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| VERB |
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| /breɪk/ |
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| 1 | T to make something separate into two or more pieces, for example by hitting or dropping it 打破；折断；打碎；使碎裂 |
| People were throwing stones and several windows were broken. 人们在扔石头，几扇窗户被打破了。 |
| break sth in half/two etc Break the spaghetti in half and put it into the boiling water. 把意大利式细面条掰成两半，放进开水中。 |
| | 1a | I if something breaks, it becomes damaged and separates into pieces 破碎；破裂；断 | | Shake the snow off the branches to prevent them from breaking. 摇掉树枝上的雪以防树枝折断。 | | +into The glass slipped from her hand and broke into a dozen pieces. 玻璃杯从她的手中滑落下来，碎成了许多片。 | |
| | 1b | I/T if a bone in your body breaks, or if you break it , it cracks or separates into two pieces （使）骨折 | | She broke her leg playing football. 她踢足球时腿部骨折了。 | | Older bones tend to break more easily. 年纪大一点的人往往更容易骨折。 | |
| | 1c | I/T if a piece of equipment breaks, or if you break it , it stops working correctly because a part of it is damaged （设备）出故障,损坏 | | We used to have a toaster, but it broke. 我们过去有个烤箱，但坏掉了。 | | Don’ t play with the camera – you’ ll break it. 别摆弄照相机了，你会把它弄坏的。 | |
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| 2 | T to fail to obey a rule or law 不遵守，违反（规则或法律） |
| If you break the speed limit, the penalties are severe. 如果你违章超速行驶，受到的处罚会很严厉。 |
| break the law I don’ t care what your reasons are. The fact is you’ re breaking the law. 我不管你有什么理由。实际情况是你在违法。 |
| | 2a | to not do something that you promised or agreed to do 违背（诺言或协议） | | They have started drilling for oil in the region, breaking an agreement made five years ago. 他们违背了5年前签定的协议，开始在这个地区钻井采油。 | | Elliot claims that his business partner broke her contract. 埃利奥特声称他的生意合伙人违约了。 | |
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| 3 | T to make a hole or cut in the surface of something 弄破…的表面；割破 |
| The dog bit his leg, but fortunately didn’ t break the skin. 狗咬了他的腿，但幸运的是没有咬破皮。 |
| Every so often a fish broke the still surface of the lake. 不时地有鱼游过,打破湖面的平静。 |
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| 4 | T to destroy someone’ s confidence , determination , or happiness 破坏（信心、决心或幸福）；使垮掉 |
| a campaign of violence and intimidation, that eventually broke the opposition’ s will 一场用暴力与威胁最终打垮对手意志的运动 |
| break sb’ s spirit Twenty years in prison had not broken his spirit. 20年的监禁并没有打垮他的意志。 |
| | 4a | I to lose your determination or confidence , especially when someone is deliberately trying to make this happen 垮掉；失去信心 | | She didn’ t break, even under hours of intense interrogation. 她甚至在几个小时的严厉审问下也没有垮掉。 | |
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| 5 | I if important news breaks, it becomes publicly known （消息）传开 |
| He was back in France when the news broke. 当消息传开时他已回法国了。 |
| For some days after the scandal broke, the press could find out nothing about him. 丑闻传开后的一段日子里，新闻界没了解到他的任何情况。 |
| | 5a | T to publish or broadcast a news story for the first time 首次发表；首次播出 | | The Daily Mirror broke the story on Christmas Eve. 《每日镜报》在圣诞节前夕首次刊登了这篇报道。 | |
| | 5b | T to tell someone bad news in a kind way 告诉（坏消息） | | I didn’ t know how to break it to her. 我不知道如何把这件事告诉她。 | |
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| 6 | I to stop what you are doing for a short period of time 暂停 |
| Why don’ t we break now and meet again tomorrow? 我们为什么不现在暂停一下，明天再碰头？ |
| +for OK, let’ s break for lunch. 好吧，让我们休息一会儿吃午饭吧。 |
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| 7 | T to stop a bad situation from continuing 终止；使不再继续 |
| Everyone must work together to break the cycle of violence. 人人都必须共同努力终止暴力的循环。 |
| Their goal was to break the monopoly of the state telecoms corporation. 他们的目标是打破国营电信公司的垄断。 |
| break a deadlock (=end a situation in which no progress is being made) The meeting went on late into the night in an attempt to break the deadlock. 打破僵局 |
| break sb’ s hold/grip on sth They are determined to break the army’ s hold on power. 他们决心结束军队对权力的控制。 |
| | 7a | to end your connection or relationship with someone 断绝，中断（关系） | | The party is looking to break its ties with the far right. 该党想要与极右派断绝关系。 | |
| | 7b | to end a quiet or calm period , for example by talking or making a noise 打破（寂静或平静） | | Hardly a sound broke the sleepy summer silence. 几乎没有一点声音打破夏日令人昏昏欲睡的寂静。 | | The peaceful mood was broken by the blare of a police siren. 平静的气氛被刺耳的警笛声所打破。 | |
