building collapsed. 数百条性命在大楼垮塌时受到了威胁。◆The operation saved her life. 手术挽救了她的生命。◆My grandfather lost his life (= was killed) in the war. 我的祖父在战争中丧生。◆Several attempts have been made on the President's life (= several people have tried to kill him). 已有数人试图谋杀总统。➤living things 生物🔑 [U] living things 生物；活物◆plant/animal life 植物；动物◆marine/pond life 海洋/池塘生物◆Is there intelligent life on other planets? 在其他星球上存在具有智力的生命吗？The living world 生物界Animals 动物- animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on sth) 动物交配/繁育/繁殖/以…为食
- fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs) 鱼/两栖动物游动/产卵
- birds fly/migrate/nest/sing 鸟飞翔/迁徙/筑巢/啼叫
- insects crawl/fly/bite/sting 昆虫爬/飞/咬/叮
- insects/bees/locusts swarm 昆虫/蜜蜂/蝗虫成群地飞来飞去
- bees collect/gather nectar/pollen 蜜蜂采蜜/花粉
- spiders spin/weave a web 蜘蛛结网/织网
- snakes/lizards shed their skins 蛇/蜥蜴蜕皮
- bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate 熊/刺猬/青蛙冬眠
- insect larvae grow/develop/pupate 昆虫的幼虫生长/发育/化蛹
- an egg/a chick/a larva hatches 卵孵化；小鸡出壳；幼虫孵出
- attract/find/choose a mate 吸引/找到/选择配偶
- produce/release eggs/sperm 产卵；排卵；产生/释放精子
- lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs 产卵；使卵受精；孵卵
- inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast 栖居于森林/礁石/海岸
- mark/enter/defend (a) territory 标出/进入/保卫领地
- stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey 悄悄接近/猎杀/捕获/杀死猎物
Plants and fungi 植物和真菌- trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower 树木/植物生长/开花
- a seed germinates/sprouts 种子发芽
- leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form 叶子/花蕾/根茎/幼苗长出来/长大/成形
- flower buds swell/open 花蕾含苞欲放/绽放
- a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes sth 菌类生长/扩散/长满…
- pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant 给花/植物授粉
- produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores 长出/传播花粉/种子/孢子
- produce/bear fruit 结果
- develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves 长出根茎/嫩芽/叶子
- provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients 提供/吸收/提取/释放营养物
- perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis 进行/增加/减少光合作用
Bacteria and viruses 细菌和病毒- bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply 细菌/微生物/病毒生长/扩散/繁殖
- bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on sth 细菌/微生物在…中存活/大量生长
- bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize sth/cause disease 细菌/微生物/病毒进化/长满…/引发疾病
- bacteria break sth down/convert sth (into sth) 细菌（将某物）分解/转化（成某物）
- a virus enters/invades sth/the body 病毒进入/侵入某物/身体
- a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself) 病毒变异/演化/（自我）复制
- be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria 感染上/接触到一种新病毒/抗药性细菌
- contain/carry/harbour/ (
especially US) harbor bacteria/a virus 带有细菌/病毒 - kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria 杀灭有害的/致命的细菌
➤period of time 时期🔑 [C, U] the period between sb's birth and their death; a part of this period 一生；终身；寿命；一生中的部分时间◆He's lived here all his life. 他在这里住了一辈子了。◆I've lived in England for most of my life. 我大半生都住在英格兰。◆to have a long/short life 寿命长；寿命短◆He became very weak towards the end of his life. 他临终时很虚弱。◆Brenda took up tennis late in life. 布伦达在晚年打起网球来了。◆He will spend the rest of his life (= until he dies) in a wheelchair. 他将在轮椅上度过他的余生。◆There's no such thing as a job for life any longer. 不会再有像终身职位这样的事了。◆She is a life member of the club. 她是这个俱乐部的终身会员。◆in early/adult life 幼年；成年 ➡ see also change of life 🔑 [C] () a period of sb's life when they are in a particular situation or job （某情景或工作的）一段生活经历◆She has been an accountant all her working life. 