These are all words for an event in which people choose a representative or decide sth by voting. 以上各词均表示选举或投票表决。

• election an occasion on which people officially choose a political representative or government by voting 指选举、推选，尤指政治选举：◆Who did you vote for in the last election? 上次选举中你把票投给了谁？
• vote an occasion on which a group of people vote for sb/sth 指投票、选举、表决：◆They took a vote on who should go first. 他们以投票方式决定谁先走。
• poll (journalism 新闻) the process of voting in an election （新闻）指选举投票、计票：◆They suffered a defeat at the polls. 他们在投票选举中惨遭失败。
• referendum an occasion on which all the adults in a country can vote on a particular issue 指全民投票、全民公决
• ballot the system of voting by marking an election paper, especially in secret; an occasion on which a vote is held 尤指无记名投票选举、投票表决：◆The leader will be chosen by secret ballot. 领导人将通过无记名投票选举产生。 NOTE Ballot is usually used about a vote within an organization rather than an occasion on which the public vote. * ballot 通常用于机构内部的选举，而非公众的投票选举。

Patterns

• a national/local election/vote/poll/referendum/ballot
• to have/hold/conduct a(n) election/vote/poll/referendum/ballot

Running for election 参加选举

• conduct/hold an election/a referendum 举行选举/全民公决
• (especially NAmE) run for office/election/governor/mayor/president/the White House 竞选公职；参加竞选；竞选州长/市长/总统/美国总统
• (especially BrE) stand for election/office/Parliament/the Labour Party/a second term 参加竞选；竞选公职/议会议员；当工党候选人；竞选连任
• hold/call/contest a general/national election 举行/要求/角逐大选/全国选举
• launch/run a presidential election campaign 开始总统竞选活动
• support/back a candidate 支持候选人
• sway/convince/persuade voters/the electorate 说服选民/全体选民
• appeal to/attract/woo/target (NAmE) swing voters/ (BrE) floating voters 吸引游离选民；寻求游离选民的支持；瞄准游离选民
• fix/rig/steal an election/the vote 操纵选举；暗中舞弊获取选票

Voting 投票

• go to/be turned away from (especially BrE) a polling station/ (NAmE) a polling place 去/被拒绝进入投票站投票
• cast a/your vote/ballot (for sb) 投（某人）一票
• vote for the Conservative candidate/the Democratic party 投票给保守党候选人/民主党
• mark/spoil your ballot paper 在选票上做标记；投废票
• count (BrE) the postal votes/ (especially NAmE) the absentee ballots 清点邮寄选票数
• go to/be defeated at the ballot box 去投票箱投票；竞选失败
• get/win/receive/lose votes 赢得/失去选票
• get/win (60% of) the popular/black/Hispanic/Latino/Muslim vote 赢得大众/黑人/拉美裔/穆斯林 (60%) 的选票
• win the election/(in the US) the primaries/a seat in Parliament/a majority/power 赢得大选/（美国的）初选/议会中的一个席位/多数票/权力
• lose an election/the vote/your majority/your seat 在选举中失败；失去多数人的支持/席位
• win/come to power in a landslide (victory) (= with many more votes than any other party) 以压倒多数的选票获胜/掌权
• elect/re-elect sb (as) mayor/president/an MP/senator/congressman/congresswoman 选举/再度选举某人为市长/总统/议员/参议员/国会议员/国会女议员

Taking power 掌权

• be sworn into office/in as president 宣誓就职/就任总统
• take/administer (in the US) the oath of office （美国）宣誓就职；听取就职宣誓
• swear/take (in the UK) an/the oath of allegiance （英国）宣誓效忠
• give/deliver (in the US) the president's inaugural address 发表（美国）总统就职演说
• take/enter/hold/leave office 就职；任职；离职
• appoint sb (as) ambassador/governor/judge/minister 任命某人为大使/州长/法官/部长
• form a government/a cabinet 组建政府/内阁
• serve two terms as prime minister/in office 任两届总理；两届任职