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单词 ground
释义
noun
verb
adjective
🔑 groundBrE /ɡraʊnd/NAmE /ɡraʊnd/  ➡  see also grind verb noun➤surface of earth 地面🔑 (often the ground) [U] the solid surface of the earth 地；地面◆I found her lying on the ground. 我发现她躺在地上。◆He lost his balance and fell to the ground. 他失去平衡摔倒在地上。◆2 metres above/below ground 地上/地下 2 米◆Most of the monkeys' food is found at ground level. 猴子的食物大多可在地面找到。◆ground forces (= soldiers that fight on land, not in the air or at sea) 地面部队◆Houses and a luxury tourist hotel were burned to the ground (= completely destroyed, so that there is nothing left). 多间房屋和一家豪华旅游宾馆被大火焚烧殆尽。floorground ⬥ land ⬥ earth

These are all words for the surface that you walk on. 以上各词均指地面。

  • floor the surface of a room that you walk on 指室内地板、地面：◆She was sitting on the floor watching TV. 她坐在地板上看电视。
  • ground (often the ground) the solid surface of the earth that you walk on （常作 the ground）指室外地、地面：◆I found her lying on the ground. 我发现她躺在地上。◆The rocket crashed a few seconds after it left the ground. 火箭离开地面几秒钟便坠毁了。
  • land the surface of the earth that is not sea 指陆地、大地：◆It was good to be back on dry land again. 回到陆地上真好。◆They fought both at sea and on land. 他们在海上和陆上都打过仗。
  • earth (often the earth) the solid surface of the world that is made of rock, soil, sand, etc. （常作 the earth）指大地、陆地、地面：◆You could feel the earth shake as the truck came closer. 卡车开近时可感觉到地面在震动。

ground, land or earth? 用 ground、land 还是 earth？

  • Ground is the normal word for the solid surface that you walk on when you are not in a building or vehicle. You can use earth if you want to draw attention to the rock, soil etc. that the ground is made of. Land is only used when you want to contrast it with the sea. * ground 常指建筑物或车辆外的地面。如果关注的是构成大地的岩石、土壤等可用 earth。land 只在与海相对照时使用：◆the land beneath our feet◆feel the land shake◆sight ground/earth◆travel by ground/earth

Patterns

  • on/under the floor/ground/earth
  • bare floor/ground/earth
  • to drop/fall to the floor/the ground/(the) earth
  • to reach the floor/the ground/land
➤soil 土壤🔑 [U] soil on the surface of the earth 土；土地；土壤◆fertile ground for planting crops 种植农作物的肥沃土壤soilmud ⬥ dust ⬥ clay ⬥ land ⬥ earth ⬥ dirt ⬥ ground

These are all words for the top layer of the earth in which plants grow. 以上各词均指土壤。

  • soil the top layer of the earth in which plants grow 指土壤：◆Plant the seedlings in damp soil. 把幼苗种在湿润的土壤里。
  • mud wet soil that is soft and sticky 指泥、淤泥、泥浆：◆The car wheels got stuck in the mud. 汽车轮子陷到泥里去了。
  • dust a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of rock, earth, etc. 指沙石、沙土、尘土：◆A cloud of dust rose as the truck set off. 卡车起动时扬起一片灰尘。
  • clay a type of heavy sticky soil that becomes hard when it is baked and is used to make things such as pots and bricks 指黏土、陶土：◆The tiles are made of clay. 这些砖是用陶土制成的。
  • land an area of ground, especially of a particular type 尤指某种类型的地带、土地：◆an area of rich, fertile land 土地富饶肥沃的地域
  • earth the substance that plants grow in 指土、泥、泥土 NOTE Earth is often used about the soil found in gardens or used for gardening. * earth 常用以指花园里或种花用的泥土：◆She put some earth into the pot. 她在花盆里放了一些泥土。
  • dirt (especially NAmE) soil, especially loose soil 指泥土，尤指松土、散土：◆Pack the dirt firmly around the plants. 将植物周围的土培实。
  • ground an area of soil 指土地：◆The car got stuck in the muddy ground. 汽车陷到泥地里了。◆They drove across miles of rough, stony ground. 他们驶过数英里崎岖不平、多石的土地。 NOTE Ground is not used for loose soil. * ground 不用以指松土、散土：◆a handful of dry ground