她在整个职业生涯中一直是会计师。◆He met a lot of interesting people during his life as a student. 他在学生时代接触过许多有趣的人。◆They were very happy throughout their married life. 他们婚后生活一直很幸福。🔑 [C] the period of time when sth exists or functions 存在期；（某物的）寿命；有效期◆The International Stock Exchange started life as a London coffee shop. 国际证券交易所起初就是伦敦的一家咖啡馆。◆They could see that the company had a limited life (= it was going to close). 他们意识到公司的寿命不长了。◆In Italy the average life of a government is eleven months. 意大利每届政府的平均寿命是十一个月。 ➡ see also shelf life ➤punishment 惩罚 [U] the punishment of being sent to prison for life; life imprisonment 无期徒刑；终身监禁◆The judge gave him life. 法官判他无期徒刑。➤experience/activities 经历；活动🔑 [U] the experience and activities that are typical of all people's existences 生活经历◆the worries of everyday life 日常生活中的操心事◆He is young and has little experience of life. 他年轻，不谙世事。◆Commuting is a part of daily life for many people. 乘车上下班是许多人日常生活的一部分。◆Jill wants to travel and see life for herself. 吉尔想出去旅行，亲身体验一下生活。◆We bought a dishwasher to make life easier. 为使生活轻松些我们买了一台洗碗机。◆In London life can be hard. 在伦敦生活会很艰苦。◆In real life (= when she met him) he wasn't how she had imagined him at all. 一见面才发现他完全不是她所想象的那样。◆Life isn't like in the movies, you know. 你知道，生活不像在电影里那样。🔑 [U, C] the activities and experiences that are typical of a particular way of living （某种方式的）生活◆country/city life 乡村/城市生活◆She enjoyed political life. 她喜欢政治生活。◆family/married life 家庭/婚姻生活◆How do you find life in Japan? 你觉得日本的生活如何？🔑 [C] a person's experiences during their life; the activities that form a particular part of a person's life 个人生活；个人经历；个人生活某一方面的活动◆He has had a good life. 他一直过着优裕的生活。◆a hard/an easy life 艰难/安逸舒适的生活◆My day-to-day life is not very exciting. 我的日常生活很平淡。◆a life of luxury 奢侈的生活◆Her daily life involved meeting lots of people. 她在日常生活中要接触很多人。◆Many of these children have led very sheltered lives (= they have not had many different experiences). 这些儿童中很多人都是温室里的花朵。◆They emigrated to start a new life in Canada. 他们移居加拿大，开始了新的生活。◆He doesn't like to talk about his private life. 他不愿谈及他的私生活。◆She has a full social life. 她的社交活动非常频繁。◆articles about the love lives of the stars 有关明星爱情生活的文章 ➡ see also sex life ➤energy/excitement 活力；兴奋🔑 [U] the quality of being active and exciting 活力；生命力；生气 SYN vitality ◆This is a great holiday resort that is full of life. 这里生气勃勃，是一个绝妙的度假胜地。➤in art 艺术 [U] a living model or a real object or scene that people draw or paint （绘画的）模特儿，实物，实景◆She had lessons in drawing from life. 她学了实物写生课程。◆a life class (= one in which art students draw a naked man or woman) 人体写生课 ➡ see also still life ➤story of life 传记 [C] a story of sb's life 生平事迹；传记 SYN biography ◆She wrote a life of Mozart. 她写了一部莫扎特的传记。➤in children's games 儿童游戏 [C] one of a set number of chances before a player is out of a game （玩游戏者出局前几次机会中的）一次机会◆He's lost two lives, so he's only got one left. 他失去了两次机会，所以只剩下一次了。 ●be sb's ˈlifebe the most important person or thing to sb 对某人至关重要的人（或事物）◆My children are my life. 我这几个孩子就是我的命根子。◆Writing is his life. 写作是他的生命。●bring sb/sth to ˈlifeto make sb/sth more interesting or exciting 使更有趣；使更生动◆The new teacher really brought French to life for us. 新来的老师给我们把法语教得生动活泼。◆Flowers can bring a dull room back to life. 鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。●come to ˈlifeto become more interesting, exciting or full of activity 变得更有趣（或使人兴奋）；变得活跃◆The match finally came to life in the second half. 比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。