| | 7c | to end a long period in which you have refused to talk about something 打破（沉默） | | Breaking a ten-year silence, he has talked for the first time about his wife’ s suicide. 他打破了10年的沉默，第一次谈起他妻子的自杀。 | |
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| 8 | I when day breaks, it starts to get light in the morning 破晓 |
| The day broke grey and dull. 破晓时天色灰暗阴沉。 |
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| 9 | I if a storm breaks, it starts （暴风雨）来临 |
| | 9a | if the weather breaks, it changes unexpectedly, and usually becomes worse （天气）突变 | | The long hot spell finally broke. 这一阵长时间的炎热天气终于过去了。 | |
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| 10 | I if a boy’ s voice breaks, it becomes deeper and he starts to sound like a man （男孩的嗓音）变粗，变声 |
| | 10a | if someone’ s voice breaks, they become unable to speak clearly , usually because they are upset （嗓音）突变 | |
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| 11 | I if waves break , they reach their highest point and start to fall （波浪）落下，冲击 |
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| 12 | T if someone breaks a code (= a secret way of writing) , they learn how to understand it 破译（密码） |
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| 13 | I mainly literary if someone’ s fever breaks, it starts to become less severe （热度）降低；退烧 |
| PHRASES |
| - | break your back
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| to work extremely hard to get something done |
| 拼命工作 |
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| - | break the back of sth BRITISH
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| to finish the main part or the hardest part of a piece of work |
| 完成某事中最主要（或最艰巨）的部分 |
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| - | break the bank
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| to win more at gambling than the casino can pay you |
| （赌博中）把庄家的钱全部赢光 |
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| - | break the...barrier
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| to be larger than the highest previous amount or the highest expected amount |
| 越过…关口；超过…数额 |
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| They’ re expecting profits to break the £5 million barrier. 他们期望利润超过500万英镑。 |
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| - | break camp
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| to take down tents and equipment and leave the place where you have been camping |
| 收起帐篷；拔营 |
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| - | break sb’ s concentration
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| to interrupt someone so that they are unable to continue concentrating on something |
| 分散某人的注意力 |
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| - | break cover
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| to suddenly appear from where you have been hiding |
| 突然从隐蔽处出来；不再躲藏 |
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| - | break even
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| if a person or business breaks even , they neither make a profit nor lose money |
| 不盈不亏；收支相抵 |
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| - | break sb’ s fall
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| to stop someone who is falling from hitting the ground directly , so that they hurt themselves less than they would have done |
| 减弱下降的力量；使某人不会直接落地 |
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| - | break free
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| 1 | to escape from someone who is trying to hold you 挣脱 |
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| 2 | to escape from an unpleasant person or situation that controls your life 摆脱（某人或某种局面） | She’ ll never be happy until she breaks free of her family. 在摆脱她的家庭之前她永远不会幸福。 | |
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| - | break a habit
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| to stop doing something that is a habit , especially something bad or harmful |
| 改掉习惯（尤指坏习惯） |
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| - | break sb’ s heart
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| to make someone feel extremely sad |
| 使某人感到很伤心；使某人感到万分悲痛 |
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| It broke my heart to leave. 要离开，我感到很伤心。 |
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| - | break the ice
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| to do or say something that makes people feel less shy or nervous in a social situation |