Patterns

  • good/rich soil/land/earth
  • fertile/infertile soil/land/ground
  • to dig the soil/mud/clay/land/earth/ground
  • to cultivate the soil/land/ground
➤area of land 场地🔑 [U] an area of open land 开阔地；空旷地◆The kids were playing on waste ground behind the school. 孩子们在学校后面的荒地上玩耍。🔑 [C] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) an area of land that is used for a particular purpose, activity or sport （特定用途的）场地◆a football/recreation/sports, etc. ground 足球场、娱乐场地、运动场等◆ancient burial grounds 古代墓地  ➡  see also breeding ground, dumping ground, parade ground, stamping ground, testing ground landlot ⬥ ground ⬥ space ⬥ plot

These words all mean an area of land that is used for a particular purpose. 以上各词均指作特定用途的土地。

  • land an area of ground, especially one that is used for a particular purpose 尤指作特定用途的土地、地带：◆agricultural land 农业用地
  • lot (NAmE) a piece of land that is used or intended for a particular purpose 指作某种用途的一块地、场地：◆building lots 建筑用地◆a parking lot 停车场
  • ground an area of land that is used for a particular purpose 指作特定用途的场地：◆The kids were playing on waste ground near the school. 孩子们在学校附近的荒地玩耍。◆the site of an ancient burial ground 古代墓地遗址

land, lot or ground? 用 land、lot 还是 ground？

Land is used for large areas of open land in the country, especially when it is used for farming. A lot is often a smaller piece of land in a town or city, especially one intended for building or parking on. Ground is any area of open land; a ground is an area of land designed or used for a particular purpose or activity. * land 指乡间广阔的土地，尤指农业用地；lot 常指城镇或城市中的一小块地，尤指专用的建筑或停车场地；ground 作不可数名词指任何开阔地、空旷地，作可数名词指特定用途或活动的场地。

  • space a large area of land that has no buildings on it 指无建筑物的大片空地、开阔地：◆The city has plenty of open space. 这座城市有很多开阔的空地。◆the wide open spaces of the Canadian prairies 加拿大一片片广袤的草原
  • plot a small piece of land used or intended for a particular purpose 指专用的小块土地：◆She bought a small plot of land to build a house. 她买了一小块地盖房子。◆a vegetable plot 一块菜圃

lot or plot? 用 lot 还是 plot？

  • Either a lot or a plot can be used for building on. Only a plot can also be used for growing vegetables or burying people. * lot 和 plot 均可作建筑用地。plot 亦可作菜地或墓地。

Patterns

  • an open space
  • open/empty/vacant/waste/derelict land/ground
  • a(n) empty/vacant lot/plot
grounds [pl.] a large area of land or sea that is used for a particular purpose （某种用途的）地域，水域◆fishing grounds 渔场◆feeding grounds for birds 禽类饲养场➤gardens 花园🔑 grounds [pl.] the land or gardens around a large building （大建筑物周围的）场地，庭院，花园◆the hospital grounds 医院的院子➤area of knowledge/ideas 知识/思想领域🔑 [U] an area of interest, knowledge or ideas （兴趣、知识或思想的）范围，领域◆He managed to cover a lot of ground in a short talk. 他在简短的谈话中涵盖了许多领域。◆We had to go over the same ground (= talk about the same things again) in class the next day. 我们得在第二天的课上继续讨论同样的话题。◆You're on dangerous ground (= talking about ideas that are likely to offend sb or make people angry) if you criticize his family. 你要是批评他的家人可就惹麻烦了。◆I thought I was on safe ground (= talking about a suitable subject) discussing music with her. 我以为与她一起讨论音乐是稳妥的。◆He was back on familiar ground, dealing with the customers. 他又干起了与顾客打交道的老本行。◆They are fighting the Conservatives on their own ground. 他们以保守党人自己的逻辑在和他们斗争。  ➡  see also common ground, middle ground ➤good reason 充分的理由🔑 [C, usually pl.] ~ for sth/for doing stha good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth 充分的理由；根据◆You have no grounds for complaint. 你没有理由抱怨。◆What were his grounds for wanting a divorce? 他要离婚的理由是什么？◆The case was dismissed on the grounds that there was not enough evidence. 此案因缺乏足够的证据被驳回。◆He retired from the job on health grounds. 他因健康原因退职。◆Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age. 雇主不得有年龄歧视。reasonexplanation ⬥ grounds ⬥ basis ⬥ excuse ⬥ motive ⬥ justification ⬥ pretext

These are all words for a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done. 以上各词均指事情发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释。