to start to act or move as if alive （仿佛活着）开始动起来◆In my dream all my toys came to life. 在我的梦里，玩具都活过来了。●for dear ˈlife●for your ˈlifeas hard or as fast as possible 尽最大努力；拼命；尽快◆She was holding on to the rope for dear life. 她死命抓着那根绳子。◆Run for your life! 快跑啊！●for the ˈlife of you(informal) however hard you try 无论怎样努力◆I cannot for the life of me imagine why they want to leave. 我怎么也想象不出他们为什么要走。●frighten/scare the ˈlife out of sbto frighten sb very much 把某人吓得魂不附体；使魂飞魄散●full of ˈbeans/ˈlifehaving a lot of energy 充满活力；精力充沛；生气勃勃●get a ˈlife(informal) used to tell sb to stop being boring and to do sth more interesting （让人别再令人厌烦，要做更有趣的事）来点儿有意思的●lay down your ˈlife (for sb/sth)(literary) to die in order to save sb/sth （为…）牺牲生命，献身 SYN sacrifice ●lead/live the life of ˈRiley(old-fashioned, often disapproving) to live an enjoyable and comfortable life with no problems or responsibilities 无忧无虑地生活；安逸地生活；舒适愉快地生活●life after ˈdeaththe possibility or belief that people continue to exist in some form after they die 来世；来生●the life and ˈsoul of the party, etc.(BrE) the most amusing and interesting person at a party, etc. （聚会等场合）最活跃风趣的人●life is ˈcheap(disapproving) used to say that there is a situation in which it is not thought to be important if people somewhere die or are treated badly 把他人生死视同儿戏；视人性命如草芥；人命不值钱●(have) a life of its ˈown(of an object 物体) seeming to move or function by itself without a person touching or working it （具有）自身生命力，原动力●life's too ˈshort(informal) used to say that it is not worth wasting time doing sth that you dislike or that is not important 人生苦短；不可枉费此生●make life ˈdifficult (for sb)to cause problems for sb （给某人）惹麻烦，造成困难，出难题●the ˈman/ˈwoman in your life(informal) the man or woman that you are having a sexual or romantic relationship with 闯进你生活中的男人（或女人）●not on your ˈlife(informal) used to refuse very firmly to do sth （断然拒绝）决不会●take sb's ˈlifeto kill sb 杀死（某人）；取某人的性命●take your (own) ˈlifeto kill yourself 自杀●take your life in your ˈhandsto risk being killed 冒生命危险；豁出性命；把脑袋别在裤腰带上◆You take your life in your hands just crossing the road here. 你在这里过马路简直是冒险玩命。●that's ˈlife(informal) used when you are disappointed about sth but know that you must accept it （表示失望但无可奈何）这就是生活，生活就是这样●where there's ˈlife (, there's ˈhope)(saying) in a bad situation you must not give up hope because there is always a chance that it will improve 活着（就有希望）；留得青山在（，不怕没柴烧）●you can bet your ˈlife/your bottom ˈdollar (on sth/(that)…)(informal) used to say that you are certain that sth will happen 肯定；毫无疑问◆You can bet your bottom dollar that he'll be late. 他肯定会迟到。●the breath of ˈlife to/for sb(literary) an essential part of a person's existence 某人生存的必需品●ˌbreathe (new) ˈlife into sthto improve sth by introducing new ideas and making people more interested in it （给某事物）带来起色，注入活力●depart this ˈlifeto die. People say 'depart this life' to avoid saying 'die'. 离开人世，去世，亡故（委婉说法，与 die 同义）●a ˈdog's lifean unhappy life, full of problems or unfair treatment 悲惨的生活；牛马不如的生活●ˌend your ˈdays/ˈlife (in sth)to spend the last part of your life in a particular state or place （在某种状态下或某处）度过余生，安度晚年◆He ended his days in poverty. 他在贫穷中度过余生。