| 打破僵局；打破沉默 |
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| - | break your journey BRITISH
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| to stop somewhere for a short time during a journey |
| 途中逗留 |
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| - | break a leg spoken
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| used for wishing someone good luck |
| 祝好运；祝成功 |
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| - | break the mould
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| to change a situation completely or do something in a completely new way |
| 改变局面；以全新的方式做 |
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| - | break sb’ s neck spoken
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| if someone says they will break your neck , they are threatening to hurt you very badly because they are angry with you |
| （用于威胁）扭断某人的脖子，打死某人 |
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| If you come near this place again, I’ ll break your neck. 如果你再走近这个地方，我就扭断你的脖子。 |
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| - | break new ground
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| to do something completely different from what has been done before |
| 开辟新天地；创新 |
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| - | break ranks
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| 1 | if a member of a group breaks ranks, they disagree publicly with the rest of the group 与…意见不合 | Toricelli angered fellow Democrats by breaking ranks with the leadership. 托里塞利与领导层的意见不合激怒了其民主党同仁。 | |
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| 2 | if soldiers or police officers break ranks, they stop standing in lines and move away （士兵或警察）解散队列 |
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| - | break a record
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| to do something that is better , faster etc than anything that has been done before |
| 打破纪录 |
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| The painting has broken all records, selling for over £20 million. 这幅画卖了两千多万英镑，打破了所有纪录。 |
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| - | break sb’ s serve/service
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| in tennis , to win a game in which your opponent is serving |
| （网球）破某人的发球局 |
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| - | break the spell mainly literary
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| to spoil or end something very special |
| 破除符咒 |
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| - | break a strike
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| 1 | to end a situation in which workers have been on strike 结束罢工 |
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| 2 | to start working again when you have been on strike （罢工后）复工 |
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| - | break wind
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| to allow gas to come out of your bottom |
| 放屁 |
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| - | sth won’ t break the bank informal
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| used for saying that something does not cost very much money |
| 某物不会花费太多 |
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| One night out won’ t break the bank. 在外面玩一个晚上不会倾家荡产的。 |
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| - | you’ re breaking my heart spoken
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| used for telling someone that you do not feel any sympathy for them concerning what they have just told you |
| 你真是太让我伤心了 |
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| PHRASAL VERBS |
| - | ˌbreak aˈway |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | to escape from a person , place , or situation 逃脱；挣脱；脱离 | Anna tried to break away but he held her tight. 安娜试图挣脱，但他紧紧地抓住她。 | |
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| 2 | to leave a political party or other group , especially in order to start another one （尤指为创建另一政党或团体而）脱离（某政党或团体） |
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| 3 | if a part of something breaks away from the rest , it becomes separated from it （从整体中）分离 |
| - | ˌbreak ˈdown |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | I if a machine or vehicle breaks down , it stops working （机器或车）损坏，坏掉，出故障 | The car broke down just outside Winchester. 车就在温切斯特外面坏了。 | |
