These are all words for things that are produced to be sold. 以上各词均指产品、商品。

• product a thing that is produced or grown, usually to be sold 指制造或种植的产品：◆to create/develop/launch a new product 创造/开发/推出新产品
• goods things that are produced to be sold 指商品、货品：◆cotton/leather goods 棉织/皮革商品◆electrical goods 电器商品
• commodity (economics) a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially between countries 尤指国家间贸易的商品：◆rice, flour and other basic commodities 稻米、面粉和其他基本商品
• merchandise [U] goods that are bought or sold; things that you can buy that are connected with or advertise a particular event or organization 指商品、货品、相关商品、指定商品：◆official Olympic merchandise 奥林匹克运动会官方指定商品

goods or merchandise? 用 goods 还是 merchandise？

Choose goods if the emphasis is on what the product is made of or what it is for. 强调商品制作的原料或用途用 goods：◆leather/household goods 皮革商品；家居用品Choose merchandise if the emphasis is less on the product itself and more on its brand or the fact of buying/selling it. 如果不太强调商品本身，而更强调品牌或买卖用 merchandise。

• produce [U] things that have been grown or made, especially things connected with farming 尤指农产品，也包括其他种植或制造的产品：◆We sell only fresh local produce. 我们只售当地的新鲜农产品。

Patterns

• consumer/industrial products/goods/commodities
• household products/goods
• farm products/produce
• luxury products/goods/commodities
• to sell/market a product/goods/a commodity/merchandise/produce
• to export a product/goods/a commodity/merchandise
• to buy/purchase a product/goods/a commodity/merchandise/produce

Running a business 经营企业

• buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise 收购/获得/拥有/出售公司/商行/特许经销权
• set up/establish/start/start up/launch a business/company 创办企业/公司
• run/operate a business/company/franchise 经营企业/公司/专卖店
• head/run a firm/department/team 管理公司/部门/团队
• make/secure/win/block a deal 达成/阻止一笔交易
• expand/grow/build the business 扩展业务
• boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade 增加投资/支出/销售量/营业额/收入/出口/贸易
• increase/expand production/output/sales 增加产量/输出量/销售量
• boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability 使产量/生产力/效率/收入/收益/利润/收益增加/最大化
• achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability 实现/维持/保持增长/收益
• cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices 削减成本/价格
• announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks 宣布/强制实行/实施削减

Sales and marketing 销售和市场营销

• break into/enter/capture/dominate the market 打入/进入/占领/控制市场
• gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share 取得/夺取/得到/赢得/增加/丢失市场份额
• find/build/create a market for sth 为某物找到/建立/开创市场
• start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign 发起广告/营销宣传活动
• develop/launch/promote a product/website 开发/推出/推销产品/网站
• create/generate demand for your product 为产品创造需求
• attract/get/retain/help customers/clients 吸引/赢得/留住/帮助顾客/客户
• drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales 刺激/创造/提高/增加需求/销售量
• beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition 打败/领先于/智胜/胜过竞争对手
• meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets 完成/达到/超过/未达到销售目标

Finance 财务

• draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget 起草/制订/提出/批准预算
• keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget 执行/平衡/削减/大幅削减预算
• be/come in below/under/over/within budget 未超出/超出预算；在预算之内
• generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business 产生收益/利润/资金/营业额
• fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit 为活动/商业项目/扩张/开支/赤字提供资金
• provide/raise/allocate capital/funds 提供/筹集/分配资金
• attract/encourage investment/investors 吸引/鼓励投资/投资者
• recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment 收回成本/亏损/投资
• get/obtain/offer sb/grant sb credit/a loan 获得/为某人提供/准予某人贷款
• apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance 申请/筹集/获得/安排/提供资金

Failure 失败；不成功

• lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue 失去生意/买卖/顾客/销量/收益
• accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts 累积/积累/招致/积欠债务
• suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses 蒙受惨重损失
• face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy 面临削减/赤字/裁员/破产
• file for/ (NAmE) enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy 申请/避免/幸免破产
• (BrE) go into administration/liquidation 进入行政接管/清算
• liquidate/wind up a company 清算/关闭公司
• survive/weather a recession/downturn 艰难渡过萧条期/衰退期
• propose/seek/block/oppose a merger 提出/寻求/阻止/反对合并
• launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid 发起/进行/接受/阻止收购投标