●a ˌfact of ˈlifea situation that cannot be changed, especially one that is unpleasant 生活的（不快）现实●the ˌfacts of ˈlifethe details about sex and about how babies are born, especially as told to children （尤指对儿童讲的）性知识●in ˌfear of your ˈlifefeeling frightened that you might be killed 害怕会丧生；为生命安全担忧●ˌfight for (your) ˈlifeto make a great effort to stay alive, especially when you are badly injured or seriously ill （尤指严重伤病时）与死亡作斗争●the kiss of ˈlife(BrE) a method of helping sb who has stopped breathing to breathe again by placing your mouth on theirs and forcing air into their lungs 人工呼吸（口对口）●(as) large as ˈlife(humorous) used to show surprise at seeing sb/sth （表示惊讶地见到）本人，本身◆I hadn't seen her for fifteen years and then there she was, (as) large as life.我有十五年未见过她，却在那里遇见她了，没错，就是她。●ˌlarger than ˈlifelooking or behaving in a way that is more interesting or exciting than other people, and so is likely to attract attention 外表或行为惹人注目 SYN flamboyant ◆He's a larger than life character. 他这个人不是一般的有趣，很招眼。●a (ˌnew) lease of ˈlife(BrE) (NAmEa (ˌnew) lease on ˈlife) the chance to live or last longer, or with a better quality of life 延年益寿；生活质量更好◆Since her hip operation she's had a new lease of life. 她自髋关节手术以后活得更有劲了。●the light of sb's ˈlifethe person sb loves more than any other 心爱的人；心肝宝贝●a ˌmatter of ˌlife and ˈdeathused to describe a situation that is very important or serious 生死攸关的事；成败的关键●make sb's life a ˈmiseryto behave in a way that makes sb else feel very unhappy 使别人遭殃；让人痛苦●have nine ˈlives(especially of a cat 尤指猫) to be very lucky in dangerous situations 有九条命；命大●risk ˌlife and ˈlimb●risk your ˈneckto risk being killed or injured in order to do sth 冒死；不惜受伤 Alliteration in idioms belt and braces, (beat somebody) black and blue, born and bred, chalk and cheese, chop and change, done and dusted, down and dirty, in dribs and drabs, eat somebody out of house and home, facts and figures, fast and furious, first and foremost, forgive and forget, hale and hearty, hem and haw, kith and kin, mix and match, part and parcel of something, puff and pant, go to rack and ruin, rant and rave, risk life and limb, short and sweet, signed and sealed, spic and span, through thick and thin, this and that, top and tail something, tried and testedtrusted, wax and wane●not be able to do sth to ˌsave your ˈlife(informal) to be completely unable to do sth 完全干不了某事；死也做不了某事◆He can't interview people to save his life. 要他的命，他也采访不了人。●a ˌslice of ˈlifea film/movie, play or book that gives a very realistic view of ordinary life 反映现实生活的电影（或戏剧、书）●ˌspring into ˈaction●ˌspring into/to ˈlife(of a person, machine, etc. 人、机器等) to suddenly start working or doing sth 突然工作（或行动）起来◆'Let's go!' he said, springing into action. 他突然行动起来，说道：“咱们走！”◆The town springs into life (= becomes busy) during the carnival. 狂欢节期间，全城突然热闹起来。●the ˌstaff of ˈlife(literary) a basic food, especially bread 主食；（尤指）面包●that's the ˌstory of my ˈlife(informal) when you say that's the story of my life about an unfortunate experience you have had, you mean you have had many similar experiences 我就是这个命（表示一生中有很多类似的不幸经历）●at ˈmy, ˈyour, ˈhis, etc. time of lifeat the age you are (especially when you are not young) 在…这样的年纪（尤指不年轻时）◆Eyesight doesn't get any better at my time of life. 到我这把年纪，视力绝不会变好的。●have the ˌtime of your ˈlife(informal) to enjoy yourself very much 过得很快乐；玩得痛快●true to ˈlife(of a book, film/movie, etc. 书、电影等) seeming real rather than invented 真实的；逼真的；惟妙惟肖；活灵活现●variety is the spice of ˈlife(saying) new and exciting experiences make life more interesting 经历丰富多彩才令生活充满乐趣●a walk of ˈlifea person's job or position in society 行业；职业；地位；阶层 SYN background ◆She has friends from all walks of life. 她在社会各界中都有朋友。●a/the/sb's way of ˈlife 🔑the typical pattern of behaviour of a person or group （个人或群体的）特有的行为模式，典型生活方式◆the American way of life美国人的生活方式 |