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| 2 | T to divide something such as a total amount into separate parts 对…分类；把…分成不同部分 | The amount doesn’ t seem quite so bad when you break it down into monthly payments. 当你把总数分成每月支付的款项，这个数额看起来就不那么可怕了。 | | | 2a | I/T if a substance breaks down or is broken down into parts, it separates into the parts that it is made up of 分解 | | Like all natural substances, it is easily broken down by bacteria. 像所有的自然物质一样，它很容易被细菌分解。 | | |
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| 3 | I if a relationship or discussion breaks down , it stops being successful （关系或讨论）破裂，失败 | At one point, the talks seemed close to breaking down. 会谈一度濒于破裂。 | |
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| 4 | I to start crying , especially in public （尤指在公众场合）开始哭，感情失控 | Many people broke down and wept. 许多人控制不住开始哭泣。 | |
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| 5 | T to hit something such as a door or wall very hard so that it falls down 捣毁；拆毁 | Firefighters had to break down the door to get into the flat. 消防员不得不把门砸开才进入了公寓。 | |
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| 6 | T to remove a difficulty that prevents something from happening 扫除（障碍）；排除（困难） | The aim of the agreement is to break down barriers to trade. 签定这份协议的目的是扫除贸易障碍。 | |
| - | ˈbreak for |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| | break for sth: to go somewhere quickly , especially in order to escape 迅速去；（尤指）逃往 | We’ re assuming they’ ll break for the border. 我们认为他们将逃往边境。 | |
| - | ˌbreak ˈin |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | I to enter a building by force , especially in order to steal things （尤指为了盗窃而）闯入 | Someone had broken in through the bedroom window. 有人从卧室窗户闯入屋里。 | |
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| 2 | I to interrupt when someone is talking 打断；插嘴 | ‘Hilary,’ he broke in gently, ‘I’ m just trying to help.’ “希拉里”，他轻轻地插嘴道，“我只是想帮忙。” | |
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| 3 | T to help someone get used to something new , for example a new job 使适应（新工作等）；训练 |
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| 4 | T to make new shoes or clothes comfortable by wearing them 使（鞋或衣服）合用 | a stiff pair of boots that took weeks to break in 穿了好几周才舒适合脚的一双硬靴子 | |
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| 5 | T to train a horse that is young or wild 驯（马） |
| - | ˌbreak ˈinto |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | to enter a building by force , especially in order to steal things （尤指为了盗窃而）闯入 | A house in Brecon Place was broken into last night. 昨天晚上布雷肯区的一所房子被人破门而入。 | |
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| 2 | to start doing something 开始做 | break into a run/trot/gallop etc The children saw the sea and broke into a run. 孩子们看见大海便开始跑了起来。 | | break into a smile We watched her puzzled face break gently into a smile. 我们望着她迷惑的脸上轻轻绽放出了笑容。 | | break into laughter/applause/song I almost expected him to break into song. 我差一点以为他会突然唱起歌来。 | | break into a sweat My legs were shaking with exhaustion, but Phil hadn’ t even broken into a sweat. 我疲惫得双腿直抖，但菲尔甚至连汗也没有出一点。 | |
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| 3 | to interrupt someone when they are talking or thinking 打断 | Christopher’ s voice broke into her thoughts. 克里斯托弗的说话声打断了她的思绪。 | |
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| 4 | to start to have success in your career or an area of activity 成功进入，打入（行业或活动领域） | We see the deal with China as a way of breaking into markets in the Far East. 我们把与中国的交易看作是打入远东市场的一条途径。 | | It’ s always been his ambition to break into broadcasting. 进入广播业一直是他追求的目标。 | |
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| 5 | to start to use an amount of money 动用（钱） | We had to break into our savings to pay the fine. 我们不得不动用存款来支付罚金。 | |
| - | ˌbreak ˈoff |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | I/T to stop doing something , especially speaking 停止；（尤指）停止说话，住口 | Linda broke off, realizing that she was wrong. 琳达意识到她错了，于是不说了。 | | People would break off their conversations when she came into the room. 她走进房间时人们会停止交谈。 | |
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| 2 | T to end a relationship or a discussion 断绝（关系）；中断（讨论） | break off an engagement (=end an agreement to get married) Did you know they’ ve broken off their engagement? 终止婚约 | | break it off (=to end a romantic relationship) I’ ve decided to break it off with her. 结束恋爱关系 | | break off relations/contact The two countries have broken off diplomatic relations. 这两个国家断绝了外交关系。 | |
