These are all words for a medical problem. 以上各词均表示健康问题。

• disease a medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection 常指人、动植物感染的病、疾病：◆He suffers from a rare blood disease. 他患有一种罕见的血液病。
• illness a medical problem, or a period of suffering from one 指病、疾病或患病期：◆She died after a long illness. 她久病不愈而亡。

disease or illness? 用 disease 还是 illness？

Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs. Illness is used to talk about both more severe and more minor medical problems, and those that affect mental health. * disease 指较严重的身体疾病，尤其是影响身体器官的疾病。illness 指重病或小病均可，也可指精神上的疾病：◆heart/kidney/liver illness◆mental disease Disease is not used about a period of illness. * disease 不指患病期：◆She died after a long disease.

• disorder (rather formal) an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly 指失调、紊乱、不适、疾病：◆a rare disorder of the liver 一种罕见的肝病 NOTE A disorder is generally not infectious. Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems, for example psychiatric, personality, mental and eating. When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is most often used with blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare. * disorder 一般不传染，多与有关精神问题的词连用，如 psychiatric/personality/mental/eating disorder（精神错乱；人格障碍；精神紊乱；进食障碍）。谈到身体方面的问题常与下列词连用，如 blood/bowel/kidney disorder（血液病；肠道失调；肾脏疾病），这些疾病一般用 serious、severe 或 rare 等词修饰。
• infection an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body 指由细菌或病毒引起的身体某部位的感染或传染疾病：◆a throat infection 喉部感染
• condition a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it 指因不可治愈而长期患有的疾病：◆a heart condition 心脏病
• ailment (rather formal) an illness that is not very serious 指轻病、小恙：◆childhood ailments 儿童期小病
• bug (informal) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild 指轻微的传染病、小病：◆a nasty flu bug 严重的流感

Patterns

• to have/suffer from a(n) disease/illness/disorder/infection/condition/ailment/bug
• to catch/contract/get/pick up a(n) disease/illness/infection/bug

Becoming ill 生病

• catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/ (BrE) flu/pneumonia/a virus/ (informal) a bug 染上感冒/传染病/流感/肺炎/病毒/小毛病
• get (BrE) ill/ (NAmE) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/ (BrE) flu/a migraine 患病/艾滋病/乳腺癌/感冒/流感/偏头痛
• come down with a cold/the flu/ (BrE) flu 得了感冒/流感
• contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS 感染致命疾病/严重疾病/艾滋病病毒/艾滋病
• be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV 受病毒/寄生虫/艾滋病病毒感染
• develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis 患上癌症/糖尿病/皮疹/溃疡；出现肝炎症状
• have a heart attack/a stroke 心脏病/中风发作
• provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction 引起/产生过敏反应
• block/burst/rupture a blood vessel 使血管阻塞/破裂
• damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon 损伤/切断神经/动脉/肌腱

Being ill 病了

• feel (BrE) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy 感到不适/想吐/恶心
• be running (BrE) a temperature/ (NAmE) a fever 发烧
• have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/ (BrE) a high temperature/ (NAmE) a fever 患伤风感冒/糖尿病/心脏病/肺癌；头痛；发烧
• suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder 患哮喘/营养不良症/经常性头痛/多发性抑郁症/精神错乱
• be laid up with/ (BrE) be in bed with a cold/the flu/ (BrE) flu/a migraine 因感冒/流感/偏头痛而卧床休息
• nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover 调治感冒/头痛/宿醉
• battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism 与癌症/抑郁症作斗争；戒瘾；戒酒

Treatments 治疗

• examine a patient 给病人做检查
• diagnose a condition/disease/disorder 诊断疾病
• be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia 诊断为癌症/糖尿病/精神分裂症
• prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics 开/得到/服用药/药片/止痛药/抗生素
• treat sb for cancer/depression/shock 治疗某人的癌症/抑郁症/休克
• have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer 接受检查/手术/外科手术/肾移植手术/治疗/化疗/癌症治疗
• have/be given an injection/ (BrE) a flu jab/ (NAmE) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray 打针；接种流感疫苗；接受输血；做扫描检查；照 X 光
• cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient 治疗疾病/病痛/癌症/头痛/病人
• prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs 防止疾病扩散/疾病进一步爆发/对肺部造成伤害
• be vaccinated against the flu/ (BrE) flu/the measles/ (BrE) measles/polio/smallpox 接种流感/麻疹/小儿麻痹症/天花疫苗
• enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease 增加对疾病的免疫力