Managing the economy 管理经济

• handle/run/manage the economy 管理经济
• boost investment/spending/employment/growth 促进投资/支出/就业/增长速度
• stimulate demand/the economy/industry 刺激需求/经济/工业
• cut/reduce investment/spending/borrowing 削减投资/支出/借贷
• reduce/curb/control/keep down inflation 减少/遏制通货膨胀
• create/fuel growth/demand/a boom/a bubble 创造/刺激增长/需求/繁荣/泡沫
• encourage/foster/promote/stimulate/stifle innovation/competition 鼓励/促进/刺激/抑制创新/竞争
• encourage/work with/compete with the private sector 鼓励私营部门；与私营部门合作/竞争
• increase/boost/promote US/agricultural exports 增加/促进美国/农业出口
• ban/restrict/block cheap/foreign imports 禁止/限制/阻止廉价/国外进口产品
• the economy grows/expands/shrinks/contracts/slows (down)/recovers/improves/is booming 经济增长/扩张/收缩/萎缩/放缓/复苏/改善/繁荣
• enjoy an economic/housing/property boom 享受经济/住房/房地产的繁荣期

Economic problems 经济问题

• push up/drive up prices/costs/inflation 抬高价格/成本；加剧通货膨胀
• damage/hurt/destroy industry/the economy 破坏工业/经济
• cause/lead to/go into/avoid/escape recession 引起/导致/进入/避开经济衰退
• experience/suffer a recession/downturn 经历/遭受经济衰退
• fight/combat inflation/deflation/unemployment 抵抗通货膨胀/通货紧缩/失业
• cause/create inflation/poverty/unemployment 导致/造成通货膨胀/贫穷/失业
• create/burst a housing/stock market bubble 造成/引爆住房/股票市场泡沫
• cause/trigger a stock market crash/the collapse of the banking system 引起股市崩盘/银行系统崩溃
• face/be plunged into a financial/an economic crisis 面临/陷入财政/经济危机
• be caught in/experience cycles of boom and bust 陷入/经历周期性繁荣与萧条

Public finance 公共财政

• cut/reduce/slash/increase/double the defence/ (especially US) defense/education/aid budget 削减/大幅削减/增加/加倍国防/教育/援助预算
• increase/boost/slash/cut public spending 增加/大幅削减/削减公共支出
• increase/put up/raise/cut/lower/reduce taxes 提高/降低税收
• raise/cut/lower/reduce interest rates 提高/降低利率
• ease/loosen/tighten monetary policy 放宽/收紧货币政策
• balance the (state/federal) budget 平衡（州/联邦）预算
• achieve/maintain a balanced budget 达到/保持预算平衡
• run a ($4 trillion) budget deficit/surplus 有（4 万亿美元的）预算赤字/盈余

These words all mean to say that sb should do or have sth. 以上各词均含要求之义。

• demand to ask for sth very firmly; to say very firmly that sb should have or do sth 指强烈要求、坚决要求：◆She demanded an immediate explanation. 她强烈要求立即作出解释。
• require [often passive] (rather formal) to make sb do or have sth, especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or standards 指要求做（某事）、达到（某水平），尤指根据法规或规定：◆All candidates will be required to take a short test. 所有候选人都要做一个小测验。
• expect to demand that sb should do, have or be sth, especially because it is their duty or responsibility 指要求、认为应得、指望，尤因义务或责任：◆I expect to be paid promptly for the work. 我要求即时付工钱。
• insist to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth 指坚决要求、坚持：◆I didn't want to go but he insisted. 我并不想去，但他硬要我去。◆We insist on the highest standards at all times. 我们始终坚持最高标准。
• ask to expect or demand sth 指期望、要求：◆You're asking too much of him. 你对他要求过分了。

demand, expect or ask? 用 demand、expect 还是 ask？

• Ask is not as strong as demand or expect, both of which can be more like a command. * ask 不如 demand 和 expect 语气强烈，demand 和 expect 更像命令。

Patterns

• to demand/require/expect/ask sth of/from sb
• to demand/require/expect/insist/ask that…
• to require/expect/ask sb to do sth
• to demand/require/expect/ask a lot/too much/a great deal
• to be too much to expect/ask

These words all mean to say or write sth in the form of a question, in order to get information. 以上各词均含口头或书面询问之义。

• ask to say or write sth in the form of a question, in order to get information 指口头或书面提问、询问：◆'Where are you going?' she asked. “你去哪？” 她问道。◆She asked the students their names. 她问了学生的姓名。◆Can I ask a question? 我能提个问题吗？
• enquire/inquire (rather formal) to ask sb for information 指询问、查询：◆I called the station to enquire about train times. 我打电话到车站询问了火车时刻。
• demand to ask a question very firmly 指严正地问、质问：◆'And where have you been?' he demanded angrily. “那你去了哪里？” 他怒气冲冲地质问道。

Patterns

• to ask/enquire about/after sb/sth
• to ask/enquire/demand sth of sb
• to ask/enquire/demand what/who/how, etc.
• to ask/enquire politely
• to ask/enquire/demand angrily