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| 3 | T if you break a piece off something , you remove it from the main part 折断；使断开 | Each child broke off a piece of bread. 每个孩子都掰了一片面包。 | | | 3a | I if a part of something breaks off , it becomes separated from the main part 断开；裂开 | | Part of the chimney broke off and fell to the ground. 部分烟囱裂开并倒在地上。 | | |
| - | ˌbreak ˈout |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | if something bad such as a war or disease breaks out , it starts （战争或疾病等）爆发，发生 | We got married a month before the war broke out. 我们在战争爆发前一个月结婚。 | | The fire must have broken out during the night. 这场火肯定是在夜间烧起来的。 | | | 1a | to start to appear on the skin （在皮肤上）开始出现 | | Sweat was beginning to break out on his forehead. 他的额头上开始冒汗。 | | +in The skin on my arms was breaking out in a rash. 我的手臂上出了皮疹。 | | |
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| 2 | to escape from a prison （从监狱）逃走 | +of Six prisoners have broken out of a top-security jail in Yorkshire. 6名犯人从约克郡守卫最森严的监狱越狱了。 | |
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| 3 | to escape from something such as a situation or way of life 改变，逃脱（某种情形或生活方式） | +of the desire to break out of the boring routine of normal daily living 摆脱乏味的日常生活的愿望 | |
| - | ˌbreak ˈthrough |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | to force your way through something that is stopping you from moving forward 冲破；突围 | A group of young demonstrators attempted to break through police lines. 一群年轻的示威者试图冲破警方的防线。 | | | 1a | to successfully deal with something that is stopping you making progress 消除；克服 | | attempts to break through prejudice in the workplace 在工作场所消除偏见的尝试 | | |
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| 2 | if something that was hidden breaks through , it appears 出现 | Maggie’ s head broke through the surface of the pool. 玛吉的头探出了池子的水面。 | | | 2a | used about light and the sun （光线或太阳）钻出，冲破 | | sunshine breaking through the clouds 钻出云层的阳光 | | |
| - | ˌbreak ˈup |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | T to break something to make smaller pieces 打碎；粉碎 | Break the chocolate up into squares. 把巧克力掰开弄成方块。 | | | 1a | I if something breaks up , it breaks into smaller pieces 碎裂；碎开 | | The plane broke up in mid-air. 飞机在半空中碎裂了。 | | |
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| 2 | I/T if a relationship breaks up , it ends （使）（关系）破裂 | The marriage broke up just a few years later. 仅仅几年后这桩婚姻就破裂了。 | | There were suggestions that her involvement had broken up the partnership. 有迹象表明她的介入使合作关系破裂。 | | | 2a | I/T if two people break up , they end their relationship 断绝（关系） | | +with He’ s just broken up with his girlfriend. 他刚刚与女朋友分手。 | | |
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| 3 | I/T if a meeting or other event breaks up , or if you break it up , it ends and people leave (使)（会议等）终止，结束 | The talks didn’ t break up until after midnight. 会谈午夜后才结束。 | | Sorry to break up the party, but I have to go. 让聚会停下来真不好意思，不过我得走了。 | |
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| 4 | T to stop a fight 制止（打斗） | The police were called in to break up the rioters. 警察被叫来制止聚众闹事者。 | |
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| 5 | I if the sound on a radio or mobile phone breaks up , you can no longer hear the person who is speaking on it （收音机或移动电话里的声音）断掉 | I can’ t hear you, you’ re breaking up. 我听不见你的声音，电话断线了。 | |
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| 6 | I BRITISH if schools break up , or if students or teachers break up , the students and teachers stop working at the end of term （学校）放假 |
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| 7 | T to divide a large area or a period of time into smaller parts so that it does not seem so big or long 把（大块地方或大段时间）分隔开 | I usually go for a walk around three o’ clock to break up the afternoon. 我通常3点钟左右去散步以把下午的时间分隔开。 | |
| - | ˈbreak with |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | break with sb/sth: to leave a group of people , usually because of a disagreement 与…绝交；与…决裂；离开 | That was the year he broke with the Labour Party. 那是他离开工党的一年。 | |
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| 2 | break with sth: if someone breaks with the past or with tradition , they start doing things in a completely new way 摒弃；背弃 | Some women broke with tradition by going to study abroad. 有些妇女摒弃传统，到国外学习。 | |
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