  • reason a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done; a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth 指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释、道理：◆He said no but he didn't give a reason. 他说不行，但没有说明原因。
  • explanation a statement, fact or situation that tells you why sth has happened; a reason given for sth 指解释、说明、阐述：◆The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed. 最可能的解释是他的飞机晚点了。◆She left the room abruptly without explanation. 她未作解释就突然离开了房间。
  • grounds (rather formal) a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth 指说、做或相信某事的充分理由、根据：◆You have no grounds for complaint. 你没有理由抱怨。
  • basis (rather formal) the reason why people take a particular action 指原因、缘由：◆On what basis will this decision be made? 将基于何种原因作出这一决定呢？
  • excuse a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour; a good reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons 指为自己行为所作的辩护、借口、理由：◆Late again! What's your excuse this time? 又迟到了！你这次有什么借口？◆It gave me an excuse to take the car. 这使我有理由开车去了。
  • motive a reason that explains sb's behaviour 指动机、原因：◆There seemed to be no motive for the murder. 这起谋杀案看不出有什么动机。
  • justification (rather formal) a good reason why sth exists or is done 指事物存在或做某事的正当理由：◆I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases. 我看不出还能提出什么理由来加税了。

grounds or justification? 用 grounds 还是 justification？

Justification is used to talk about finding or understanding reasons for actions, or trying to explain why it is a good idea to do sth. It is often used with words like little, no, some, every, without, and not any. Grounds is used more for talking about reasons that already exist, or that have already been decided, for example by law: moral/economic grounds. * justification 用来表示找出或明白做事的理由，或解释要做的事，常与 little、no、some、every、without 和 not any 等词连用。grounds 多指已存在的原因或已决定的（如法律上的）根据：moral/economic grounds（道德/经济原因）。

  • pretext (rather formal) a false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason 指为掩盖做某事（通常为不好的事）的真正理由而找的借口、托辞：◆He left the party early on the pretext of having to work. 他借口有事要处理，早早离开了聚会。

