Being a writer 当作家

• write/publish literature/poetry/fiction/a book/a story/a poem/a novel/a review/an autobiography 写/发表文学作品/诗集/小说/书/故事/诗歌/长篇小说/评论/自传
• become a writer/novelist/playwright 成为作家/小说家/剧作家
• find/have a publisher/an agent 找到/有出版商/代理人
• have a new book out 出版一部新书
• edit/revise/proofread a book/text/manuscript 编辑/修订/校对书/文章/原稿
• dedicate a book/poem to… 把一本书/一首诗献给…

Plot, character and atmosphere 情节、人物和氛围

• construct/create/weave/weave sth into a complex narrative 构思/创作/编写/把某事编成一部复杂的叙事小说
• advance/drive the plot 推进故事情节的发展
• introduce/present the protagonist/a character 介绍主人公/一个人物
• describe/depict/portray a character (as…)/(sb as) a hero/villain 描述人物/英雄/坏蛋；把一个人物描绘成…；把某人描绘成英雄/坏蛋
• create an exciting/a tense atmosphere 营造一种令人兴奋/紧张的气氛
• build/heighten the suspense/tension 制造/增加悬念/紧张气氛
• evoke/capture the pathos of the situation 唤起对这种状况的同情
• convey emotion/an idea/an impression/a sense of… 传达…情感/思想；给人…印象/感觉
• engage the reader 吸引读者
• seize/capture/grip the (reader's) imagination 抓住（读者的）想象力
• arouse/elicit emotion/sympathy (in the reader) 唤起（读者的）情感/同情
• lack imagination/emotion/structure/rhythm 缺乏想象力/情感/精心组织/节奏感

Language, style and imagery 语言、风格和形象语言

• use/employ language/imagery/humour/ (especially US) humor/an image/a symbol/a metaphor/a device 使用语言/形象语言/幽默/意象/象征/暗喻/手段
• use/adopt/develop a style/technique 使用/采用/形成一种风格/技巧
• be rich in/be full of symbolism 富含象征意义
• evoke images of…/a sense of…/a feeling of… 唤起…的形象/感觉
• create/achieve an effect 创造/取得效果
• maintain/lighten the tone 维持/缓和基调
• introduce/develop an idea/a theme 引入/发展一种思想/一个主题
• inspire a novel/a poet/sb's work/sb's imagination 促成小说的创作；给诗人以灵感；促成某人作品的诞生；激发某人的想象力

Reading and criticism 阅读与评论

• read an author/sb's work/fiction/poetry/a text/a poem/a novel/a chapter/a passage 读一个作家的作品/某人的著作/小说/诗集/一篇文章/一首诗/一部小说/一个章节/一段文章
• review a book/a novel/sb's work 评论一本书/一部小说/某人的作品
• give sth/get/have/receive a good/bad review 给予/得到好评/恶评
• be hailed (as)/be recognized as a masterpiece 被誉为一部杰作
• quote a phrase/line/stanza/passage/author 引用一个短语/一行诗/一节诗/一段文章/作者的话
• provoke/spark discussion/criticism 引发讨论/评论
• study/interpret/understand a text/passage 研读/解读/理解一篇文章/一段文章
• translate sb's work/a text/a passage/a novel/a poem 翻译某人的作品/一篇文章/一段文章/一部小说/一首诗

These words all mean an area of land that is used for a particular purpose. 以上各词均指作特定用途的土地。

• land an area of ground, especially one that is used for a particular purpose 尤指作特定用途的土地、地带：◆agricultural land 农业用地
• lot (NAmE) a piece of land that is used or intended for a particular purpose 指作某种用途的一块地、场地：◆building lots 建筑用地◆a parking lot 停车场
• ground an area of land that is used for a particular purpose 指作特定用途的场地：◆The kids were playing on waste ground near the school. 孩子们在学校附近的荒地玩耍。◆the site of an ancient burial ground 古代墓地遗址

land, lot or ground? 用 land、lot 还是 ground？

Land is used for large areas of open land in the country, especially when it is used for farming. A lot is often a smaller piece of land in a town or city, especially one intended for building or parking on. Ground is any area of open land; a ground is an area of land designed or used for a particular purpose or activity. * land 指乡间广阔的土地，尤指农业用地；lot 常指城镇或城市中的一小块地，尤指专用的建筑或停车场地；ground 作不可数名词指任何开阔地、空旷地，作可数名词指特定用途或活动的场地。

• space a large area of land that has no buildings on it 指无建筑物的大片空地、开阔地：◆The city has plenty of open space. 这座城市有很多开阔的空地。◆the wide open spaces of the Canadian prairies 加拿大一片片广袤的草原
• plot a small piece of land used or intended for a particular purpose 指专用的小块土地：◆She bought a small plot of land to build a house. 她买了一小块地盖房子。◆a vegetable plot 一块菜圃

lot or plot? 用 lot 还是 plot？

• Either a lot or a plot can be used for building on. Only a plot can also be used for growing vegetables or burying people. * lot 和 plot 均可作建筑用地。plot 亦可作菜地或墓地。

Patterns

• an open space
• open/empty/vacant/waste/derelict land/ground
• a(n) empty/vacant lot/plot