• Rubbish is the usual word in BrE for the things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them. Garbage and trash are both used in NAmE. Inside the home, garbage tends to mean waste food and other wet material, while trash is paper, cardboard and dry material. 在英式英语中，rubbish 为常用词，指垃圾、废物。garbage 和 trash 均用于美式英语。生活垃圾中，garbage 多指废弃的食物和其他湿物质，而 trash 则指废弃的纸、硬纸板和干物质。
• In BrE, you put your rubbish in a dustbin in the street to be collected by the dustmen. In NAmE, your garbage and trash goes in a garbage/trash can in the street and is collected by garbage men/collectors. 在英式英语中，垃圾为 rubbish，街上的垃圾桶为 dustbin，清除垃圾的工人叫 dustman。在美式英语中，垃圾为 garbage 和 trash，街上的垃圾桶为 garbage/trash can，清除垃圾的工人叫 garbage man/collector。
• Refuse is a formal word and is used in both BrE and NAmE. Refuse collector is the formal word for a dustman or garbage collector. * refuse 为正式用语，用于英式英语和美式英语均可。refuse collector 为 dustman 或 garbage collector 的正式说法。

Environmental damage 环境破坏

• cause/contribute to climate change/global warming 引起气候变化/全球变暖
• produce pollution/CO₂/greenhouse (gas) emissions 产生污染/二氧化碳/温室气体排放
• damage/destroy the environment/a marine ecosystem/the ozone layer/coral reefs 破坏环境/海洋生态系统/臭氧层/珊瑚礁
• degrade ecosystems/habitats/the environment 使生态系统/栖息地/环境退化
• harm the environment/wildlife/marine life 危害环境/野生动物/海洋生物
• threaten natural habitats/coastal ecosystems/a species with extinction 构成对自然栖息地/沿海生态系统/物种灭绝的威胁
• deplete natural resources/the ozone layer 大量损耗自然资源/臭氧层
• pollute rivers and lakes/waterways/the air/the atmosphere/the environment/oceans 污染河流湖泊/航道/空气/大气层/环境/海洋
• contaminate groundwater/the soil/food/crops 污染地下水/土壤/食物/庄稼
• log forests/rainforests/trees 采伐森林/热带雨林/树木

Protecting the environment 保护环境

• address/combat/tackle the threat/effects/impact of climate change 设法解决/防止/应对气候变化带来的威胁/影响/冲击
• fight/take action on/reduce/stop global warming 对抗/采取行动应对/减缓/阻止全球变暖
• limit/curb/control air/water/atmospheric/environmental pollution 控制空气/水/大气/环境污染
• cut/reduce pollution/greenhouse gas emissions 减少污染/温室气体排放
• offset carbon/CO₂ emissions 抵消碳/二氧化碳的排放
• reduce (the size of) your carbon footprint 减少碳足迹（量）
• achieve/promote sustainable development 实现/促进可持续发展
• preserve/conserve biodiversity/natural resources 保持生物多样性；保护自然资源
• protect endangered species/a coastal ecosystem 保护濒危物种/沿海生态系统
• prevent/stop soil erosion/overfishing/massive deforestation/damage to ecosystems 防止/阻止水土流失/过度捕捞/大面积森林砍伐/对生态系统的破坏
• raise awareness of environmental issues 增强环境意识
• save the planet/the rainforests/an endangered species 拯救地球/热带雨林/濒危物种

Energy and resources 能源和资源

• conserve/save/consume/waste energy 保护/节约/消耗/浪费能源
• manage/exploit/be rich in natural resources 管理/开发/有丰富的自然资源
• dump/dispose of hazardous/toxic/nuclear waste 倾倒/处理有害/有毒/核废料
• dispose of/throw away litter/ (especially BrE) rubbish/ (especially NAmE) garbage/ (NAmE) trash/sewage 处理/扔掉垃圾/废物；排放污水
• use/be made from recycled/recyclable/biodegradable material 使用回收/可回收/可生物降解材料；由回收/可回收/可生物降解材料制成
• recycle bottles/packaging/paper/plastic/waste 回收瓶子/包装材料/纸/塑料/废品
• promote/encourage recycling/sustainable development/the use of renewable energy 促进/鼓励回收利用/可持续发展/使用可再生能源
• develop/invest in/promote renewable energy 研发/投资/推动可再生能源
• reduce your dependence/reliance on fossil fuels 减少对化石燃料的依赖
• get/obtain/generate/produce electricity from wind, solar and wave power/renewable sources 利用风、太阳能、潮汐/可再生能源发电
• build/develop a (50-megawatt/offshore) wind farm 修建一座（50 兆瓦/海上）风力发电站
• install/be fitted with/be powered by solar panels 安装太阳能板；由太阳能板提供动力