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单词 study
释义
noun
verb
🔑 studyBrE /ˈstʌdi/NAmE /ˈstʌdi/ noun (
plural
studies) ➤activity of learning 学习🔑 [U] the activity of learning or gaining knowledge, either from books or by examining things in the world 学习；研究◆a room set aside for private study 单留出来的书房◆academic/literary/scientific, etc. study 学术、文学、科学等研究◆It is important to develop good study skills. 培养良好的学习方法很重要。◆Physiology is the study of how living things work. 生理学是研究生物机能的学科。

course, distance learning, education, exam, further education, graduate, higher education, qualification, study, tertiary

🔑 studies [pl.] (formal) a particular person's learning activities, for example at a college or university 功课；课业；学业◆to continue your studies 继续学业➤academic subject 学科🔑 studies [U + sing./pl. v.] used in the names of some academic subjects （用于某些学科名称）◆business/media/American studies 商学；传媒学；美国研究➤detailed examination 仔细检查🔑 [U] the act of considering or examining sth in detail 细致考虑；仔细检查；审视◆These proposals deserve careful study. 这些建议值得认真研究。🔑 [C] a piece of research that examines a subject or question in detail （专题）研究，调查◆to make/carry out/conduct a study 开展一项研究◆This study shows/confirms/suggests that… 这研究证明/证实/显示…◆a detailed study of how animals adapt to their environment 关于动物如何适应环境的细致研究

analysis, evaluate, evidence, experiment, hypothesis, laboratory, research, result, science, study

Scientific research 科学研究

Theory 理论

  • formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis 创立理论；提出假设
  • build/construct/create/develop a simple/theoretical/mathematical model 创立一个简单/理论/数学模型
  • develop/establish/provide/use a theoretical/conceptual framework 创立/建立/提供/使用理论/概念框架
  • advance/argue/develop the thesis that… 提出/论证/详尽阐述…的论题
  • explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis 探讨一个想法/概念/假设
  • make a prediction/an inference 预测；推断
  • base a prediction/your calculations on sth 基于…做出预测/估算
  • investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/reject a theory/hypothesis/model 研究/评估/接受/质疑/拒绝接受一个理论/假设/模型

Experiment 实验

  • design an experiment/a questionnaire/a study/a test 设计一项实验/问卷/研究/测试
  • do research/an experiment/an analysis 做研究/实验/分析
  • make observations/measurements/calculations 观察；测量；计算
  • carry out/conduct/perform an experiment/a test/a longitudinal study/observations/clinical trials 进行实验/测试/纵向研究/观察/临床试验
  • run an experiment/a simulation/clinical trials 进行实验/模拟/临床试验
  • repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis 重做实验/测试/分析
  • replicate a study/the results/the findings 做相同的研究；得出同样的结果/调查结果
  • observe/study/examine/investigate/assess a pattern/a process/a behaviour/ (especially US) a behavior 观察/研究/审查/调查/评估一种模式/一个过程/一种行为
  • fund/support the research/project/study 资助/支持研究/项目/专题研究
  • seek/provide/get/secure funding for research 寻求/提供/得到/争取到研究资金

