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| FUNCTION WORD |
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| /wɪðˈaʊt/ |
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| 1 | not having sth
used for stating what someone or something does not have 没有；无 |
| the ability to do mathematics without a calculator 不用计算器进行数学运算的能力 |
| They had endured three days without food or water. 他们3天没吃没喝。 |
| adress without sleeves 无袖连衣裙 |
| do/manage/go without (=continue your life or work in spite of not having something) I can’ t afford to buy her new trainers, so I’ m afraid she’ ll just have to do without. 没有…而继续；没有…而将就对付 |
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| 2 | when sb is not with you
used for saying that you do not have someone with you （表示某人不与你在一起）没有… |
| Ican’ t live without you – I want to marry you. 没有你我活不下去，我想和你结婚。 |
| If the others don’ t want to come, we’ ll go without them. 如果其他人不想来，我们就自个儿去了。 |
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| 3 | not doing sth or not happening
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| | 3a | used for stating what you do not do when you do something else （表示某人不与你在一起）没有… | | Normally I would accept your offer without hesitation. 通常我会毫不犹豫地接受你的邀请。 | | without doing sth Liz closed the door without making a sound. 利兹关门时没弄出一点儿声音。 | | without so much as (=not even doing something that is normally expected) He walked off and left me without so much as a backward glance. 甚至连…都没有 | |
| | 3b | used for stating what does not happen or has not happened when something else happens 没有发生… | | The operation proceeded without any major problems. 手术过程中没有出现任何大问题。 | | an attack that came without any warning 没有任何警告的进攻 | | without sb doing sth Could these men have walked out of the prison without anyone noticing? 这些人是否是在没人注意的时候走出了监狱呢？ | |
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| 4 | in a particular way
used for saying that you do not have a particular feeling , or you do not show a particular quality when you do something 没有（某种感觉或某种品质） |
| We began our search, but without much hope of finding anything. 我们开始了搜索，但并未抱希望会有任何发现。 |
| Stephens was fined £200 for driving without due care and attention. 斯蒂芬斯因疏忽驾驶而被罚200英镑。 |
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| 5 | outside
an old word meaning ‘outside’ （单词outside的古时用语 |
| PHRASE |
| - | without wishing/wanting to do sth mainly spoken
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| used when you are going to say something that someone may not like |
| （用于说别人不爱听的话时）不想 |
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| Without wishing to sound ungrateful, I should like to point out that you only did what you were paid to do. 我不想让大家觉得我不领情，但我应该指出你们所做的仅是你们领了报酬而该做的。 |
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