These are all words for a particular area or part of an area, especially one used for a particular purpose or where sb/sth is situated or happens. 以上各词均表示地点、场所、位置。

• place a particular point, area, city, town, building, etc., especially one used for a particular purpose or where a particular thing happens 指有特定用途或事情发生的地点、场所、城镇、建筑物、地方：◆This would be a good place for a picnic. 这可是个野餐的好地方。
• site the place where sth, especially a building, is or will be situated; a place where sth happened or that is used for a particular purpose 尤指建筑物的地点、位置，事情发生或有特定用途的地点、场所：◆They've chosen a site for the new school. 他们为新学校选了校址。
• area a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose; a particular place on an object 指（房间、建筑物、处所内划为某用途的）地方、场地，物体上的区、部位：◆the hotel reception area 旅馆接待处◆Move the cursor to a blank area on the screen. 把光标移至电脑屏幕的空白区。
• position the place where a person or thing is situated; the place where sb/sth is meant to be 指位置、方位、恰当的位置：◆From his position at the top of the hill, he could see the harbour. 他在山头那个位置可以俯瞰海港。 NOTE The position of sb/sth is often temporary: the place where sb/sth is at a particular time. * position 指人/物所处的位置常常是暂时性的，即在某段时间所在的位置。
• point a particular place within an area, where sth happens or is supposed to happen 指某事发生或将要发生的地点、某个地方：◆the point at which the river divides 河流分岔点
• location a place where sth happens or exists, especially a place that is not named or not known 指事情发生或存在的地方、地点、位置，尤指无名或鲜为人知的地方：◆The company is moving to a new location. 公司准备迁移新址。
• scene a place where sth happens, especially sth unpleasant 尤指不愉快事件发生的地点、现场：◆the scene of the accident 事故现场
• spot a particular point or area, especially one that has a particular character or where sth particular happens 尤指具有某种特点或某一事件发生的地点、场所：◆The lake is one of the local beauty spots. 这个湖是当地的一个风景点。
• venue the place where people meet for an organized event such as a performance or sports event 指演出、体育比赛等的聚会地点、场馆、会场

Patterns

• at a place/site/position/point/location/scene/spot/venue
• in a(n) place/area/position/location/venue
• the place/site/point/location/spot/venue where…
• the right place/site/position/location/spot/venue
• a central site/position/location/venue
• the/sb's/sth's exact/precise place/site/position/point/location/spot

These are all words for the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect the way things are. 以上各词均指情况、状况。

• situation all the things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular place 指情况、状况、形势、局面：◆the present economic situation 目前的经济形势
• circumstances the facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action; the conditions of a person's life, especially the money they have 指条件、环境、状况、境况，（尤指）经济状况：◆The ship sank in mysterious circumstances. 那艘船神秘地沉没了。
• position the situation that sb is in, especially when it affects what they can and cannot do 指处境、地位、状况：◆She felt she was in a position of power. 她觉得她自己有权力。
• conditions the circumstances in which people live, work or do things; the physical situation that affects how sth happens 指居住、工作或做事情的环境、境况、条件，影响某事发生的物质环境、状态、条件：◆We were forced to work outside in freezing conditions. 我们被迫在户外天寒地冻的环境下工作。

circumstances or conditions? 用 circumstances 还是 conditions？

Circumstances refers to sb's financial situation; conditions are things such as the quality and amount of food or shelter they have. The circumstances that affect an event are the facts surrounding it; the conditions that affect it are usually physical ones, such as the weather. * circumstances 指人的经济状况；conditions 指人的食宿等状况。circumstances 指影响某事的周边环境；conditions 通常指影响某事的物质环境，如天气。

• things (rather informal) the general situation, as it affects sb 指形势、局面、情况、事态：◆Hi, Jane! How are things? 喂，简，近来怎么样？◆Think things over before you decide. 先把情况考虑周全再作决定。
• the case the true situation 指实情、事实：◆If that is the case(= if the situation described is true), we need more staff. 如果真是那样，我们就需要更多的员工了。
• state of affairs a situation 指事态、情况、形势：◆How did this unhappy state of affairs come about? 这种不幸的情况是怎么发生的呢？

situation or state of affairs? 用 situation 还是 state of affairs？

• State of affairs is mostly used with this. It is also used with adjectives describing how good or bad a situation is, such as happy, sorry, shocking, sad and unhappy, as well as those relating to time, such as present and current. Situation is much more frequent and is used in a wider variety of contexts. * state of affairs 多与 this 连用，亦与表示形势好坏的形容词（如 happy、sorry、shocking、sad 和 unhappy）以及与时间有关的形容词（如 present 和 current）连用。situation 常用得多，且用于更广泛的语境中。

Patterns

• in (a) particular situation/circumstances/position/state of affairs
• the/sb's economic/financial/social situation/circumstances/position/conditions
• (a/an) happy/unhappy situation/circumstances/position/state of affairs
• to look at/review the situation/circumstances/conditions/things

These are all words for a position doing work for which you receive regular payment. 以上各词均表示工作、职位。

• job a position doing work for which you receive regular payment 指工作、职业、职位：◆He's trying to get a job in a bank. 他正设法在银行找一个工作。
• position (rather formal) a job 指职位、职务：◆a senior position in a large corporation 在一家大公司的高级职务

job or position? 用 job 还是 position？

Position usually refers to a particular job within an organization, especially at a high level, and is not usually used about jobs generally. It is also often used in job applications, descriptions and advertisements. * position 通常指机构中的职位，尤指高级职位，通常不用以指一般的工作。该词亦常用于工作申请、职位描述和招聘广告中。

• post a job, especially an important one in a large organization 指职位，尤指大机构的要职：◆a key post in the new government 在新政府中的要职
• vacancy a job that is available for sb to do 指空缺的职位、空职：◆We have several vacancies for casual workers. 我们有几个临时工的空缺。
• appointment (rather formal, especially BrE) a job or position of responsibility 指承担一定责任的职务、职位：◆This is a permanent appointment, requiring commitment and hard work. 这是一个固定职位，需要专心致志和勤奋工作。

Patterns

• a permanent/temporary job/position/post/vacancy/appointment
• a full-time/part-time job/position/post/vacancy/appointment
• to have/have got a(n) job/position/post/vacancy/appointment
• to apply for/fill a job/position/post/vacancy
• to resign from/leave/quit a job/position/post