Results 结果

  • collect/gather/extract data/information 收集/提取数据/信息
  • yield data/evidence/similar findings/the same results 得到数据/证据/类似调查结果/相同结果
  • analyse/examine the data/soil samples/a specimen 分析/考查数据/土壤样本/样本
  • consider/compare/interpret the results/findings 思考/比较/解释结果/调查结果
  • fit the data/model 与数据/模型相符合
  • confirm/support/verify a prediction/a hypothesis/the results/the findings 证实/支持/核实预测/假设/结果/调查结果
  • prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem 证明猜测/假设/定理
  • draw/make/reach the same conclusions 得出同样的结论
  • read/review the records/literature 阅读/评论记录/文献
  • describe/report an experiment/a study 描述/报告一项实验/研究
  • present/publish/summarize the results/findings 提交/公布/总结结果/调查结果
  • present/publish/read/review/cite a paper in a scientific journal 向科学杂志提交一篇论文；在科学杂志发表一篇论文；阅读/评论/引用科学杂志上的一篇论文
  ➡  see also case study ➤room 房间🔑 [C] a room, especially in sb's home, used for reading and writing 书房➤art 绘画 [C] a drawing or painting of sth, especially one done for practice or before doing a larger picture 习作；试作；试画◆a study of Chartres Cathedral 沙特尔大教堂试画◆a nude study 裸体画习作➤music 音乐 (also étude) [C] a piece of music designed to give a player practice in technical skills 练习曲➤perfect example 典型 [sing.] ~ (in sth) (formal) a perfect example of sth 典型；范例◆His face was a study in concentration. 他脸上完全是一副全神贯注的表情。●in a brown ˈstudy(old-fashioned, BrE) thinking deeply so that you do not notice what is happening around you 出神；沉思默想（以致没注意到周围情况）
🔑 studyBrE /ˈstʌdi/NAmE /ˈstʌdi/ verbpresent simple - I / you / we / they study BrE /ˈstʌdi/ NAmE /ˈstʌdi/present simple - he / she / it studies BrE /ˈstʌdiz/ NAmE /ˈstʌdiz/past simple studied BrE /ˈstʌdid/ NAmE /ˈstʌdid/past participle studied BrE /ˈstʌdid/ NAmE /ˈstʌdid/ -ing form studying BrE /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/ NAmE /ˈstʌdiɪŋ/➤learn 学习🔑 [T, I] ~ (for sth) to spend time learning about a subject by reading, going to college, etc. 学习；攻读◆~ (sth) How long have you been studying English? 你学英语多久了？◆Don't disturb Jane, she's studying for her exams. 不要打扰简，她正在温习功课，准备考试呢。◆~ (sth) at…My brother studied at the Royal College of Art. 我哥哥曾就读于皇家美术学院。◆~ (sth) under…a composer who studied under Nadia Boulanger (= was taught by Nadia Boulanger) 曾师从纳迪亚 · 布朗热的作曲家◆~ to do/be sthNina is studying to be an architect. 尼娜在学建筑。Education 教育

Learning 学习

  • acquire/get/lack (an) education/training/ (BrE) (some) qualifications 获得/缺少教育/培训/资格
  • receive/provide sb with training/tuition 得到/给某人提供培训/指导
  • develop/design/plan a curriculum/ (especially BrE) course/ (NAmE) program/syllabus 制订课程方案/教学大纲
  • give/go to/attend a class/lesson/lecture/seminar 讲课；上课；举办/参加/出席研讨会
  • hold/run/conduct a class/seminar/workshop 办班；举办研讨会/讲习班
  • sign up for/take a course/classes/lessons 报名参加/修读课程

School 学校

  • go to/start preschool/kindergarten/nursery school 上学前班/幼儿园/托儿所
  • be in the first, second, etc. (NAmE) grade/ (especially BrE) year (at school) 在读一年级、二年级等
  • study/take/drop history/chemistry/German, etc. 修读/放弃修历史课/化学课/德语课等
  • (BrE) leave/finish/drop out of/ (NAmE) quit school 离校；完成学业；辍学；退学
  • (NAmE) graduate high school/college 高中/大学毕业

Problems at school 在学校遇到的问题

  • be the victim/target of bullying 成为被欺负的受害者/对象
  • (BrE) play truant from/ (both BrE, informal) bunk off/skive off school (= not go to school when you should) 逃学
  • (both especially NAmE) skip/cut class/school 逃课；逃学
  • (BrE) cheat in/ (NAmE) cheat on an exam/a test 考试作弊
  • get/be given a detention (for doing sth) （因做了某事）被罚放学后留校
  • be expelled from/be suspended from school 被学校开除/暂时停学

