These are all words for money that you have to pay to the government.以上各词均指税款。
tax money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services指税、税款：◆income tax所得税◆tax cuts减税
duty a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country指购物税项，尤指进口货物缴纳的关税：◆The company has to pay customs duties on all imports.该公司须为所有进口货物缴纳关税。
customs tax that is paid when goods are brought in from other countries指关税、进口税
tariff a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country, often in order to protect industry from cheap imports指（为使国内工业免遭廉价进口商品冲击而征收的）关税：◆A general tariff was imposed on foreign imports.国外进口货物当时按普通税率征税。
rates (in Britain) a tax paid by businesses to a local authority for land and buildings that they use, and in the past also paid by anyone who owned a house指（英国地方政府征收的）房地产税、房产税：◆Business rates are very high in the city centre.市中心的商业房产税非常高。
Patterns
(a) tax/duty/tariff/rates on sth
to pay an amount of money in tax/duty/customs/rates