Patterns

  • (a/an) reason/explanation/grounds/basis/excuse/motive/justification/pretext for sth
  • the reason/motive behind sth
  • on the grounds/basis/pretext of/that…
  • (a) good/valid reason/explanation/grounds/excuse/motive/justification
➤in liquid 液体grounds [pl.] the small pieces of solid matter in a liquid that have fallen to the bottom 渣滓；沉淀物◆coffee grounds 咖啡渣➤electrical wire 电线(NAmE) (BrE earth) [C, usually sing.] a wire that connects an electric circuit with the ground and makes it safe （接）地线➤background 背景 [C] a background that a design is painted or printed on （绘画或印刷的）背景，底子◆pink roses on a white ground 白底粉红玫瑰●cut the ground from under sb's ˈfeetto suddenly spoil sb's idea or plan by doing sth to stop them from continuing with it 挖某人的墙脚；破坏某人的计划；拆某人的台●gain/make up ˈground (on sb/sth)to gradually get closer to sb/sth that is moving or making progress in an activity 逼近（正在向前的人或物）◆The police car was gaining ground on the suspects. 警车渐渐逼近犯罪嫌疑人。◆They needed to make up ground on their competitors. 他们必须穷追猛赶竞争对手。●get (sth) off the ˈgroundto start happening successfully; to make sth start happening successfully （使）顺利开始，开始发生◆Without more money, the movie is unlikely to get off the ground. 没有更多的资金，这部影片难以顺利开拍。◆to get a new company off the ground 使新公司顺利开张●give/lose ˈground (to sb/sth)to allow sb/sth to have an advantage; to lose an advantage for yourself 退让；让步；失利◆They are not prepared to give ground on tax cuts. 他们不打算在减税方面让步。◆The Conservatives lost a lot of ground to the Liberal Democrats at the election. 在选举中保守党大大失利于自由民主党。●go to ˈground(BrE) to hide, especially to escape sb who is chasing you 躲藏起来；潜伏下来●hold/stand your ˈgroundto continue with your opinions or intentions when sb is opposing you and wants you to change 坚持主张；坚持意图；坚持立场；不让步◆Don't let him persuade you—stand your ground. 别听他的，坚持自己的主张吧。to face a situation and refuse to run away 坚守阵地；不撤退；不退却◆It is not easy to hold your ground in front of someone with a gun. 面对持枪者而不退缩并不容易。●on the ˈgroundin the place where sth is happening and among the people who are in the situation, especially a war 当场；在现场；（尤指）处于战火中◆On the ground, there are hopes that the fighting will soon stop. 战火中的人都希望战斗尽快结束。◆There's a lot of support for the policy on the ground. 很多在场的人支持这一政策。●run/drive/work yourself into the ˈgroundto work so hard that you become extremely tired 把自己弄得精疲力竭；把自己累垮●run sb/sth into the ˈgroundto make sb work so hard that they are no longer able to work; to use sth so much that it is broken 使某人精疲力竭；耗尽某物；过度使用某物●thick/thin on the ˈground(BrE) if people or things are thick/thin on the ground, there are a lot/not many of them in a place 为数众多（或不多）；数目巨大（或微小）；众多（或稀少）◆Customers are thin on the ground at this time of year. 一年里这个时节顾客很少。●keep/have your ear to the ˈgroundto make sure that you always find out about the most recent developments in a particular situation 注意看动向；掌握最新发展情况●be on firm ˈgroundto be in a strong position in an argument, etc. because you know the facts （在辩论等中）立场坚定，对事实确信无疑◆Everyone agreed with me, so I knew I was on firm ground. 每个人都同意我的意见，所以我知道自己立场稳固了。●have/keep your ˈfeet on the groundto have a sensible and realistic attitude to life 实事求是；脚踏实地●gain ˈgroundto become more powerful or successful 变得更强大（或更有成效、更成功）；有进步；获得进展◆Sterling continues to gain ground against the dollar. 英镑兑美元继续走高。●ˌhit the ground ˈrunning(informal) to start doing sth and continue very quickly and successfully 迅速而顺利地投入某事；一炮打响；一举成功●take, claim, seize, etc. the moral ˈhigh groundto claim that your side of an argument is morally better than your opponents' side; to argue in a way that makes your side seem morally better 声称自己的论点在道义上占优势●on neutral ground/territoryin a place that has no connection with either of the people or sides who are meeting and so does not give an advantage to either of them 在中立地区；在第三方地区◆We decided to meet on neutral ground. 我们决定在第三方领土上会晤。●ˌbreak new ˈgroundto make a new discovery or do sth that has not been done before 有所发现；开拓创新  ➡  see also groundbreaking ●prepare the ˈground (for sth)to make it possible or easier for sth to be achieved （为…）准备条件，铺路◆The committee will prepare the ground for next month's meeting. 这个委员会将为下个月的会议做好准备。●be riveted to the spot/groundto be so shocked or frightened that you cannot move 吓呆了；呆若木鸡●shift your ˈground(usually disapproving) to change your opinion about a subject, especially during a discussion （尤指讨论时）改变立场●fall on stony ˈgroundto fail to produce the result or the effect that you hope for; to have little success 未产生预期的结果（或效果）；没有开花结果●suit sb ˌdown to the ˈground(BrE, informal) to be very convenient or acceptable for sb 对某人非常方便；很合某人心意◆This job suits me down to the ground. 这份工作我非常满意。
🔑 groundBrE /ɡraʊnd/NAmE /ɡraʊnd/  ➡  see also grind verb verbpresent simple - I / you / we / they ground BrE /ɡraʊnd/ NAmE /ɡraʊnd/present simple - he / she / it grounds BrE /ɡraʊndz/ NAmE /ɡraʊndz/past simple grounded BrE /ˈɡraʊndɪd/ NAmE /ˈɡraʊndɪd/past participle grounded BrE /ˈɡraʊndɪd/ NAmE /ˈɡraʊndɪd/ -ing form grounding BrE /ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/ NAmE /ˈɡraʊndɪŋ/➤boat 船 [T, I] ~ (sth) when a boat grounds or sth grounds it, it touches the bottom of the sea and is unable to move （使）搁浅，触海底◆The fishing boat had been grounded on rocks off the coast of Cornwall. 渔船在康沃尔海岸外礁石上搁浅了。➤aircraft 飞行器 [T, often passive] ~ sthto prevent an aircraft from taking off 使停飞；阻止…起飞◆The balloon was grounded by strong winds. 热气球因强风停飞。◆All planes out of Heathrow have been grounded by the strikes. 所有由希思罗机场起飞的飞机均因罢工而停飞。➤child 孩子 [T, usually passive] ~ sbto punish a child or young person by not allowing them to go out with their friends for a period of time 罚（儿童）不准出去玩◆You're grounded for a week! 罚你一周不准出门！➤electricity 电(NAmE) (BrE earth) [T, usually passive] ~ sthto make electrical equipment safe by connecting it to the ground with a wire 把（电线）接地  ➡  see also grounded, grounding
🔑 groundBrE /ɡraʊnd/NAmE /ɡraʊnd/  ➡  see also grind verb adjective [only before noun] (of food 食物) cut, chopped or crushed into very small pieces or powder 磨细的；剁碎的◆ground coffee 咖啡粉◆(US) ground pork 猪肉糜  ➡  see also hamburger (2)
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