Work and exams 功课和考试

  • do your homework/ (BrE) revision/a project on sth 做家庭作业；复习功课；对…做专题研究
  • work on/write/do/submit an essay/a dissertation/a thesis/an assignment/ (NAmE) a paper 写/提交文章/学位论文/毕业论文/作业/论文
  • finish/complete your dissertation/thesis/studies/coursework 完成学位论文/毕业论文/学业/课程作业
  • hand in/ (NAmE) turn in your homework/essay/assignment/paper 提交家庭作业/文章/作业/论文
  • study/prepare/ (BrE) revise/ (NAmE) review/ (NAmE, informal) cram for a test/an exam 为应考而学习/准备/复习/临时死记硬背
  • take/ (both BrE) do/sit a test/an exam 参加考试
  • (especially BrE) mark/ (especially NAmE) grade homework/a test 给作业/考试打分
  • (BrE) do well in/ (NAmE) do well on/ (informal, especially NAmE) ace a test/an exam 在考试中取得好成绩
  • pass/fail/ (informal, especially NAmE) flunk a test/an exam/a class/a course/a subject 测验/考试/课程/学科及格/不及格

University 大学

  • apply to/get into/go to/start college/ (BrE) university 申请/上/开始上大学
  • leave/graduate from law school/college/ (BrE) university (with a degree in computer science) 离开/毕业于法学院；离开大学；大学毕业（取得计算机科学的学位）
  • study for/take/ (BrE) do/complete a law degree/a degree in physics 攻读/读完法学学位/物理学位课程
  • (both NAmE) major/minor in biology/philosophy 主修/辅修生物学/哲学
  • earn/receive/be awarded/get/have/hold a master's degree/a bachelor's degree/a PhD in economics 获得/被授予/拿到/拥有经济学硕士学位/学士学位/博士学位
➤examine carefully 认真检查🔑 [T] ~ sthto watch or to look at sb/sth carefully in order to find out sth 审视；端详；细看◆Scientists are studying photographs of the planet for signs of life. 科学家仔细察看行星照片，看有无生命迹象。◆He studied her face thoughtfully. 他一边端详她的脸，一边沉思。◆Fran was studying the menu. 弗兰在仔细地看菜单。🔑 [T] to examine sth carefully in order to understand it 研究；调查◆~ sthWe will study the report carefully before making a decision. 我们将认真研究这份报告，然后再作决定。◆~ how, what, etc.…The group will study how the region coped with the loss of thousands of jobs. 该小组将考察这一地区是如何应对减少几千个工作岗位的局面的。examineanalyse ⬥ review ⬥ study ⬥ discuss

These words all mean to think about, study or describe sb/sth carefully, especially in order to understand them, form an opinion of them or make a decision about them. 以上各词均含思量、审查、调查、研究之义。

  • examine to think about, study or describe an idea, subject or piece of work very carefully 指审查、调查、考查、考察：◆These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10. 这些观点将在第 10 章作更为详细的探讨。
  • analyse/analyze to examine the nature or structure of sth, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it 指分析：◆The job involves gathering and analysing data. 这项工作需要搜集和分析资料。◆He tried to analyse his feelings. 他试图分析自己的感情。
  • review to examine sth again, especially so that you can decide if it is necessary to make changes 指复查、检讨，以做必要的修改：◆The government will review the situation later in the year. 政府将在今年晚些时候重新检讨形势。
  • study to examine sb/sth in order to understand them or it 指研究、调查：◆We will study the report carefully before making a decision. 我们将认真研究这份报告，然后再作决定。

examine or study? 用 examine 还是 study？

You examine sth in order to understand it or to help other people understand it, for example by describing it in a book; you study sth in order to understand it yourself. 为理解或帮助别人理解某事，如在书中探讨，用 examine；为使自己理解某事，用 study。

  • discuss to write or talk about sth in detail, showing the different ideas and opinions about it 指详述、论述：◆This topic will be discussed at greater length in the next chapter. 这个主题将在下一章里详细论述。

Patterns

  • to examine/analyse/review/study/discuss what/how/whether…
  • to examine/analyse/review/study/discuss the situation/evidence
  • to examine/analyse/review/study/discuss sth carefully/critically/systematically/briefly
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