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| PREPOSITION |
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| /əˈgenst/ |
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| 1 | in opposition to sb or sth
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| | 1a | used for stating which plan , idea , or action someone opposes and thinks is wrong 反对（计划、想法或行动） | | Amnesty International has campaigned publicly against the death penalty. “大赦国际”公开为反对死刑而斗争。 | | I’ m against all forms of censorship. 我反对任何形式的审查。 | |
| | 1b | used for stating who or what you are trying to defeat in a game , race , or fight （在比赛或战斗中）对（某人或某事物） | | England’ s World Cup game against Argentina 世界杯赛中英格兰对阿根廷的比赛 | | The king’ s son died in battle, fighting against the Persians. 国王的儿子在与波斯人的战斗中死去。 | | the fight against drugs in our city’ s schools 我们城市的学校里反对毒品的斗争 | |
| | 1c | if someone makes you do something against your will , you do not want to do it 违背意志地 | | No one will be forced to leave home against their will. 没有人会被强迫离开家。 | |
| | 1d | if someone does something against your wishes/advice, they do it even though you /do not want them to do it/advise them not to do it 与某人意愿/意见相悖地 | | She took the two children away against her husband’ s wishes. 她不顾丈夫的意愿把两个孩子带走了。 | | Against the advice of his doctor, Maynard insisted on taking part. 梅纳德不顾医生的建议执意要参加。 | |
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| 2 | directed towards or affecting sb or sth in a negative way
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| | 2a | used for stating who is harmed or affected by something （用于指受到某事物伤害或影响的人） | | The dictator is charged with crimes against humanity. 独裁者可能会受到反人类罪的指控。 | | Police are investigating death threats made against a prosecution witness. 警方正在调查针对控方证人的死亡威胁。 | | illegal discrimination against homosexuals 针对同性恋者的非法歧视 | | count against (=cause someone to have a disadvantage) He’ s over 40, so his age may count against him. 他40多岁了，所以年纪可能对他不利。 | |
| | 2b | used for stating who someone dislikes or feels angry towards （用于表示某人讨厌或生气的对象） | | There was growing resentment among the people against their foreign rulers. 民众中对外国统治者的不满情绪越来越高涨。 | | turn against (=become unfriendly towards someone) Louis turned against his former ally, and withdrew his support. 不理；抛弃 | |
| | 2c | to dislike or not approve of someone or something for a particular reason 讨厌某人；不赞同某人 | | I think he’ s got something against artists. 我认为他有点讨厌艺术家。 | | have nothing against sb (=have no reason to dislike someone or something) I have nothing against Tom personally. 没有讨厌某人的理由 | |
| | 2d | used for saying who is accused of doing something wrong （用于表示被指控的人） | | accusation/charge/allegation against sb Accusations of bribery had been made against the vice-president. 副总统受到受贿的指控。 | | Police are expected to bring criminal charges against Warren. 大家期待着警方对沃伦提起刑事诉讼。 | |
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| 3 | touching or hitting sb or sth
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| | 3a | touching or hitting the surface of something 擦，碰（某物的表面） | | He leaned over and his lips brushed against her hair. 他弯下身，嘴唇擦过她的头发。 | | I fell heavily against the bookshelves. 我重重地摔到了书架上。 | |
| | 3b | very close to and touching something , especially so that it is used as a support 紧靠着（尤指作为支撑） | | We left Ron’ s bicycle propped against a tree. 我们把罗恩的自行车靠在一棵树上。 | |
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| 4 | not allowed by law
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| | 4a | if there is a law against doing something , it is illegal （法律）禁止 | | The state has a law against cruelty to animals. 该州有一项禁止虐待动物的法律。 | |
| | 4b | not allowed by the law/rules 违法/违规 | | It is against the law to park here overnight. 整夜在这里停车是违法的。 | |
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| 5 | providing protection from sth
used for stating what is causing harm or affecting someone or something 防备；抵御 |
| The plants must be protected against frost until late spring. 必须保护好植物免受霜冻，直到晚春。 |
| Children were vaccinated against diseases such as smallpox and polio. 孩子们接种疫苗以预防诸如麻疹和小儿麻痹之类的疾病。 |
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| 6 | in the opposite direction
if someone or something moves against the wind , the current etc, they face it and move in the opposite direction 逆…的方向；迎着 |
| We were sailing against a strong easterly wind. 我们正逆着强劲的东风航行。 |
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| 7 | with a background behind
if something appears against a background , it is seen with the background behind it 以…为背景；以…作衬托 |
| The dark ruins of the castle stood out against the evening sky. 在夜空的衬托下，城堡黑沉沉的遗迹引人注目。 |
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| 8 | in comparison with sth
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| | 8a | used for comparing one thing or amount with another 和…相比 | | This year’ s profits amounted to only £35 million, against £52 million last year. 与去年的5200万英镑相比，今年的利润只达到3500万英镑。 | | as against Why is there a preference for the American system as against the British? 为什么偏好美国体制而非英国体制？ | |
| | 8b | to compare someone or something with someone or something else 将…与…相比 | | We measure our achievements against the highest standards. 我们与最高标准相比较来衡量我们的成绩。 | |
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